Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献_第6页

The effect of irrelevant pairings on evaluative responses 无关配对对评价性反应的影响

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104602

Tal Moran

引用次数: 0

Dynamic indirect reciprocity: The influence of personal reputation and group reputation on cooperative behavior in nested social dilemmas 动态间接互惠：嵌套社会困境中个人声誉和群体声誉对合作行为的影响

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104599

Xiaoming Wang , Fancong Kong , Hongjin Zhu, Yinyan Chen

{"title":"Dynamic indirect reciprocity: The influence of personal reputation and group reputation on cooperative behavior in nested social dilemmas","authors":"Xiaoming Wang , Fancong Kong , Hongjin Zhu, Yinyan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The indirect reciprocity theory suggested that the cues of reputational consequences determine the scope of indirect reciprocity and influence whether individuals decide to interact with others regardless of group identity. However, in more complex intergroup environments, there is no clear answer as to how indirect reciprocity guides intergroup cooperation. Based on this, the study used Intergroup Parochial and Universal-Cooperation (IPUC) to construct in-group interaction scenarios and explore the influence of reputation on different cooperative behaviors from both individual and group perspectives. The study found: (1) at the individual level, the influence of personal reputation on different cooperative behaviors is limited by group identity, and ingroup favoritism always exists, supporting the viewpoint of Bounded Generalized Reciprocity; (2) at the group level, group reputation promotes universal cooperation and suppresses parochial cooperation, regardless of group type, consistent with the Unbounded Indirect Reciprocity. The study supported and extended indirect reciprocity theory, providing a reference for understanding </span>group relations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral thin-slicing: Forming moral impressions from a brief glance 道德薄片：从一瞥中形成道德印象

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104588

Julian De Freitas , Alon Hafri

{"title":"Moral thin-slicing: Forming moral impressions from a brief glance","authors":"Julian De Freitas , Alon Hafri","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the modern rarity with which people are visual witness to moral transgressions involving physical harm, such transgressions are more accessible than ever thanks to their availability on social media and in the news. On one hand, the literature suggests that people form fast moral impressions once they already know what has transpired (i.e., who did what to whom, and whether there was harm involved). On the other hand, almost all research on the psychological bases for moral judgment has used verbal vignettes, leaving open the question of how people form moral impressions about observed visual events. Using a naturalistic but well-controlled image set depicting social interactions, we find that observers are capable of ‘moral thin-slicing’: they reliably identify moral transgressions from visual scenes presented in the blink of an eye (< 100 ms), in ways that are surprisingly consistent with judgments made under no viewing-time constraints. Across four studies, we show that this remarkable ability arises because observers independently and rapidly extract the ‘atoms’ of moral judgment (i.e., event roles, and the level of harm involved). Our work supports recent proposals that many moral judgments are fast and intuitive and opens up exciting new avenues for understanding how people form moral judgments from visual observation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moral violations that target more valued victims elicit more anger, but not necessarily more disgust 针对更有价值的受害者的道德侵犯行为会引起更多的愤怒，但不一定会引起更多的反感

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104597

Lei Fan , Catherine Molho , Tom R. Kupfer , Joshua M. Tybur

{"title":"Moral violations that target more valued victims elicit more anger, but not necessarily more disgust","authors":"Lei Fan , Catherine Molho , Tom R. Kupfer , Joshua M. Tybur","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The same moral violation can give rise to different emotional and behavioral responses in different individuals. The mechanisms that give rise to such differences – and the functions that those mechanisms serve – are unclear. Previous work suggests that people experience greater anger toward violations that target themselves or kin than those that target others, whereas they experience greater disgust toward violations that target others than those that target themselves or kin. In turn, anger has a stronger relation with direct aggression than indirect aggression, and disgust a stronger relation with indirect aggression than direct aggression. The current study tests whether these patterns depend on the value observers place on the targets of moral violations, even within folk relationship categories. In two studies, we asked participants to think of a person they know and to imagine that person being targeted by a moral violation described in a vignette. We assessed the value that participants placed on the target using a financial tradeoff task, their emotional reaction to the violation, and their desires to aggress toward the perpetrator. Results revealed that: (1) interpersonal value relates more strongly to anger than disgust toward the moral violation; (2) interpersonal value relates more strongly to direct than indirect aggression motives; and (3) anger relates to both direct and indirect aggression motives, whereas disgust relates only to indirect aggression motives. These results suggest that the value one places on the victims of moral violations influences emotional and behavioral reactions to those violations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002210312400009X/pdfft?md5=9b3689735c74c070c433e6c5a94e9459&pid=1-s2.0-S002210312400009X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139494095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Choosing not to get anchored: A choice mindset reduces the anchoring bias 选择不抛锚：选择心态可减少锚定偏差

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104575

Krishna Savani , Monica Wadhwa

{"title":"Choosing not to get anchored: A choice mindset reduces the anchoring bias","authors":"Krishna Savani , Monica Wadhwa","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In negotiations, first offers serve as potent anchors. After receiving a first offer, although people clearly have a choice about what amount to counteroffer, they often fail to adjust away from the first offer. We identify a simple nudge, a reminder that people have a choice, that can reduce the anchoring bias. We argue that a choice nudge leads people to think of more potential counteroffers that they can make, which reduces the extent to which they are anchored to the first offer. Seven studies conducted with US residents recruited from online research platforms tested this hypothesis. We found that merely reminding buyers that they have a choice led them to anchor away from sellers' first offers in a painting buying task (Studies 1 and 2) and a used car negotiation (Study 3). A choice reminder nudged people to consider more counteroffers (Study 4a) and asking people to consider more counteroffers reduced the anchoring bias (Study 4b). Consistent with the idea that thinking of counteroffers requires cognitive resources, we found that the effect of a choice nudge is attenuated under high cognitive load (Study 5). Study 6 ruled out an alternative motivational account for the choice nudge effect. This research contributes to the choice mindset literature by showing that highlighting the semantic concept of choice can help correct a pervasive decision-making bias, and to the anchoring literature by showing that thinking of more counteroffers can reduce the anchoring bias, at least in contexts in which the direction of adjustment from the anchor is known.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139431753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-serving bias in moral character evaluations 道德品质评价中的自我服务偏见

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104580

Andrew J. Vonasch , Bradley A. Tookey

引用次数: 0

Nostalgia assuages spatial anxiety 怀旧缓解空间焦虑

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104586

Alice Oliver , Tim Wildschut , Constantine Sedikides , Matthew O. Parker , Antony P. Wood , Edward S. Redhead

{"title":"Nostalgia assuages spatial anxiety","authors":"Alice Oliver , Tim Wildschut , Constantine Sedikides , Matthew O. Parker , Antony P. Wood , Edward S. Redhead","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>According to the regulatory model of nostalgia, the emotion is triggered by adverse psychological and physical experiences. Nostalgia, in turn, serves to counter those negative states. We extend this model to encompass spatial anxiety, that is, apprehension and disorientation during environmental navigation. In Experiment 1, we induced spatial anxiety by training participants to navigate a route in a virtual maze and then surreptitiously changing part of the previously learned route (spatial-anxiety condition) or leaving the route unchanged (neutral condition). Consistent with the regulatory model, spatial anxiety (compared to the neutral condition) triggered nostalgia. In Experiments 2–3, we displayed nostalgic (nostalgia condition) or matched control (control condition) pictures on the walls of a virtual maze. Participants navigated the maze passively (video clip, Experiment 2) or actively (computer-based task, Experiment 3) and then reported their spatial anxiety. Supporting the regulatory model, nostalgia (compared to control) reduced spatial anxiety (Experiments 2–3) and this, in turn, predicted higher goal setting (Experiment 3). Nostalgia assuages spatial anxiety during environmental navigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139061256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trait inferences from the “big two” produce gendered expectations of facial features 从 "两大特征 "推断出对面部特征的性别预期

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104585

Hayley A. Liebenow , Kathryn L. Boucher , Brittany S. Cassidy

{"title":"Trait inferences from the “big two” produce gendered expectations of facial features","authors":"Hayley A. Liebenow , Kathryn L. Boucher , Brittany S. Cassidy","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Prescriptive stereotypes based on, respectively, agency and communality reflect how people expect men and women to behave. Deviating from such prescriptions limits opportunities for men and women in ways that reinforce traditional gender roles. In the current work, we examine whether people have expectations of gendered facial features based on agentic and communal descriptions of targets and if these expectations extend to who people think is best suited for workplace tasks. Across five experiments, people expected more facial masculinity for targets paired with agentic relative to communal traits (Experiments 1, 2a-b) and workplace behaviors (Experiments 3a-b). This expectation effect emerged when gendered facial features (e.g., more masculinized and feminized versions of face identities) were manipulated across (Experiment 1) and within (Experiments 2a-b, 3a-b) gender, regardless of whether traits were explicitly stated (Experiments 1, 2a-b, 3a) or inferred (Experiment 3b), and regardless of trait valence. When people made decisions about two same-gender faces, the gender of those faces accentuated trait effects. More masculine male (relative to female) faces were consistently expected </span><em>more</em> for agentic traits and workplace tasks, but consistently expected <em>less</em> for communal traits and workplace tasks (Experiments 2a, 3a-b). We then conceptually replicated expectation effects by showing that mental representations of agentic and communal faces appear correspondingly gendered (Experiment 4). Finally, we provide exploratory analyses showing that expectation effects may differentially vary by perceiver gender across contexts. These findings illustrate a non-verbal route by which people make decisions based on gender stereotypes that have wide-ranging implications for workplace behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138887380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lower social class, better social skills? A registered report testing diverging predictions from the rank and cultural approaches to social class 社会阶层越低，社交能力越强？一份注册报告检验了社会阶层等级法和文化法的不同预测

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104577

Holly R. Engstrom, Kristin Laurin

{"title":"Lower social class, better social skills? A registered report testing diverging predictions from the rank and cultural approaches to social class","authors":"Holly R. Engstrom, Kristin Laurin","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Are people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) better than those with higher SES at empathic accuracy, or recognizing others' thoughts and feelings? Two psychological approaches to the study of SES say they are, but emphasize different reasons. The <em>rank approach</em> argues that because <em>individuals</em> with lower SES experience low rank, they feel less in control and more threatened by others, so it is more valuable for them to understand others' mental states. The <em>cultural approach</em> argues that because lower SES <em>cultures</em> foster more interdependent values, people steeped in those cultures focus more on others, leading them to better understand others' mental states. Previous tests of the basic hypothesis these two approaches share have yielded mixed evidence. This registered report uses a large-scale, nationally representative sample to accomplish two goals. First, it tests the basic shared hypothesis, finding that lower subjective rank, social class cultural group, and income—but not education—all predict better empathic accuracy. Second, it explores additional research questions, finding that subjective rank more strongly predicts empathic accuracy compared to SES cultural group (consistent with the rank approach), but childhood SES more strongly predicts empathic accuracy than adulthood SES (consistent with the cultural approach). Results regarding the moderating role of the valence of the mental state being recognized were not consistent. We conclude there is indeed a negative association between social class and empathic accuracy, and discuss the degree to which this is due to the psychology of rank and childhood cultural socialization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103123001348/pdfft?md5=0add0a2dd0aee71a8138b1df810d74c9&pid=1-s2.0-S0022103123001348-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138887354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of practice on automatic evaluation: A registered replication 练习对自动评估的影响注册复制

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104587

Anat Shechter , Mayan Navon , Yoav Bar-Anan

{"title":"The effect of practice on automatic evaluation: A registered replication","authors":"Anat Shechter , Mayan Navon , Yoav Bar-Anan","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A basic idea in cognitive science is that practicing a response can lead to the automatic activation of the response. </span><span>Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, and Kardes (1986)</span> tested that idea on the automatic activation of attitudes. In the experiment that Fazio et al. conducted, participants (<em>N</em> = 18) repeatedly categorized eight nouns as good/bad and eight nouns (the <em>control</em> words) as having one syllable or more. The measure of automatic activation of attitudes was evaluative priming: Participants categorized target adjectives as good/bad faster if their valence matched the valence of a prime noun that appeared before them. This priming effect was stronger for repeatedly evaluated words than for control words. Many have cited this article as evidence that practice automatizes evaluation, but the published research that followed focused on the evaluative priming effect, providing only one incidental and unsuccessful replication for the effect of practice on automatic evaluation. In light of the importance of this finding on the one hand, and the lack of a solid evidential basis for it on the other hand, we conducted three experiments that tested the effect of practice on evaluative priming effect. We attempted to directly replicate the original procedure in Experiments 1a and 1b (<em>N</em> = 108, 102, respectively), with Experiment 1b fixing an unintended prime-target contingency in Experiment 1a. Experiment 2 (<em>N</em> = 172) provided a conceptual replication with modified procedures. Practice in evaluation increased priming only in Experiment 1a. The inconsistent results prevent strong conclusions that practicing an evaluative response automates it, necessitating further research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139033387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0