{"title":"Barriers to Childhood Immunization in Rural and Remote Areas: A Qualitative Exploration From the Perspectives of Community Leaders in Sindh, Pakistan.","authors":"Sundeep Sahitia, Idayu Badilla Idris, Nazarudin Safian, Rozina F Ali, Khadijah Shamsuddin, Rozita Hod","doi":"10.1177/10497323241263279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241263279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite overall improvements observed at the national level, there is a significant disparity in childhood vaccination coverage rates between urban and rural regions, particularly within tribal and remote areas in Pakistan. Our study aimed to explore the views of community/tribal leaders concerning barriers and their local solutions for improving vaccine uptake, with a specific focus on remote settings. An exploratory qualitative research study was conducted from July to September 2019 in Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan. We interviewed 11 community leaders, after developing a semi-structured interview guide based on the health belief model. Following validation, the collected data was transcribed and subsequently translated into the English language. A stepwise process of manual familiarization, coding, theme generation, and theme review using an inductive approach was followed. While most of the rural community leaders expressed a willingness to support vaccinations, numerous unexplored barriers were identified. These barriers included an unsustainable communication system heavily dependent on polio mobile teams, discourteous behavior of healthcare personnel, cultural restrictions that limited women's involvement, economic hardships, limited transportation options, insufficient collaboration with the education sector, poor knowledge among community leaders, and security concerns. Additionally, they proposed some innovative solutions of information dissemination methods through the Ottaque system, ethics-based training, subsidized transportation services or voucher system, and addressing security concerns in collaboration with community leaders. Our findings suggest policymakers take both community leaders and members for an inclusive policy-making process to redraft the special policy for these remote and rural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melanie Joshi, Guðlaug Helga Ásgeirsdóttir, Miša Bakan, Hana Kodba Čeh, Dagny Renata Faksvåg Haugen, Urška Lunder, Eva Víbora Martín, Beth Morris, Birgit H Rasmussen, Elisabeth Romarheim, Vilma Tripodoro, Agnes van der Heide, Verónica Veloso, Berivan Yildiz, Sofía Zambrano, Julia Strupp, Raymond Voltz
{"title":"Dealing With Temporality in Patients With Life-Limiting Disease: An International Qualitative Study.","authors":"Melanie Joshi, Guðlaug Helga Ásgeirsdóttir, Miša Bakan, Hana Kodba Čeh, Dagny Renata Faksvåg Haugen, Urška Lunder, Eva Víbora Martín, Beth Morris, Birgit H Rasmussen, Elisabeth Romarheim, Vilma Tripodoro, Agnes van der Heide, Verónica Veloso, Berivan Yildiz, Sofía Zambrano, Julia Strupp, Raymond Voltz","doi":"10.1177/10497323241263751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241263751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prospect of death influences people's thoughts about and how they deal with their remaining time. We aimed to understand whether patients with progressive, life-limiting diseases are oriented in the past, present, or future and how they deal with temporality. We conducted 57 in-depth interviews with end-of-life patients in 10 countries using thematic analysis at three levels (i.e., locally in three countries, with codes shared in the three-country subgroup, and in all 10 countries with a codebook that we developed). We found that the patients' thoughts were oriented toward all three time levels (i.e., past, present, and future). Complementing these levels, we identified another, namely, the future after death. Each time level included patients actively and passively dealing with their thoughts. Past themes were <i>remorse and regret</i>, <i>nostalgia</i>, and <i>coming to terms with past choices</i>; present themes were <i>feeling grateful for being alive</i>, <i>a time for farewells</i>, and <i>living for the day</i>; future themes were <i>worries about the future</i>, <i>to miss out</i>, <i>hope</i>, <i>ideas about death and dying</i>, and <i>planning the near future</i>; and future after death themes were <i>not being there</i>, <i>worries about loved ones</i>, and <i>preparations for a future after death</i>. A <i>changed view on lifetime</i> and <i>avoidance of thinking about a certain time level</i> related to several time levels, while <i>desire to die</i> fluctuated between levels and between acting on and feeling about it. <i>Living for the day, worries about the future</i>, and <i>worries about the well-being of loved ones</i> were common themes in all countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Mei Yin Cheung, Sophie Lewis, Revati Raja, Karen Willis, Leslie Dubbin, Anne Rogers, Maja Lindegaard Moensted, Lorraine Smith
{"title":"Disruption and Improvisation: Experiences of Loneliness for People With Chronic Illness.","authors":"Melissa Mei Yin Cheung, Sophie Lewis, Revati Raja, Karen Willis, Leslie Dubbin, Anne Rogers, Maja Lindegaard Moensted, Lorraine Smith","doi":"10.1177/10497323241265329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241265329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic illness can disrupt many aspects of life, including identity, social relationships, and anticipated life trajectories. Despite significant scholarship on chronic illness, we know less about the ways in which chronic illness impacts feelings of loneliness and how people with chronic illness deal with loneliness. Drawing on concepts of biographical disruption and liminality and data from walking and photo-elicitation interviews with 14 people, we aimed to explore how people with chronic illness experience loneliness in their everyday lives. Tracing how past and present illness experiences are implicated in the lived experience of loneliness and the strategies people use to manage loneliness, our findings illustrated that being caught in a liminal state where participants struggled to maintain and adapt to a new normality in life with chronic illness was a central thread woven throughout their experience of loneliness. Although participants drew on their personal agency and adopted strategies to account for, manage, and limit disruptions from chronic illness and loneliness, they found that their strategies were not completely effective or satisfactory. Chronic illness and loneliness continue to be largely considered as an individual's problem, limiting opportunities for people with chronic illness who experience loneliness to seek support and social connection. Our research highlighted that chronic illness and loneliness need to be acknowledged as both a personal and collective problem, with multi-level responses that involve individuals, communities, and society.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142074252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aeysha Chaudhry, Jennifer Hebert-Beirne, Edward J Alessi, Maya Z Khuzam, Uchechi Mitchell, Yamile Molina, Dhuha Wasfie, Samara Fox, Sarah Abboud
{"title":"Exploring the Health Impact of Intersectional Minority Identity Stressors on Arab Sexual Minority Women Migrants to the United States.","authors":"Aeysha Chaudhry, Jennifer Hebert-Beirne, Edward J Alessi, Maya Z Khuzam, Uchechi Mitchell, Yamile Molina, Dhuha Wasfie, Samara Fox, Sarah Abboud","doi":"10.1177/10497323241265288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241265288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using an intersectionality lens and the minority stress theory as our theoretical grounding, this qualitative study is the first to examine the mental health of Arab sexual minority women (SMW) migrants to the United States. The study aimed to (1) explore the perceptions and experiences of intersectional minority identity-related life stressors and (2) discern their impact on the mental health of first-generation Arab SMW migrants. From December 2022 to March 2023, we conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with Arab SMW migrants. Guided by principles of community engagement in research, four community advisors, including three Arab SMW migrants and a mental health service provider, assisted in mock interviews, recruitment, and data analysis. This enriched our thematic analysis providing a nuanced understanding of Arab SMW migrant experiences. Participants reflected diverse nationalities, socioeconomic statuses, and religions and identified as lesbian, bisexual, or queer. Our sample included asylum seekers, documented migrants, and non-binary individuals (assigned female at birth). Findings revealed three major themes: (1) Community- and Interpersonal-Level Stressors, (2) Strategies for Coping with Stressors, and (3) Impact of Intersectional Life Stressors on Mental Health. Community- and interpersonal-level stressors included challenges navigating migration-related stressors, rejection and discrimination from the Arab, queer, and dominant-group (i.e., non-Arab, non-White) communities, and experiences of invalidation of their intersectional identities. Coping mechanisms included avoidance, identity concealment, and seeking social support. Participants reported various mental health impacts, from anxiety, depression to suicidal thoughts, emphasizing the urgency for tailored interventions. Participants called for the development of support groups specifically for Arab SMW migrants.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142019133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Traces of Cancer: A Metaphorical Understanding of the Experiences of Women Living Beyond Breast Cancer.","authors":"Alexandra Guité-Verret, Mélanie Vachon","doi":"10.1177/10497323241242054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241242054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study feeds into ongoing discussions on the metaphors used by cancer patients. Its aim is to explore how women living with a history of breast cancer use metaphors to express and interpret the experience of cancer remission. Data were collected in interviews designed to capture a rich and metaphorical description of participants' experiences with breast cancer and what these experiences mean to them. Ten participants were recruited. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the participants' narratives highlighted a central metaphor: the cancer trace in one's life. The participants had to adapt to four specific traces of cancer: (1) the identity trace, (2) the existential trace, (3) the bodily trace, and (4) the narrative trace. We discuss how cancer challenges one's sense of biographical continuity and initiates a search for a new way of being. We also discuss how the metaphor of the trace differs from the metaphor of the cancer hero living without any trace of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142001076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edna N Bosire, Linda Khakali, Jasmit Shah, Lucy Wambui, Andrew Aballa, Willie Njoroge, Anthony Ngugi, Zul Merali
{"title":"Conceptualizing Community Engagement for Mental and Brain Health Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Case of Kilifi County, Kenya.","authors":"Edna N Bosire, Linda Khakali, Jasmit Shah, Lucy Wambui, Andrew Aballa, Willie Njoroge, Anthony Ngugi, Zul Merali","doi":"10.1177/10497323241255084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241255084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community engagement (CE) has increasingly been recognized as a critical element for successful health promotion and intervention programs. However, the term CE has been used to mean different things in different settings. In this article, we explore how CE has been conceptualized in the field of mental and brain health in Kilifi County, Kenya. We used ethnographic methods encompassing focused group discussions, key informant interviews, and observations with 65 participants, purposively recruited from Kilifi County. Data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Our findings show that community members and stakeholders had diverse perceptions of and experiences with CE. Factors such as trust between researchers and community members, sensitization, and awareness creation were key for acceptance of research projects. Partial involvement in research, lack of access to information, poverty and socio-economic challenges, and financial expectations from researchers hindered CE and led to resistance to participation in research projects. For effective CE, there is a need to work closely with community gatekeepers, create awareness of the research projects, use local languages, and ensure continuous engagement that promotes equitable research participation. Our findings suggest that tacit knowledge, context, and mechanisms for research are all critical features of CE and should be considered to enhance acceptance and sustainability of mental and brain health interventions in Kenya.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142005596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conceptualizing Symptom Invalidation as Experienced by Patients With Endometriosis.","authors":"Allyson C Bontempo","doi":"10.1177/10497323241253418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241253418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this paper is to provide foundational work to standardize the conceptual definition of what I refer to as <i>symptom invalidation</i> by using invalidating environments and illness representations as guiding conceptual frameworks. Mixed deductive-inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze survey responses to an open-ended question gauging an invalidating interaction patients experienced with a clinician among 1038 patients with endometriosis. Dissimilarity in illness representations between patients and clinicians, as perceived by patients, occurred with feelings of invalidation. Invalidation was experienced in relationship to all identified domains of illness representations including how clinicians communicated the diagnosis (<i>identity label</i>), the internal (<i>internal cause</i>) and/or external (<i>external cause</i>) nature of the cause, clinicians' understanding of the timeline (<i>timeline</i>) and consequences (<i>consequences</i>), and clinicians' understanding of control over the symptoms via the efficacy of patients (<i>self-efficacy</i>) and coping procedures (<i>response efficacy</i>). Inductive analysis revealed invalidation can also be related to how clinicians communicate judgments of whether patients are presenting with ulterior motives (<i>secondary gains</i>). Clinicians' actions appear to compound experiences of invalidation by not having symptoms investigated (<i>investigative experiences</i>). Invalidating environments and illness representations serve as effective conceptual frameworks for providing a conceptual definition of symptom invalidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Jo Connor, Kalthum Abdikeir, Nicole Chaisson, Sonya S Brady, Muzi Chen, Cawo Abdi, Munira Salad, Crista E Johnson-Agbakwu, Intisar Hussein, Foos Afey, Shannon Pergament, Beatrice Bean E Robinson
{"title":"Discerning Deinfibulation: Impact of Personal, Professional, and Familial Influences on Decision-Making.","authors":"Jennifer Jo Connor, Kalthum Abdikeir, Nicole Chaisson, Sonya S Brady, Muzi Chen, Cawo Abdi, Munira Salad, Crista E Johnson-Agbakwu, Intisar Hussein, Foos Afey, Shannon Pergament, Beatrice Bean E Robinson","doi":"10.1177/10497323241257094","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10497323241257094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past decades have seen large numbers of Somali women migrate across the globe. It is critical for healthcare workers in host countries to understand healthcare needs of Somali women. The majority of Somali female migrants experience female genital cutting (FGC). The most common type in Somalia is Type 3 or infibulation, the narrowing of the vaginal introitus. Deinfibulation opens the introitus to reduce poor health outcomes and/or allow for vaginal births. In this study, we explored the perspectives of Somali women living in the United States about deinfibulation. We recruited 75 Somali women who had experienced FGC through community-based participatory research methods. Bilingual community researchers conducted qualitative interviews in Somali or English. University faculty and community-based researchers coded data together in a participatory-analysis process. We identified four themes. (1) Personal Views: participants reported positive attitudes toward deinfibulation and varied on the appropriateness of deinfibulation before marriage. (2) Benefits: identified benefits included alleviation of health problems; improved sexual health, in particular reduction or prevention of sexual pain; and reclamation of body and womanhood. (3) Barriers: these included associated stigma and lack of knowledge by providers. (4) Decision-Making: most reported that husbands, healthcare providers, and elder female community members may provide advice about if and/or when to seek deinfibulation, though some felt deinfibulation decisions are solely up to the impacted woman. An ecological framework is used to frame the findings and identify the importance of healthcare workers in assisting women who have been infibulated make decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David P Meharg, Sarah M Dennis, Justin McNab, Kylie G Gwynne, Christine R Jenkins, Graeme P Maguire, Stephen Jan, Tim Shaw, Zoe McKeough, Boe Rambaldini, Vanessa Lee, Debbie McCowen, Jamie Newman, Hayley Longbottom, Sandra Eades, Jennifer A Alison
{"title":"A Qualitative Study of Aboriginal Peoples' Health Care Experiences With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"David P Meharg, Sarah M Dennis, Justin McNab, Kylie G Gwynne, Christine R Jenkins, Graeme P Maguire, Stephen Jan, Tim Shaw, Zoe McKeough, Boe Rambaldini, Vanessa Lee, Debbie McCowen, Jamie Newman, Hayley Longbottom, Sandra Eades, Jennifer A Alison","doi":"10.1177/10497323241259891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241259891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aboriginal Australians experience a high prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with high rates of potentially preventable hospitalisations. However, little is known about Aboriginal peoples' experiences of living with COPD and how they navigate health care systems. This study used thematic analysis and Aboriginal methodology to explore Aboriginal peoples' lived experiences of COPD, their health care journey from receiving a diagnosis of COPD to the clinical management, and the impact of COPD on their daily lives. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews over a 6-month period with 18 Aboriginal adults diagnosed with COPD from four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services (ACCHS) in New South Wales, Australia. Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to ensure rigour. The findings revealed deeply personal and reflective stories shaped by historical, social, and cultural realities of Aboriginal peoples living with COPD. Four themes were identified characterising their experiences. Based on the findings, the following guidance is provided on future COPD care for Aboriginal peoples: Better alignment of existing COPD management with Aboriginal peoples' cultural contexts and perspectives to improve access to culturally safe care; Increased funding for ACCHS to enhance COPD management, such as early detection through case finding and access to ACCHS-led pulmonary rehabilitation; Engaging family members in COPD management and providing culturally centred COPD education that facilitates discussions and builds health literacy and self-management skills; Implementing health promotion initiatives to increase awareness and counteract fear and shame to improve early COPD detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sero-Kinship: How Young People Living With HIV/AIDS Survive in Southeast Nigeria.","authors":"Elochukwu Ernest Uzim, Ijeoma Igwe, Po-Han Lee","doi":"10.1177/10497323241254256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10497323241254256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on the lived experiences of HIV survivors, including young people living with HIV, has primarily emphasized broader sociocultural concerns, such as stigmatization and cultural attitudes toward sexuality and gender, while giving less attention to the interconnectedness of these issues with the mental well-being of those affected by the illness. This study, drawing on relational ethnography including observations and interviews at four antiretroviral-administering healthcare facilities in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria, explores how young people living with HIV strive toward viral suppression and how they develop collaborative psychosocial support along with the global efforts in eradicating the HIV epidemic. We found that, in and between themselves, young people living with HIV weave for themselves a network of relationships, though discreetly, to foster and encourage survivorship. Such relatedness, where mutual trust and support have emerged and rebuilt HIV survivors' faith in a livable life, forms what we conceptualize as \"sero-kinship.\" That is, sero-kinship, which focuses on how people create and change meanings in their everyday lives that ultimately contribute to controlling HIV and treatment management, forms an essential foundation on which a life with HIV becomes thinkable, bearable, then manageable, and acceptable.</p>","PeriodicalId":48437,"journal":{"name":"Qualitative Health Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}