Cognition最新文献_第6页

Altercentric bias in preverbal infants' encoding of object kind

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106074

Dora Kampis, Dimitrios Askitis, Victoria Southgate

引用次数: 0

Rational choices elicit stronger sense of agency in brain and behavior

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106062

Mustafa Yavuz , Sofia Bonicalzi , Laura Schmitz , Lucas Battich , Jamal Esmaily , Ophelia Deroy

{"title":"Rational choices elicit stronger sense of agency in brain and behavior","authors":"Mustafa Yavuz , Sofia Bonicalzi , Laura Schmitz , Lucas Battich , Jamal Esmaily , Ophelia Deroy","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sense of agency is the subjective feeling of control over one's own actions and the associated outcomes. Here, we asked whether and to what extent the reasons behind our choices (operationalized by value differences, expected utility, and counterfactual option sets) drive our sense of agency. We simultaneously tested these three dimensions during a novel value-based decision-making task while recording explicit (self-reported) and implicit (brain signals) measures of agency. Our results show that choices that are more reasonable also come with a stronger sense of agency: humans report higher levels of control over the outcomes of their actions if (1) they were able to choose between different option values compared to randomly picking between options of identical value, (2) their choices maximizes utility (compared to otherwise) and yields higher than expected utility, and (3) they realize that they have not missed out on hidden opportunities. EEG results showed supporting evidence for factors (1) and (3): We found a higher P300 amplitude for picking than choosing and a higher Late-Positive Component when participants realized they had missed out on possible but hidden opportunities. Together, these results suggest that human agency is not only driven by the goal-directedness of our actions but also by their perceived rationality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental evidence that exerting effort increases meaning

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106065

Aidan V. Campbell , Yiyi Wang , Michael Inzlicht

{"title":"Experimental evidence that exerting effort increases meaning","authors":"Aidan V. Campbell , Yiyi Wang , Michael Inzlicht","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficiency demands that we work smarter and not harder, but is this better for our wellbeing? Here, we ask if exerting effort on a task can increase feelings of meaning and purpose. In six studies (<em>N</em> = 2883), we manipulated how much effort participants exerted on a task and then assessed how meaningful they found those tasks. In Studies 1 and 2, we presented hypothetical scenarios whereby participants imagined themselves (or others) exerting more or less effort on a writing task, and then asked participants how much meaning they believed they (or others) would derive. In Study 3, we randomly assigned participants to complete inherently meaningless tasks that were harder or easier to complete, and again asked them how meaningful they found the tasks. Study 4 varied the difficulty of a writing assignment by involving or excluding ChatGPT assistance and evaluated its meaningfulness. Study 5 investigated cognitive dissonance as a potential explanatory mechanism. In Study 6, we tested the shape of the effort-meaning relationship. In all studies, the more effort participants exerted (or imagined exerting), the more meaning they derived (or imagined deriving), though the results of Study 6 show this is only up to a point. These studies suggest a causal link, whereby effort begets feelings of meaning. They also suggest that part of the reason this link exists is that effort begets feeling of competence and mastery, although the evidence is preliminary and inconsistent. We found no evidence the effects were caused by post-hoc effort justification (i.e., cognitive dissonance). Effort, beyond being a mere cost, is a source of personal meaning and value, fundamentally influencing how individuals and observers perceive and derive satisfaction from tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143042260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An experimental test of epistemic vigilance: Competitive incentives increase dishonesty and reduce social influence

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106066

Robin Watson , Thomas J.H. Morgan

{"title":"An experimental test of epistemic vigilance: Competitive incentives increase dishonesty and reduce social influence","authors":"Robin Watson , Thomas J.H. Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultural evolutionary theory has shown that social learning is adaptive across a broad range of conditions. While existing theory can account for why some social information is ignored, humans frequently under-utilise beneficial social information in experimental settings. One account of this is epistemic vigilance, whereby individuals avoid social information that is likely to be untrustworthy, though few experiments have directly tested this. We addressed this using a two-player online experiment where participants completed the same task in series. Player one provided social information for player two in the form of freely offered advice or their actual answer (termed “spying”). We manipulated the payoff structure of the task such that it had either a cooperative, competitive, or neutral incentive. As predicted, we found that under a competitive payoff structure: (i) player one was more likely to provide dishonest advice; and (ii) player two reduced their use of social information. Also, (iii) spied information was more influential than advice, and (iv) player two chose to spy rather than receive advice when offered the choice. Unexpectedly, the ability to choose between advice and spied information increased social influence. Finally, exploratory analyses found that the most trusting participants preferred to receive advice, while the least trusting participants favoured receiving no social information at all. Overall, our experiment supports the hypothesis that humans both use and provide social information strategically in a manner consistent with epistemic vigilance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106066"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neural specialization for ‘visual’ concepts emerges in the absence of vision “视觉”概念的神经专门化在没有视觉的情况下出现。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106058

Miriam Hauptman , Giulia Elli , Rashi Pant , Marina Bedny

{"title":"Neural specialization for ‘visual’ concepts emerges in the absence of vision","authors":"Miriam Hauptman , Giulia Elli , Rashi Pant , Marina Bedny","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ‘different-body/different-concepts hypothesis’ central to some embodiment theories proposes that the sensory capacities of our bodies shape the cognitive and neural basis of our concepts. We tested this hypothesis by comparing behavioral semantic similarity judgments and neural signatures (fMRI) of ‘visual’ categories (‘living things,’ or animals, e.g., <em>tiger</em>, and light events, e.g., <em>sparkle</em>) across congenitally blind (<em>n</em> = 21) and sighted (<em>n</em> = 22) adults. Words referring to ‘visual’ entities/nouns and events/verbs (animals and light events) were compared to less vision-dependent categories from the same grammatical class (animal vs. place nouns, light vs. sound, mouth, and hand verbs). Within-category semantic similarity judgments about animals (e.g., <em>sparrow</em> vs. <em>finch</em>) were partially different across groups, consistent with the idea that sighted people rely on visually learned information to make such judgments about animals. However, robust neural specialization for living things in temporoparietal semantic networks, including in the precuneus, was observed in blind and sighted people alike. For light events, which are directly accessible only through vision, behavioral judgments were indistinguishable across groups. Neural responses to light events were also similar across groups: in both blind and sighted people, the left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG+) responded more to event concepts, including light events, compared to entity concepts. Multivariate patterns of neural activity in LMTG+ distinguished among different event types, including light events vs. other event types. In sum, we find that neural signatures of concepts previously attributed to visual experience do not require vision. Across a wide range of semantic types, conceptual representations develop independent of sensory experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Todes” and “Todxs”, linguistic innovations or grammatical gender violations? “Todes”和“Todxs”是语言学上的创新还是语法上的性别违规？

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106061

Alexandra Román Irizarry , Anne L. Beatty-Martínez , Julio Torres , Judith F. Kroll

{"title":"“Todes” and “Todxs”, linguistic innovations or grammatical gender violations?","authors":"Alexandra Román Irizarry , Anne L. Beatty-Martínez , Julio Torres , Judith F. Kroll","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compared the processing of non-binary morphemes in Spanish (e.g., <em>todxs</em>, <em>todes</em>) with the processing of canonical grammatical gender violations in Spanish pronouns (e.g., <em>Los maestros… todas…</em>). Using self-paced reading, the study examined how individual differences in working memory and gender/sex diversity beliefs affected language processing at three regions of interest (ROI): the pronoun, the pronoun +1, and the pronoun +2. Seventy-eight Spanish-English bilinguals completed two self-paced reading tasks, one with non-binary pronouns and another with grammatical gender violations, as well as a working memory task, a language dominance questionnaire, and a gender/sex diversity beliefs questionnaire. Processing costs were operationalized as longer reaction times (RTs) or inaccurate responses. Results showed overall processing costs for non-binary morphemes at all 3 ROIs, but no processing costs were observed in terms of accuracy or response times to the comprehension question. The results suggest that processing non-binary pronouns results in a small processing cost that does not affect overall sentence comprehension. The small observed processing cost was moderated by gender/sex diversity beliefs, with gender normative beliefs increasing RTs at the pronoun and affirmation of diverse gender identities beliefs reducing the RTs at the second spillover region. In contrast, grammatical gender violations only showed a processing cost at the first spillover region and were not moderated by working memory nor gender/sex diversity beliefs. Taken together, the results suggest that non-binary pronouns are processed differently than grammatical gender violations and that the small processing cost they impose can lead to good enough comprehension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bayesian surprise intensifies pain in a novel visual-noxious association 贝叶斯惊讶在一种新的视觉有害联想中加剧了疼痛。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106064

Ryota Ishikawa , Genta Ono , Jun Izawa

{"title":"Bayesian surprise intensifies pain in a novel visual-noxious association","authors":"Ryota Ishikawa , Genta Ono , Jun Izawa","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pain perception is not solely determined by noxious stimuli, but also varies due to other factors, such as beliefs about pain and its uncertainty. A widely accepted theory posits that the brain integrates prediction of pain with noxious stimuli, to estimate pain intensity. This theory assumes that the estimated pain value is adjusted to minimize surprise, mathematically defined as errors between predictions and outcomes. However, it is still unclear whether the represented surprise directly influences pain perception or merely serves to update this estimate. In this study, we empirically examined this question using virtual reality. In the task, participants reported felt pain via VAS after their arm was stimulated by noxious heat and thrusted into by a virtual knife actively. To manipulate surprise level, the visual threat suddenly disappeared randomly, and noxious heat was presented in the on- or post-action phases. We observed that a transphysical surprising event, created by sudden disappearance of a visual threat cue combined with delayed noxious heat, amplified pain intensity. Subsequent model-based analysis using Bayesian theory revealed significant modulation of pain by the Bayesian surprise value. These results illustrated a real-time computational process for pain perception during a single task trial, suggesting that the brain anticipates pain using an efference copy of actions, integrates it with multimodal stimuli, and perceives it as a surprise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI contextual information shapes moral and aesthetic judgments of AI-generated visual art AI语境信息塑造了AI生成的视觉艺术的道德和审美判断。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106063

Ionela Bara , Richard Ramsey , Emily S. Cross

{"title":"AI contextual information shapes moral and aesthetic judgments of AI-generated visual art","authors":"Ionela Bara , Richard Ramsey , Emily S. Cross","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2025.106063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Throughout history, art creation has been regarded as a uniquely human means to express original ideas, emotions, and experiences. However, as Generative Artificial Intelligence reshapes visual, aesthetic, legal, and economic culture, critical questions arise about the moral and aesthetic implications of AI-generated art. Despite the growing use of AI tools in art, the moral impact of AI involvement in the art creation process remains underexplored. Understanding moral judgments of AI-generated art is essential for assessing AI's impact on art and its alignment with ethical norms. Across three pre-registered experiments combining explicit and implicit paradigms with Bayesian modelling, we examined how information about AI systems influences moral and aesthetic judgments and whether human art is implicitly associated with positive attributes compared to AI-generated art. Experiment 1 revealed that factual information about AI backend processes reduced moral acceptability and aesthetic appeal in certain contexts, such as gaining financial incentives and art status. Experiment 2 showed that additional information about AI art's success had no clear impact on moral judgments. Experiment 3 demonstrated that an implicit association task did not reliably link human art with positive attributes and AI art with negative ones. These findings show that factual information about AI systems shapes judgments, while different information doses about AI art's success have limited moral impact. Additionally, implicit associations between human-made and AI-generated art are similar. This work enhances understanding of moral and aesthetic perceptions of AI-generated art, emphasizing the importance of examining human—AI interactions in an arts context, and their current and evolving societal implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 106063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transfer of congruency effects between Stroop and multiplication tasks: Evidence that retrieval of multiplication facts requires inhibitory control Stroop和乘法任务之间一致性效应的转移：乘法事实的检索需要抑制控制的证据。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106054

Joanne Eaves , Camilla Gilmore , Shachar Hochman , Lucy Cragg

{"title":"Transfer of congruency effects between Stroop and multiplication tasks: Evidence that retrieval of multiplication facts requires inhibitory control","authors":"Joanne Eaves , Camilla Gilmore , Shachar Hochman , Lucy Cragg","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inhibitory control is classically considered a domain-general process, yet recent findings suggest it may operate in context-specific ways. This has important implications for theories in other cognitive domains, such as mathematics, in which inhibitory control is proposed to play a key role. Inhibitory control has been implicated in resolving interference between competing number facts when retrieving them from memory, yet clear evidence for this is lacking. Here we report two pre-registered experiments with adults that investigated transfer of inhibitory control between interleaved Stroop and multiplication fact retrieval trials. Experiment 1 (<em>n</em> = 450) measured the congruency sequence effect, where transfer of inhibitory control between trials leads to a reduced congruency effect following an incongruent trial. Experiment 2 (<em>n</em> = 370) measured transfer of the list-wide proportion congruency effect, where the congruency effect is reduced when incongruent trials are more frequent. We found evidence of transfer of the congruency sequence effect between Stroop and multiplication. This did not differ depending on whether the Stroop task used number or animal stimuli. There was no transfer of the list-wide proportion congruency effect. These results suggest that reactive, transient domain-general inhibitory control processes are involved in retrieving multiplication facts from memory. Our findings have implications for theories of cognitive control and mathematical cognition, but caution should be taken in interpreting implications for educational interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arithmetic is not arithmetic: Paradigm matters for arithmetic effects 算术不是算术：范式对算术效果很重要。

IF 2.8 1区心理学

Cognition Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106060

Xinru Yao , Christina Artemenko , Yunfeng He , Hans-Christoph Nuerk

{"title":"Arithmetic is not arithmetic: Paradigm matters for arithmetic effects","authors":"Xinru Yao , Christina Artemenko , Yunfeng He , Hans-Christoph Nuerk","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cognition.2024.106060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on arithmetic uses different experimental paradigms. So far, it is unclear whether these different paradigms lead to the same effects or comparable effect sizes. Therefore, this study explores how different experimental paradigms influence mental arithmetic performance, focusing on understanding the potential differences and similarities in cognitive processes between paradigms. Six paradigms were systematically compared: decision paradigms (verification, forced-choice, delayed forced-choice) and production paradigms (written production, verbal-keyboard production, and simple verbal production). The results show consistent arithmetic effects related to operation (addition vs. subtraction) and task difficulty (with or without carry/borrow) across all paradigms, particularly in reaction time measures. However, accuracy varied between paradigms, with verbal-keyboard production and simple verbal production paradigms showing higher effect sizes for accuracy measures. These findings underscore the importance of considering each paradigm’s specific demands and characteristics in arithmetic research, suggesting that paradigm selection can influence the observed outcomes. Our study provides critical methodological insights that can guide future research in the design and interpretation of arithmetic tasks, enhancing the reliability and ecological validity of findings in numerical cognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48455,"journal":{"name":"Cognition","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 106060"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0