Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献_第6页

The importance of feeling above-average morally versus agentically 感觉自己在道德上高于平均水平与行为上的重要性

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104815

Yujing Liang , Sara D. Hodges , Vera Hoorens

{"title":"The importance of feeling above-average morally versus agentically","authors":"Yujing Liang , Sara D. Hodges , Vera Hoorens","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Which is more important for a positive self concept: feeling moral or feeling agentic? Research on self-superiority (better-than-average) beliefs, “self-superiority” for short, offers inconsistent evidence. Seemingly supporting the “morality hypothesis,” mean self-superiority is greater for morality. Seemingly supporting the “agency hypothesis,” individual differences in self-esteem correlate more strongly with self-superiority on agency. In three studies, we replicate past results and offer an explanation reconciling these inconsistent previous results. The morality hypothesis predicted that participants would find morality traits more personally important; greater moral self-superiority would be mediated by that greater importance; and the stronger correlation of agentic self-superiority with self-esteem would be moderated by the lower personal importance of agency. In contrast, the agency hypothesis predicted that participants would find morality traits more socially important and agency traits more personally important; that greater moral self-superiority would be mediated by the greater social importance of morality, and that the stronger correlation of agentic self-superiority with self-esteem would be moderated by the greater personal importance of agency. Participants generally showed moral self-superiority, but only those with high self-esteem showed agentic self-superiority (Studies 1–3). Participants rated morality traits as more socially important (Studies 1–2) and more extremely valenced (Study 3) but also more personally important than agency traits (Studies 1–3). Higher personal importance was, just like social importance and extremity of valence, associated with greater mean self-superiority but not with stronger correlations of self-superiority with self-esteem (Studies 1–3). These findings are more consistent with the morality hypothesis than with the agency hypothesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Group and personal rejection are similarly linked to extreme intergroup attitudes 群体和个人的排斥同样与极端的群体间态度有关

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104788

Luis Marcos-Vidal , Boryana Todorova , Scott Atran , Clara Pretus

{"title":"Group and personal rejection are similarly linked to extreme intergroup attitudes","authors":"Luis Marcos-Vidal , Boryana Todorova , Scott Atran , Clara Pretus","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perceived marginalization of social groups has been identified as one of the main drivers of violent extremism across countries. However, most psychological research has focused on interpersonal rather than intergroup processes to understand the link between social exclusion and aggression. We developed a new paradigm, RateME, which dissociates the effects of group rejection and personal rejection, two types of social exclusion that involve negative attention. We compared the psychological effects of group rejection with those of personal rejection using RateME as well as ostracism using Cyberball in a sample of more than 1200 UK residents. Experiencing group rejection, personal rejection, and ostracism was independently associated with increased psychological distress and state hostility, regardless of participants' degree of identification with the group. Exclusion of either type also indirectly increased group supremacist attitudes by undermining psychological needs and indirectly increased extreme intergroup attitudes by increasing state hostility. Our work reveals similar detrimental psychological effects of group-level and personal-level exclusion, highlighting group rejection as a risk factor for mental health with potential implications for violent extremism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Change, yes ‘we’ can: Protesting for (ingroup) and against (outgroup) change under conditions of threatened personal control 改变，是的“我们”可以：在个人控制受到威胁的情况下，抗议（内部）和（外部）变化

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104803

Johannes Michael Lautenbacher, Immo Fritsche, Tina-Marie Hoke, Wanda Eckert

{"title":"Change, yes ‘we’ can: Protesting for (ingroup) and against (outgroup) change under conditions of threatened personal control","authors":"Johannes Michael Lautenbacher, Immo Fritsche, Tina-Marie Hoke, Wanda Eckert","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personal control loss and crisis have been proposed to affect people's attitudes towards social change, but there is controversy about how. From an uncertainty reduction perspective (i.e., Compensatory Control Theory), people should typically reject social change under conditions of threatened personal control. From the perspective of Group-Based Control Theory, however, social change can serve as a means to restore people's sense of control through their social self (i.e., on a collective identity level). Thus, people should welcome ingroup-initiated change following threat. Integrating these perspectives, the Integrated Stage Model of Extended and Secondary Control (INSMESC) proposes that individuals initially attempt to restore control through group-based strategies – such as supporting ingroup-led change – as a form of extended primary control. Only when such group-based approaches are unavailable or appear ineffective do individuals resort to uncertainty-reducing strategies as a secondary control approach. Across three studies (<em>N</em> = 260, 431, 510), manipulated control threat reduced support for outrgroup-initiated change. However, the studies provided strong evidence that this effect was absent when change was driven by an ingroup. Further corroborating the primacy of group-based control, in Studies 4 and 5 (<em>N</em> = 219, 616), control threat even increased attitudinal support for ingroup-initiated change, but not for ingroup-led efforts to preserve the status quo. This suggests that social change is only perceived as threatening when it is not an ingroup initiative, and that it can even buffer feelings of personal control loss by highlighting the collective efficacy of a relevant social ingroup.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104803"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144898311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing “quarantined” metarepresentational accounts of Theory of Mind: Are we biased by others' false beliefs? 测试“隔离”的心智理论的元表征：我们是否被他人的错误信念所偏见？

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104785

Steven Samuel , Robert Lurz , Daizi Davies , Harry Axtell , Sarah K. Salo

{"title":"Testing “quarantined” metarepresentational accounts of Theory of Mind: Are we biased by others' false beliefs?","authors":"Steven Samuel , Robert Lurz , Daizi Davies , Harry Axtell , Sarah K. Salo","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An important component of Theory of Mind is the ability to understand the beliefs (true or false) of others. Arguably the most widely-held view is that this is performed by a detached <em>belief-representation</em> process (e.g., metarepresenting that another agent has a belief about the world which one does not share). The standard belief-representation account posits a separation between one's own first-order representations of the physical environment and one's second-order representations of another agent's mental states, preventing the latter from infecting the former. An alternative process is engaged <em>belief-simulation</em> (e.g., imaginatively adopting another agent's belief about the world) which, in contrast to standard belief-representation, posits a correspondence in the mental states shared by oneself and another agent and predicts an influence of the other agent's beliefs on one's own first-order representations and egocentric actions. In the first two of three studies, a participant and an agent watched an object buried in a continuous space (sandbox). The participant then watched the same object moved from the first location to a new location. When participants were asked to search for the object, they demonstrated a bias towards the first location when the agent falsely believed the object to be there but not when the agent knew, like the participant, that the object was in the new location. Reasoning that the strength of this bias may have been limited by participants' knowledge of the object's true whereabouts, in a third and final study we hid the movement of the object so that participants did not know its true location. We also recruited a greater number of participants to increase statistical power. Contrary to expectations, there was now no evidence of belief infection. Overall, these results are more consistent with a belief-representation account for (human) adults' understanding of others' belief states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluative conditioning with multiple unconditioned stimuli – Integration at judgment? 多重非条件刺激的评价条件作用-判断的整合？

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104820

Florian Weber , Hans Alves , Tobias Vogel , Moritz Ingendahl

{"title":"Evaluative conditioning with multiple unconditioned stimuli – Integration at judgment?","authors":"Florian Weber , Hans Alves , Tobias Vogel , Moritz Ingendahl","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluative conditioning (EC), the change in the liking of a conditioned stimulus (CS) due to its pairing with a positive/negative unconditioned stimulus (US), is a central effect in attitude formation. While EC has been widely studied in social psychology for many years, research has only recently begun investigating EC in stimulus-rich situations with multiple simultaneously occurring USs. Initial evidence suggests that conditioned attitudes develop in such situations as if people compute the average valence from the different USs. However, the cognitive processes underlying this averaging are insufficiently understood, especially <em>when</em> they operate in the conditioning process – only at encoding or also at judgment. To test this, we conducted two preregistered experiments where CSs simultaneously appeared with multiple USs and the valence of some of the USs changed after the conditioning procedure. We found that attitudes toward the CSs shifted in line with the changes in US valence, implying integration at judgment. Furthermore, our results confirm that valence integration of multiple USs still follows an averaging pattern, even when some USs change their valence after the initial pairing. Our research reveals key insights into information integration processes in EC, demonstrating that a simple averaging rule predicts conditioned attitudes from complex stimulus arrangements even in situations where affective stimuli change in valence throughout time. Furthermore, this implies that conditioned attitudes are flexibly constructed on the spot by retrieving and averaging the most recent valence information from previously paired attitude objects, showing the adaptivity of conditioned attitudes to new informational input.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Status- and foreignness-based discrimination experiences shape feelings of similarity among people of color 基于身份和外国人的歧视经历塑造了有色人种之间的相似感

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104794

Linda X. Zou , Samuel Ngum

{"title":"Status- and foreignness-based discrimination experiences shape feelings of similarity among people of color","authors":"Linda X. Zou , Samuel Ngum","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sense of similar disadvantage is crucial to fostering solidarity between people of color. But although people of color share a general experience with racial discrimination, the specific nature of those experiences can vary. Using the Racial Position Model as a theoretical framework, four studies (<em>N</em> = 2107) examined how distinct outgroup discrimination experiences along the axes of perceived status and cultural foreignness impact perceptions of similarity between people of color. In Study 1, Asian, Black, and Latine Americans' perceptions of similarity with each other were predicted by their beliefs about outgroup discrimination. Exposure to outgroup experiences with foreignness-based discrimination increased Asian Americans' perceived similarity with Black and Latine Americans (Studies 2 & 4), while exposure to outgroup experiences with status-based discrimination increased Black Americans' perceived similarity with Asian and Latine Americans (Studies 3 & 4). Perceived similarity, in turn, predicted greater willingness to engage in collective action on behalf of the outgroup (Studies 2–4). Our findings suggest that perceptions of similarity between people of color are bolstered by the salience of outgroup experiences along the specific axis of discrimination most prominent in the ingroup's experiences. Group experiences along the dual axes of perceived status and cultural foreignness may thus be leveraged to forge stronger coalitions among people of color.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social identity complexity mitigates outgroup derogation in moral judgment 社会身份复杂性减轻了道德判断中的外群体贬损

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104810

Trystan Loustau, Helen Padilla Fong, Liane Young

引用次数: 0

Are you still one of us? When living abroad undermines perceived home country identification and trust from compatriots 你还是我们中的一员吗？当生活在国外削弱了同胞对祖国的认同和信任

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104819

Zhu Feng (Cynthia) , Jin Wook Chang , Daniel A. Newark

引用次数: 0

Face perception in context: Allocentric distance in perceptions of facial gender 语境中的面部知觉：面部性别知觉中的异中心距离

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104795

Spencer Dobbs , Lindsay Goolsby , Wesley Mysinger , Max Weisbuch

{"title":"Face perception in context: Allocentric distance in perceptions of facial gender","authors":"Spencer Dobbs , Lindsay Goolsby , Wesley Mysinger , Max Weisbuch","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examined how allocentric distance between faces influences perceptions of facial gender. Indeed, faces are often observed in social contexts (i.e., with other faces) and given that social cognition functions, in part, to help people manage a complex network of relationships, it is possible that face perception is tuned to relational variables such as social distance. In the current work, we examined whether the spatial distance <em>between</em> faces shapes the degree to which gender judgments of a target face are contrasted from the gender of the co-present face. In three studies, pairs of faces were briefly presented, and participants were tasked with evaluating the gender of one face in the pair. We manipulated the spatial distance between faces in a pair to be “near”, “intermediate”, and “far”. In Studies 2–3, we added a pre-cue/post-cue manipulation to examine the spontaneity of social distance effects. In all studies, we observed an effect of social distance, such that gender judgments of a target face were more likely to be contrasted against the gender of the co-present face when the distance between the faces was far versus near. The results of Studies 2–3 suggest that the effects of social distance on judgments of face gender are unintentional or spontaneous in nature. Moreover, results from all studies suggest that the effects of social distance on judgments of facial gender reflect categorical concepts of distance (“near” versus “far”) rather than linear effects that increase with each increase in distance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why do some people refuse to compromise their positions on politicized practices? The role of need for closure 为什么有些人拒绝在政治化的做法上妥协？需要关闭的作用

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104816

Namrata Goyal , Krishna Savani , Michael W. Morris

{"title":"Why do some people refuse to compromise their positions on politicized practices? The role of need for closure","authors":"Namrata Goyal , Krishna Savani , Michael W. Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People's stances on politicized practices, such as abortion and gun ownership, are increasingly resistant to compromise, making dialogue between opposing sides difficult. Why are some people more prone to refusing to compromise on their stances on politicized practices than others? Five studies (<em>N</em> <em>=</em> 1377) found that high need for closure (NFC) is an antecedent of refusal to compromise. Study 1 found that people scoring higher on dispositional NFC were unwilling to compromise on their stances on gun ownership, hunting, marijuana consumption, and euthanasia, even after controlling for the extremity, importance, intensity, and centrality of each of these attitudes. Study 2 focused on abortion, a practice that is highly politicized in the US. Under time pressure, which reliably heightens NFC, both pro-life and pro-choice participants became more unwilling to compromise on their respective positions on abortion. Study 3 found that the relationship between NFC and refusal to compromise on one's position on several politicized practices was stronger among individuals who prioritized binding moral foundations (which emphasize group cohesion) rather than individualizing moral foundations (which emphasize personal autonomy). Studies 4–5 examined the underlying mechanism using the experimental causal chain method. Time pressure, which reliably heightens NFC, increased people's tendency to use deontological reasoning, a cognitive style that emphasizes rule-based over outcome-based judgments (Study 4), and inducing deontological reasoning heightened resistance to compromising one's positions on several politicized practices (Study 5). Together, these studies uncover a potential psychological mechanism behind political polarization, a highly divisive phenomenon, and identify pathways that could inform efforts to reduce intergroup conflict</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0