Journal of Experimental Social Psychology最新文献

Choice availability and incentive structure determine how people cope with ostracism

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104707

Anneloes Kip, Thorsten M. Erle, Willem W.A. Sleegers, Ilja van Beest

{"title":"Choice availability and incentive structure determine how people cope with ostracism","authors":"Anneloes Kip, Thorsten M. Erle, Willem W.A. Sleegers, Ilja van Beest","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104707","url":null,"abstract":"People vary greatly in their responses to being ignored and excluded by others (i.e., ostracism). Based on previous research, responses to ostracism are typically classified as prosocial, antisocial, and withdrawal behavior. However, studying these behaviors in isolation can limit our understanding of the decision-making process behind these behaviors. Offering multiple response options provides deeper insights into response preferences. Additionally, using a cost-benefit approach to assess behavioral outcomes provides a useful framework for understanding response preferences beyond the mere availability of choices. In five pre-registered experiments (total <ce:italic>N</ce:italic> = 2145), we manipulated the availability of choice options and incentive structure of different behavioral responses towards the source of ostracism. Our findings reveal that when all options were equally non-costly, ostracized individuals preferred prosocial behaviors (Studies 1–3). When withdrawal offered solitude rather than inactivity, it became just as likely as prosocial responses (Study 4). Despite the potential risk of losing future rewards, withdrawal even became the dominant choice when prosocial and antisocial options incurred immediate costs (Study 5). These findings show how experimental changes can shift the perceived meaning of responses. Overall, our work highlights the importance of considering both choice variety and a cost-benefit framework in understanding coping behaviors in social exclusion research.","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI as a companion or a tool? Nostalgia promotes embracing AI technology with a relational use

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104711

Jianning Dang, Constantine Sedikides, Tim Wildschut, Li Liu

{"title":"AI as a companion or a tool? Nostalgia promotes embracing AI technology with a relational use","authors":"Jianning Dang, Constantine Sedikides, Tim Wildschut, Li Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104711","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has indicated that nostalgia is associated with, or fosters, favorable responses to innovative technology and in particular artificial intelligence (AI). However, prior studies failed to differentiate between the relational and functional uses of AI agents, resulting in an incomplete understanding of the role that nostalgia plays in facilitating acceptance of innovation. The current research seeks to fill this gap. We hypothesized that nostalgia is associated with, or engenders, more favorable responses to AI agents used for relational purposes (i.e., as companions) than functional purposes (i.e., as tools for task completion). We obtained support for this moderation model in three preregistered studies (Σ<ce:italic>N</ce:italic> = 1100). Nostalgia was associated with (Study 1) or increased (Studies 2 and 3) favorability toward AI agents with a relational, but not functional, use. This pattern was due to the stronger role of nostalgia-induced social connectedness in predicting favorable responses to AI agents with a relational (vs. functional) use (Study 3). We discuss implications for the human-technology interaction.","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

It is not only whether I approach but also why I approach: A registered report on the role of action framing in approach/avoidance training effects

IF 3.5 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104697

Marine Rougier, Mathias Schmitz, Ivane Nuel, Marie-Pierre Fayant, Baptiste Subra, Theodore Alexopoulos, Vincent Yzerbyt

{"title":"It is not only whether I approach but also why I approach: A registered report on the role of action framing in approach/avoidance training effects","authors":"Marine Rougier, Mathias Schmitz, Ivane Nuel, Marie-Pierre Fayant, Baptiste Subra, Theodore Alexopoulos, Vincent Yzerbyt","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104697","url":null,"abstract":"Research on approach/avoidance training (AAT) effects shows that approach (i.e., reducing the distance between the self and a stimulus) leads to more positive evaluations of stimuli than avoidance (i.e., increasing the distance between the self and a stimulus). The present experiments relied on a grounded cognition approach to extend this finding by investigating the framing-dependency of AAT effects on facial representations of target stimuli. In a Preliminary Experiment, using antagonistic types of approach (affiliative vs. aggressive) and a reverse correlation paradigm, we found that approach led to more positive facial representations than avoidance when approach was portrayed as affiliative, but this effect decreased and tended to reverse (i.e., yielding more negative facial representations) when approach was portrayed as aggressive. Two registered experiments extended these results while also addressing important limitations of the Preliminary Experiment. First, to prevent any contrast emerging from the joint use of approach and avoidance, Experiment 1 isolated the unique effects of affiliative approach, aggressive approach, and avoidance compared to a control action. We also explored whether aggressive approach and avoidance (two negatively valenced yet distinct actions) produced negative effects characterized by divergent outcomes on facial features (e.g., weak vs. dominant). Second, Experiment 2 tested the importance of the experiential component of approach/avoidance actions by comparing the AAT with a mere instructions condition. Results of Experiments 1 and 2 proved consistent with a framing-dependency of AAT effects. Unveiling the framing-dependency of AAT effects challenges some of the current theoretical views on AAT effects.","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

People reward others based on their willingness to exert effort 人们根据他人付出努力的意愿给予奖励

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104699

Yang Xiang , Jenna Landy , Fiery A. Cushman , Natalia Vélez , Samuel J. Gershman

{"title":"People reward others based on their willingness to exert effort","authors":"Yang Xiang , Jenna Landy , Fiery A. Cushman , Natalia Vélez , Samuel J. Gershman","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individual contributors to a collaborative task are often rewarded for going above and beyond—salespeople earn commissions, athletes earn performance bonuses, and companies award special parking spots to their employee of the month. How do we decide when to reward collaborators, and are these decisions closely aligned with how responsible they were for the outcome of a collaboration? In Experiments 1a and 1b (<span><math><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>360</mn></math></span>), we tested how participants give bonuses, using stimuli and an experiment design that has previously been used to elicit responsibility judgments (<span><span>Xiang et al., 2023a</span></span>). Past work has found that responsibility judgments are driven both by how much effort people actually contributed and how much they could have contributed (<span><span>Xiang et al., 2023a</span></span>). In contrast, here we found that participants allocated bonuses based <em>only</em> on how much effort agents actually contributed. In Experiments 2a and 2b (<span><math><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>358</mn></math></span>), we introduced agents who were instructed to exert a particular level of effort; participants still rewarded effort, but their rewards were more sensitive to the precise level of effort exerted when the agents decided how much effort to exert. Together, these findings suggest that people reward collaborators based on their <em>willingness</em> to exert effort, and point to a difference between decisions about how to assign responsibility to collaborators and how to incentivize them. One possible explanation for this difference is that responsibility judgments may reflect causal inference about past collaborations, whereas providing incentives may motivate collaborators to keep exerting effort in the future. Our work sheds light on the cognitive capacities that underlie collaboration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Black racial phenotypicality: Implications for the #BlackLivesMatter Movement 黑人种族表型：对 #BlackLivesMatter 运动的影响

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104696

Maire L. O'Hagan, Samantha R. Pejic, Jason C. Deska

{"title":"Black racial phenotypicality: Implications for the #BlackLivesMatter Movement","authors":"Maire L. O'Hagan, Samantha R. Pejic, Jason C. Deska","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black individuals with phenotypically African features tend to experience heightened discrimination and mistreatment. The current research examined how racial phenotypicality and prototypicality effect hate crime reporting metrics and beliefs about who evaluators are represented #BlackLivesMatter. Across five studies (<em>N</em> = 876), results indicate that, compared to low racially phenotypic Black targets, high phenotypic targets were seen as more represented by #BlackLivesMatter (Study 1). When depicted as being the victim of a hate crime, high phenotypic targets were deemed more credible and that it was more appropriate for them to report their victimization on the #BlackLivesMatter website compared to their low phenotypic counterparts by White (Study 2a and 2c) and Black participants (Study 2b and 2c). Black (Study 2b and 2c) and White (Study 3) participants showed differences in perceptions of harm following hate crime victimization. Study 3 extended these findings to a separate manipulation of prototypicality and used a more ecologically valid context. These findings provide support for the problematic exclusivity of narrow prototypes by demonstrating their effect on beliefs about who social justice movements represent, and how they influence beliefs about victim reporting metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Certainty improves the predictive validity of Honesty-Humility and Dark Triad traits on cheating behavior 确定性提高了 "诚实-谦逊 "和 "黑暗三合会 "特质对作弊行为的预测效力

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104694

David Santos , Arsham Ghodsinia , Blanca Requero , Dilney Gonçalves , Pablo Briñol , Richard E. Petty

引用次数: 0

Narcissistic vigilance to status cues 自恋者对地位线索的警惕性

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104688

Breanna E. Atkinson, Erin A. Heerey

{"title":"Narcissistic vigilance to status cues","authors":"Breanna E. Atkinson, Erin A. Heerey","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans often take decisive action to influence their social environments, including their own position within a social hierarchy. Those who are highly motivated by status attainment may be especially prone to such activity. Here, we ask whether desire for social status contributes to the early detection of social stimuli, and more specifically, whether it plays a role in which environmental stimuli are consciously detected. We used a Rapid Serial Visual Presentation task to examine vigilance to status-relevant versus non-status-relevant stimuli, and asked whether measure of narcissism, a personality trait strongly associated with a drive for status attainment, moderated people's task responses. Results showed that when task stimuli were status relevant, self-reported narcissism moderated stimulus processing such that as participants reported higher levels of narcissism, the likelihood that they would recognize these rapidly presented words increased if they were status relevant, but not if the stimuli were non-status-relevant. These results suggest that the motivations that underpin personality traits, for example the drive to seek social status associated with narcissism, may play a formative role in the early processing and detection of social stimuli, thereby shaping people's social behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Avoidance of altruistic punishment: Testing with a situation-selective third-party punishment game 避免利他主义惩罚：用情境选择性第三方惩罚游戏进行测试

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104695

Kodai Mitsuishi, Yuta Kawamura

{"title":"Avoidance of altruistic punishment: Testing with a situation-selective third-party punishment game","authors":"Kodai Mitsuishi, Yuta Kawamura","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Third-party punishment games have consistently shown that people are willing to bear personal costs to punish others who act selfishly, even as uninvolved observers. However, the traditional third-party punishment game places participants in contrived situations that mandate direct punishment decisions, potentially inflating the prevalence of such actions compared to those observed in more naturalistic settings. In light of this obligatory nature, one might speculate that if given the autonomy to step aside, people could be inclined to forgo punishment rather than penalize unfairness. The present study developed the Situation-Selective Third-Party Punishment Game (SS-TPPG), an experimental paradigm, to investigate whether avoidance of witnessing unfairness stems from a reluctance to make punitive decisions or a desire to avoid observing unfairness altogether. Three studies (total <em>N</em> = 810) consistently revealed that avoidance was driven by both a reluctance to witness unfair treatment and an aversion to administering punishments. Notably, participants who typically avoided observing unfair treatment were inclined to punish when forced to observe it. Furthermore, when given the opportunity to punish indirectly, participants were less likely to avoid observing unfair distributions. These results suggest that the elevated instances of direct punishment noted in the traditional third-party punishment game might be reflective of the game's structure, which constrains participants' ability to avoid witnessing unfair distributions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A colorblind ideal and the motivation to improve intergroup relations: The role of an (in)congruent status quo 色盲理想与改善群体间关系的动机：不一致现状的作用

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104693

Jessica Gale , Kumar Yogeeswaran

{"title":"A colorblind ideal and the motivation to improve intergroup relations: The role of an (in)congruent status quo","authors":"Jessica Gale , Kumar Yogeeswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social psychologists have long debated the meaning of treating people as unique individuals for intergroup relations, as empirical evidence on the topic has been rather mixed. In the present research, we examine a normative explanation for this mixed evidence by focusing on colorblindness as an ideal for managing diversity that suggests people should be treated as individuals independently of their group membership. To do so, we contrast colorblindness as a utopian, future-oriented ideal based on individual justice principles from a descriptive observation of society's current functioning (the status quo; i.e., one's point of reference reflecting whether people are <em>currently</em> treated by virtue of their individual characteristics versus group membership). We argue that endorsing a colorblind ideal should be associated with a motivation to improve intergroup relations specifically when people are currently perceived to be treated according to their group membership (incongruent status quo) instead of as individuals (congruent status quo). Four studies and a preliminary study (3 pre-registered; <em>N</em> = 2049) support this hypothesis, using a measure, experimental manipulations, and a quasi-experimental manipulation of an individual- vs. group-focused status quo, three indexes for the motivation to improve intergroup relations, as well as an internal meta-analysis. Results suggest that, despite widespread claims that colorblindness is at the root of group-based tensions and disparities, endorsing such an ideal can be understood as either perpetuating or working to improve such issues, depending on its (in)congruity with the (perceived) status quo. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender categorization and memory in transgender and cisgender people 变性人和同性人的性别分类与记忆

IF 3.2 2区心理学

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104691

Natalie M. Gallagher , Emily Foster-Hanson , Kristina R. Olson

{"title":"Gender categorization and memory in transgender and cisgender people","authors":"Natalie M. Gallagher , Emily Foster-Hanson , Kristina R. Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gender categorization is central to everyday life. Discussions about gender have traditionally focused on <em>gender identities</em>, or gender categories to which a person might have an internal sense of belonging (e.g., men and women, boys and girls). More recently, discussions about gender also include <em>gender modality</em> (transgender or cisgender), or how a person's gender identity relates to their sex assigned at birth. In this registered report, we investigate gender-relevant categorization including gender identity and gender modality using measures assessing the automatic encoding of categories and explicit beliefs about the similarity between categories. We also compare performance on these tasks in transgender and cisgender youth and adults to help shed light on long-standing debates about the role of experience in categorization. Across two studies (<em>N</em> = 1144), we found that participants automatically encoded both gender identity and gender modality, and that variations in categorization between participant groups were largely mediated by participants' attitudes (i.e., openness to nonbinary identities) and experiences (i.e., contact with trans people). These results thus help refine our psychological theories of gender categorization to more accurately reflect the landscape of gender categories permeating modern society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48441,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Social Psychology","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 104691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0