Cognition最新文献_第5页

Observational learning of exploration-exploitation strategies in bandit tasks 土匪任务中探索-开发策略的观察学习。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106124

Ludwig Danwitz, Bettina von Helversen

{"title":"Observational learning of exploration-exploitation strategies in bandit tasks","authors":"Ludwig Danwitz, Bettina von Helversen","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In decision-making scenarios, individuals often face the challenge of balancing between exploring new options and exploiting known ones—a dynamic known as the exploration-exploitation trade-off. In such situations, people frequently have the opportunity to observe others' actions. Yet little is known about when, how, and from whom individuals use observational learning in the exploration-exploitation dilemma. In two experiments, participants completed multiple nine-armed bandit tasks, either independently or while observing a fictitious agent using either an explorative or equally successful exploitative strategy. To analyze participants' behaviors, we used a reinforcement learning model (simplified Kalman Filter) to extract parameters for both copying and exploration at the individual level. Results showed that participants copied the observed agents' choices by adding a bonus to the individually estimated value of the observed action. While most participants appear to use an unconditional copying approach, a subset of participants adopted a copy-when-uncertain approach, that is copying more when uncertain about the optimal action based on their individually acquired knowledge. Further, participants adjusted their exploration strategies in alignment with those observed. We discuss, in how far this can be understood as a form of emulation. Results on participants' preferences to copy from explorative versus exploitative agents are ambiguous. Contrary to expectations, similarity or dissimilarity between participants' and agents' exploration tendencies had no impact on observational learning. These results shed light on humans' processing of social and non-social information in exploration scenarios and conditions of observational learning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Causation, Norms, and Cognitive Bias 因果关系，规范和认知偏差

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106105

Levin Güver , Markus Kneer

引用次数: 0

Evidence for word order harmony between abstract categories in silent gesture 无声手势中抽象范畴词序和谐的证据

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106100

Cliodhna Hughes , Jennifer Culbertson , Simon Kirby

{"title":"Evidence for word order harmony between abstract categories in silent gesture","authors":"Cliodhna Hughes , Jennifer Culbertson , Simon Kirby","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-category harmony is the tendency for languages to use consistent orders of heads and dependents across different types of phrases. For example, languages tend to either place both verbs and adpositions before their dependents (e.g., ‘<u>see</u> <em>the girl</em>’, ‘<u>to</u> <em>the store</em>’ as in English) or after (e.g., ‘<em>the girl</em> <u>see</u>’, ‘<em>the store</em> <u>to</u>’ as in Turkish). Harmony has been argued to reflect a cognitive bias for simpler rules: a single high level abstract rule is simpler to learn than multiple rules, one for each type of head and dependent (Culbertson and Kirby, 2016). This has been supported by recent experimental work indicating that learners prefer to consistently order nouns either before or after different nominal modifiers (e.g. Culbertson et al., 2012, 2020a) and different types of verbs (Motamedi et al., 2022), and generalise the relative order of verb and noun to the order of an adposition and noun (Wang et al., in press). However, these studies all use the exact same set of nouns for both the training and testing stimuli. This leaves open the possibility that participants are noticing surface-level patterns, i.e., matching the position of specific nouns across phrases. This would give the appearance of a preference for cross-category harmony, but would not reflect anything about the alignment of categories, or a preference for fewer abstract rules. This paper describes three experiments that were designed to establish whether there is a cognitive bias for cross-category harmony between the adpositional phrase and the verb phrase which persists when the possibility of using surface-level patterns is removed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational bases of domain-specific action anticipation superiority in experts: Kinematic invariants mapping 专家领域特定动作预期优势的计算基础：运动不变量映射

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106121

Qiwei Zhao , Yinyue Wang , Yingzhi Lu , Mengkai Luan , Siyu Gao , Xizhe Li , Chenglin Zhou

{"title":"Computational bases of domain-specific action anticipation superiority in experts: Kinematic invariants mapping","authors":"Qiwei Zhao , Yinyue Wang , Yingzhi Lu , Mengkai Luan , Siyu Gao , Xizhe Li , Chenglin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While experts consistently demonstrate superior action anticipation within their domains, the computational mechanisms underlying this ability remain unclear. This study investigated how the processing of kinematic invariants contributes to expert performance by examining table tennis players, volleyball players, and novices across two table tennis serve anticipation tasks using normal and point-light displays. Employing the kinematic coding framework, we established encoding and readout models to predict both actual action outcomes and participants' responses. Results showed that table tennis players consistently outperformed other groups across both tasks. Analysis of the intersection between encoding and readout models revealed a distinct mechanism: while both athlete groups showed enhanced ability to identify informative kinematic features compared to novices, only table tennis players demonstrated superiority in correctly utilizing these features to make precise predictions. This advantage in invariants mapping showed a positive correlation with domain-specific training experience and remained consistent across display formats, suggesting the development of a robust internal model through sustained domain-specific experience. Our findings illuminate the computational bases of domain-specific action anticipation, highlighting the significance of kinematic invariants mapping superiority in experts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond words: Examining the role of mental imagery for the Stroop effect by contrasting aphantasics and controls 超越语言：通过对比幻觉和控制来检验心理意象在Stroop效应中的作用

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106120

Merlin Monzel , Janik Rademacher , Raquel Krempel , Martin Reuter

引用次数: 0

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106108

Alice Zhang , Max Langenkamp , Max Kleiman-Weiner , Tuomas Oikarinen , Fiery Cushman

引用次数: 0

Observers translate information about other agents' higher-order goals into expectations about their forthcoming action kinematics 观察者将其他智能体的高阶目标信息转化为对其即将到来的行动运动学的期望

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106112

Katrina L. McDonough , Eleonora Parrotta , Camilla Ucheoma Enwereuzor , Patric Bach

{"title":"Observers translate information about other agents' higher-order goals into expectations about their forthcoming action kinematics","authors":"Katrina L. McDonough , Eleonora Parrotta , Camilla Ucheoma Enwereuzor , Patric Bach","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social perception relies on the ability to understand the higher-order goals that drive other people's behaviour. Under predictive coding views, this ability relies on a Bayesian-like hypothesis-testing mechanism, which translates prior higher-order information about another agent's goals into perceptual predictions of the actions with which these goals can be realised and tests these predictions against the actual behaviour. We tested this hypothesis in three preregistered experiments. Participants viewed an agent's hand next to two possible target objects (e.g., donut, hammer) and heard the agent state a higher-order goal, which could be fulfilled by one of the two objects (e.g., “I'm really hungry!”). The hand then reached towards the objects and disappeared at an unpredictable point mid-motion, and participants reported its last seen location. The results revealed the hypothesized integration of prior goals and observed hand trajectories. Reported hand disappearance points were predictively shifted towards the object with which the goal could be best realised. These biases were stronger when goal statements were explicitly processed (Experiment 1) than when passively heard (Experiment 2), more robust for more ambiguous reaches, and they could not be explained by attentional shifts towards the objects or participants' awareness of the experimental hypotheses. Moreover, similar biases were not elicited (Experiment 3) when the agent's statements referred to the same objects but did not specify them as action goals (e.g., “I'm really not hungry!”). These findings link action understanding to predictive/Bayesian mechanisms of social perception and Theory of Mind and provide the first evidence that prior knowledge about others' higher-level goals cascades to lower-level action expectations, which ultimately influence the visuospatial representation of others' behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional events induce retrograde memory impairments on conceptually-related neutral events 情绪事件诱发与概念相关的中性事件的逆行记忆损伤

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106103

Jamie Snytte , Ting Ting Liu , Renée Withnell , M. Natasha Rajah , Signy Sheldon

{"title":"Emotional events induce retrograde memory impairments on conceptually-related neutral events","authors":"Jamie Snytte , Ting Ting Liu , Renée Withnell , M. Natasha Rajah , Signy Sheldon","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emotional events are known to be prioritized during episodic encoding, leading to more detailed recollections compared to neutral events. Encoding an emotional event can influence the mnemonic fate of preceding or subsequent neutral events. Studies examining the impact of emotion on memory for neighboring neutral events have produced inconsistent results, which could be due to differences in the conceptual association between emotional and neutral stimuli. To test this idea, we conducted two behavioural experiments in which participants viewed one neutral and one emotional video clip from the same television series (<em>Bates Motel</em>) or from two different sources (emotional video from <em>Bates Motel</em>, neutral video from <em>An Education</em>). In both experiments, we manipulated the order in which participants viewed the videos – one group viewed the neutral video before the emotional video and the other group viewed the neutral video after the emotional video – and tested memory for all videos using free recall. We found that encoding a neutral video before, but not after an emotional video impaired recall, illustrating a retrograde impairment. Critically, this impairment only occurred when the videos were conceptually related, as in Experiment 1. In contrast, there was no indication of a retrograde impairment when the videos were not related, as in Experiment 2. Thus, a conceptual relationship is crucial for emotional events to imbue a retrograde impairment on neutral event memory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A body detection inversion effect revealed by a large-scale inattentional blindness experiment 大规模不注意盲视实验揭示的身体检测反转效应

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106109

Marco Gandolfo, Marius V. Peelen

{"title":"A body detection inversion effect revealed by a large-scale inattentional blindness experiment","authors":"Marco Gandolfo, Marius V. Peelen","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a social species, humans preferentially attend to the faces and bodies of other people. Previous research revealed specialized cognitive mechanisms for processing human faces and bodies. For example, upright person silhouettes are more readily found than inverted silhouettes in visual search tasks. It is unclear, however, whether these findings reflect a top-down attentional bias to social stimuli or bottom-up sensitivity to visual cues signaling the presence of other people. Here, we tested whether the upright human form is preferentially detected in the absence of attention. To rule out influences of top-down attention and expectation, we conducted a large-scale single-trial inattentional blindness experiment on a diverse sample of naive participants (<em>N</em> = 13.539). While participants were engaged in judging the length of a cross at fixation, we briefly presented an unexpected silhouette of a person or a plant next to the cross. Subsequently, we asked whether participants noticed anything other than the cross. Results showed that silhouettes of people were more often noticed than silhouettes of plants. Crucially, upright person silhouettes were also more often detected than inverted person silhouettes, despite these stimuli being identical in their low-level visual features. These results were replicated in a second experiment involving headless person silhouettes. Finally, capitalizing on the exceptionally large and diverse sample, further analyses revealed strong detection differences across age and gender. These results indicate that the visual system is tuned to the form of the upright human body, allowing for the quick detection of other people even in the absence of attention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What you saw a while ago determines what you see now: Extending awareness priming to implicit behaviors and uncovering its temporal dynamics 你之前看到的决定了你现在看到的：将意识启动扩展到内隐行为并揭示其时间动态

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-03-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106104

Zefan Zheng , Darinka Trübutschek , Shuyue Huang , Yongchun Cai , Lucia Melloni

{"title":"What you saw a while ago determines what you see now: Extending awareness priming to implicit behaviors and uncovering its temporal dynamics","authors":"Zefan Zheng , Darinka Trübutschek , Shuyue Huang , Yongchun Cai , Lucia Melloni","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Past experiences influence how we perceive and respond to the present. A striking example is awareness priming, in which prior conscious perception enhances visibility and discrimination of subsequent stimuli. In this partially pre-registered study, we address a long-standing debate and broaden the scope of awareness priming by demonstrating its effects on implicit motor responses. Using a large sample size (<em>N</em> = 48) and a novel continuous flash suppression (CFS) paradigm, we show that prior conscious perception not only boosts subjective visibility, objective discrimination accuracy, but also enhances implicit motor responses of subsequently encountered threshold-level stimuli. Exploratory temporal dynamics analyses confirm the transient nature of awareness priming: It peaks rapidly and decays gradually, even when high-visibility trials, which could shape subsequent perception, persist. This temporal profile sets awareness priming apart from other influences of prior experience, such as serial dependence or perceptual learning. We also make a novel observation: Recent conscious experience enhances discrimination accuracy, whereas more distant experiences primarily improve subjective visibility. These findings suggest that prior conscious perception shapes conscious awareness and discrimination accuracy through independent mechanisms, likely mediated by brain areas with differing temporal receptive windows across the cortical hierarchy. By shedding new light on the scope and temporal dynamics of awareness priming, this work advances our understanding of how previous conscious perception shapes current perception and behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 106104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0