Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献

Intentions versus outcomes: Determinants of costly third-party interventions in fairness maintenance 意图与结果：维护公平中昂贵的第三方干预的决定因素

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104838

Mei Chen , Ruqian Zhang , Yangzhuo Li , Jieqiong Liu , Xianchun Li

{"title":"Intentions versus outcomes: Determinants of costly third-party interventions in fairness maintenance","authors":"Mei Chen , Ruqian Zhang , Yangzhuo Li , Jieqiong Liu , Xianchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Third-party punishment (TPP) and third-party compensation (TPC) are two basic forms of intervention for maintaining fairness. We investigated whether third parties base their intervention on unfair outcomes, intentions, or both through four experiments using economic games and a single-paper meta-analysis. Participants were presented with monetary allocation scenarios designed to reflect different intention-outcome integrations, and then made punishment or compensation decisions. We found that when allocators had no control over the outcome (Experiment 1), TPC was driven solely by outcome fairness. When allocators had partial control (Experiments 2a and 2b), both intention and outcome had main effects on TPC without interaction. Furthermore, when receivers believed the allocator's intention was unfair (Experiment 3), the interaction of intention and outcome significantly affected TPC: intention played a significant role only when the outcome was unfair. The influence of intention and outcome on TPC was driven by third-party moral anger towards the allocators and compassion towards the receivers. In contrast, TPP was consistently shaped by the interaction between intention and outcome across all experiments, regardless of the allocator's control and the receiver's belief. Unfair outcome intensified the intention effect on punishment compared to fair outcome. This effect was driven by third-party compassion. These findings suggest that while third parties consistently integrate both intention and outcome in punishment, their focus on either factor in compensation is influenced by the allocator's control and the receiver's belief. This deepens our understanding of how and why third-party observers engage in third-party intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the basic six, static, and WERID: Exploring the range of emotions conveyed by facial expressions 除了基本的6个，静态的，和WERID：探索面部表情所传达的情感范围

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104836

Zhihe Pan , Hweemin Tan , Siqi Liu , Xia Fang

{"title":"Beyond the basic six, static, and WERID: Exploring the range of emotions conveyed by facial expressions","authors":"Zhihe Pan , Hweemin Tan , Siqi Liu , Xia Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the range of emotions conveyed through facial expressions has been a central focus of emotion research, yet most studies have concentrated on basic six emotions and static expressions within WEIRD populations. This research extends the scope by investigating how a wider range of emotions can be expressed through both dynamic and static facial expressions in a non-WEIRD context, specifically among Chinese individuals. In Experiment 1, we compiled a list of 536 emotion words based on previous research, from which 28 emotion words were carefully selected based on high typicality, low similarity (<em>N</em> = 61), and frequent association with facial expressions (<em>N</em> = 105). In Experiment 2, 64 Chinese participants posed facial expressions of these emotions, while an additional group of participants (<em>N</em> = 782) rated their perception of these expressions. Our findings revealed that 14 emotions were effectively conveyed through dynamic facial expressions, while 10 emotions were conveyed through static facial expressions. Notably, a dynamic advantage was observed in the recognition of 23 out of the 28 emotions, driven primarily by the dynamic features of the expressions rather than the specific facial configurations unique to dynamic expressions. These findings emphasize the importance of embracing diversity and considering a comprehensive range of dynamic facial expressions from non-WEIRD populations in future studies, ultimately advancing our understanding of emotion expression and perception.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104836"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Feedback to video stimuli: A novel paradigm for manipulating existential isolation 对视频刺激的反馈：一种操纵存在隔离的新范式

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104837

Matthew Espinosa, Cathy R. Cox

引用次数: 0

Generalization of rejection and acceptance in social networks 社交网络中拒绝和接受的泛化

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104834

Yi Zhang, Leor M. Hackel

{"title":"Generalization of rejection and acceptance in social networks","authors":"Yi Zhang, Leor M. Hackel","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social environments present opportunities for connection and resources, but they also involve the risk of rejection. How do people learn which individuals will reject or accept them upon entering a novel environment? Here, we propose a route to such learning: people use knowledge of relationships in social networks to infer who will be likely to accept or reject them. Previous research shows that people generalize trust from one individual to that individual's friends, yet it remains unclear whether rejection and acceptance experiences generalize in similar ways in social network contexts. We designed a novel experimental paradigm in which participants experienced rejection and acceptance within an artificial group, learned about network connections among group members, and decided which members to approach in a new task. Study 1 found that participants generalized rejection by avoiding individuals socially closer to a rejector and approaching those closer to an accepter, forming a gradient of avoidance and approach based on network distance. Study 2 further demonstrated stronger generalization when networks reflected friendship as opposed to randomly assigned ties, suggesting partner choices depend on explicit inferences about meaningful relationships rather than associative learning alone. Finally, in a longitudinal survey of student groups, Study 3 extended these findings to real-world social networks, revealing similar patterns of generalization in college student organizations. Together, our findings inform the cognitive processes that help humans successfully navigate social environments by adaptively forming new connections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Masculinity contest cultures lead to self-group distancing in women 男性竞争文化导致女性的自我群体距离

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104832

Jenny Veldman , Andrea C. Vial

{"title":"Masculinity contest cultures lead to self-group distancing in women","authors":"Jenny Veldman , Andrea C. Vial","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Past work has shown that personal experiences of gender discrimination are associated with a tendency among women to distance themselves from the gender ingroup. We propose that merely encountering workplace cultures with strong norms aligned with masculinity (i.e., a “masculinity contest culture,” or MCC) can produce a self-group distancing response. In four studies (total <em>n</em> = 3955) we demonstrate that MCCs devalue the female social identity, which undermines women's personal sense of status, leading them to self-group distance in these workplaces. In Study 1, women (not men) were more likely to conceal their gender in a workplace with strong (vs. weak) MCC and reported stronger self-group distancing. In Study 2, which included employees across industries that varied in MCCs, we found that MCC correlated with self-group distancing for women (not men), and lower personal status mediated this relationship. We further tested the causal chain in two experiments. In Study 3, participants perceived the female (vs. male) social identity as lower status in workplaces with strong (vs. weak/control) MCC, and ingroup status perceptions mediated the negative effect of MCC on personal status for women more strongly than men. In Study 4, experimentally elevating the status of the female social identity reduced the gender gap in self-group distancing via an increase in women's personal status. These findings illuminate how women's personal status in MCCs is strongly rooted in their gender ingroup status, and is a key mechanism whereby this subtle form of workplace bias triggers self-group distancing in women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104832"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dosage of deception: How frequency and type influence trust evaluations 欺骗的剂量：频率和类型如何影响信任评估

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104823

T. Bradford Bitterly

{"title":"The dosage of deception: How frequency and type influence trust evaluations","authors":"T. Bradford Bitterly","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leading negotiation scholars have recommended that individuals never lie to their counterpart. This advice is based on negotiations research that has examined the interpersonal costs of deception through studies where a target is categorized as being deceptive or honest without consideration of the relative frequency of the deception. For example, prior work has broadly categorized individuals who lie once in a single-issue negotiation and individuals who lie once in a five-issue negotiation as liars. Consequently, it is hard to disentangle how many of the theoretical and prescriptive claims pertain to using deception sparingly, frequently, or only being deceptive. Across five preregistered studies (<em>N</em> = 4003), I examine contexts where individuals negotiate over multiple issues and disentangle the effects of being sparingly, mostly, or exclusively deceptive. Examining diverse deception strategies (e.g., lies by commission, dodging, paltering, deflection), I find that the economic and interpersonal consequences of deception are significantly different depending on the relative frequency with which individuals use it, underscoring the need to not only understand the effects of deception, but also the dosage. Although individuals punish deception, they also reward honesty, and are forgiving of counterparts who use deception sparingly. Combined, these findings deepen our understanding of deception and trust and advance our theoretical and prescriptive understanding of negotiations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How diversity and disadvantage frames shape employee reactions to affirmative action: Social identity threat, stereotype threat, and fairness perceptions 多样性和劣势框架如何影响员工对平权行动的反应：社会身份威胁、刻板印象威胁和公平感知

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104831

Samantha M. Greig, Courtney von Hippel, Tyler Okimoto

{"title":"How diversity and disadvantage frames shape employee reactions to affirmative action: Social identity threat, stereotype threat, and fairness perceptions","authors":"Samantha M. Greig, Courtney von Hippel, Tyler Okimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many organizations invest in affirmative action strategies to address gender disparities in their workforce, aiming to enhance women's representation and advancement. Despite their potential benefits, research suggests these initiatives can encounter resistance due to perceptions of unfairness and stereotype-based assumptions that women have advanced due to preferential treatment rather than merit. This study examines whether gender-based affirmative action is more effectively justified by emphasizing organizational diversity or by highlighting the systemic disadvantages women face. Specifically, it investigates whether a disadvantage-based frame enhances perceptions of fairness and elicits positive responses; or instead triggers social identity threat and stereotype threat, prompting more negative responses. Using data from Australian employees, responses are analyzed through the lenses of social identity threat, stereotype threat, and fairness perceptions as explanatory mechanisms for outcomes including resentment toward affirmative action, self-efficacy in career progression, and policy support. Understanding how both beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respond to affirmative action is crucial for optimizing the effectiveness of these programs and improving career outcomes for women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104831"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Keeping the goal in sight and in mind: The association between visual attention and motivational mindsets among runners 保持目标在眼前和心中：跑步者的视觉注意力和动机心态之间的联系

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104822

Emily Balcetis, Jordan S. Daley, Bradley Tao, Bryce Lexow

{"title":"Keeping the goal in sight and in mind: The association between visual attention and motivational mindsets among runners","authors":"Emily Balcetis, Jordan S. Daley, Bradley Tao, Bryce Lexow","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals rely on a multitude of tools, including visual attention-based strategies, to self-regulate. We ask if attention itself serves as the regulatory strategy, or whether shifts in attentional scope shift the reliance on implemental and deliberative motivational mindsets. Runners self-reported how frequently they actually use or believe they should use narrow and wide attentional scope, as well as implemental and deliberative mindset, across progressive stages of runs. As runs progress, runners increasingly narrow their attentional scope but do not increasingly use implemental motivational mindset; they also decreasingly widen their attentional scope but do not decreasingly use deliberative mindset (Exploratory Study, Study 1, Study 2, Study 3). Attentional scope and motivational mindset changes diverged over time suggesting an independence between them. Moreover, experimentally induced changes in attentional scope failed to cause corresponding changes in motivational mindset (Study 4). Task difficulty, as assessed by arousal, differentially related to changes in attentional scope and motivational mindset, suggesting scope and mindset are not governed by the same underlying system (Study 3). Finally, faster and slower runners showed distinct patterns of prioritizing narrow attentional scope (Study 3), suggesting that attentional narrowing is not simply a uniform response to arousal. Across 5 studies, data suggest the independence of attentional scope and motivational mindsets in the context of running. We discuss implications for visual attention, mindset theory, and self-regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104822"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why do people choose extreme candidates? The role of identity relevance 为什么人们会选择极端的候选人？身份关联的作用

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104821

Mohamed A. Hussein , Zakary L. Tormala , S. Christian Wheeler

{"title":"Why do people choose extreme candidates? The role of identity relevance","authors":"Mohamed A. Hussein , Zakary L. Tormala , S. Christian Wheeler","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elected officials are increasingly extreme. Research trying to understand this trend has tended to focus on structural factors, such as primary elections and changes in the supply of candidates. Less emphasis has been placed on psychological perspectives. The current research advances such a perspective. Leveraging research on attitudes, we investigate when and why people prefer extreme over moderate candidates from their own party. We posit that the identity relevance of people's attitudes plays a key role. Specifically, we propose that identity relevance fosters attitude extremity, which in turn promotes a preference for extreme over moderate candidates. Across six main studies (<em>N =</em> 3136) using a variety of political issues, operationalizations of identity relevance, instantiations of candidate extremity, and experimental paradigms (including two studies with human-LLM interactions), we find support for this hypothesis. Our findings suggest that as attitudes become more identity relevant, they become more extreme, leading individuals to prefer extreme over moderate candidates from their party. These results shed light on when and why people prefer extreme over moderate candidates, contribute to a nascent literature on the identity relevance of people's attitudes, and advance our understanding of the antecedents and consequences of attitude extremity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 104821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluative conditioning with multiple unconditioned stimuli – Integration at judgment? 多重非条件刺激的评价条件作用-判断的整合？

IF 3.1 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104820

Florian Weber , Hans Alves , Tobias Vogel , Moritz Ingendahl

{"title":"Evaluative conditioning with multiple unconditioned stimuli – Integration at judgment?","authors":"Florian Weber , Hans Alves , Tobias Vogel , Moritz Ingendahl","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluative conditioning (EC), the change in the liking of a conditioned stimulus (CS) due to its pairing with a positive/negative unconditioned stimulus (US), is a central effect in attitude formation. While EC has been widely studied in social psychology for many years, research has only recently begun investigating EC in stimulus-rich situations with multiple simultaneously occurring USs. Initial evidence suggests that conditioned attitudes develop in such situations as if people compute the average valence from the different USs. However, the cognitive processes underlying this averaging are insufficiently understood, especially <em>when</em> they operate in the conditioning process – only at encoding or also at judgment. To test this, we conducted two preregistered experiments where CSs simultaneously appeared with multiple USs and the valence of some of the USs changed after the conditioning procedure. We found that attitudes toward the CSs shifted in line with the changes in US valence, implying integration at judgment. Furthermore, our results confirm that valence integration of multiple USs still follows an averaging pattern, even when some USs change their valence after the initial pairing. Our research reveals key insights into information integration processes in EC, demonstrating that a simple averaging rule predicts conditioned attitudes from complex stimulus arrangements even in situations where affective stimuli change in valence throughout time. Furthermore, this implies that conditioned attitudes are flexibly constructed on the spot by retrieving and averaging the most recent valence information from previously paired attitude objects, showing the adaptivity of conditioned attitudes to new informational input.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 104820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144906957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0