Rafael Wilms , Nicolas Bastardoz , Clara Seif el Dahan , Philippe Jacquart
{"title":"Are we on the same page? Leader-follower value congruence as a boundary condition in the emergence of charismatic effects","authors":"Rafael Wilms , Nicolas Bastardoz , Clara Seif el Dahan , Philippe Jacquart","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the emergence of the charismatic effect, the leader–follower value congruence assumption posits that the charisma signal creates a charismatic effect for followers who have congruent values with the leader but may repel followers with incongruent values. Whereas this assumption is a central pillar of charisma signaling, it has not been causally tested. We theorize the charisma signal, leader–follower value congruence, and their interaction as predictors of the charismatic effect (i.e., perceived leader charisma, prototypicality, and effectiveness). In three preregistered experiments, we manipulate the charisma signal and communicated leader values by relying on video-recorded speeches and measure follower values beforehand. We operationalize leader–follower value congruence as the degree to which communicated leader values and measured follower values match. Study 1 showed mixed results for the leader–follower value congruence assumption, whereas Studies 2 and 3 – using polarized rhetoric – fully support it. We found some evidence that value congruence moderates the charisma signal–charismatic effect relationship, such that the relationship becomes stronger (weaker) with more value congruence (incongruence) in Studies 1 and 3 (but not in Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications as well as limitations are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 101839"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daria Naieli Hernandez Ibar , Anna Topakas , Samuel Farley, Jeremy Dawson
{"title":"Does it matter how I behave before I step into the leader role? Intrapersonal behavioral shift in temporary leadership role transition and its effect on perceived leadership effectiveness","authors":"Daria Naieli Hernandez Ibar , Anna Topakas , Samuel Farley, Jeremy Dawson","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although leader behavioral adaptability is generally considered a strength, there may be situations where large abrupt changes in behavior diminish perceptions of leadership effectiveness. We argue that in teams with rotating leadership, within-person behavioral shift in relationship- and task-oriented behaviors when transitioning from a nonleader to a leader role will negatively influence follower perceptions of leadership effectiveness. We also contend that this effect is stronger when teams receive behavior-focused training, and are thus more attuned to others’ behaviors. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a randomized controlled intervention study with 183 student teams. Results from multilevel polynomial regression analysis on the overall sample showed that a substantial shift in relationship-oriented behaviors negatively affected perceived leadership effectiveness, while the corresponding effect for task-oriented behaviors was not significant. While the predicted pattern of relationships was not found in the two subgroups, in control group teams an increase in task-oriented, or a decrease in relationship-oriented behaviors, by leaders following role transition was generally viewed positively, which was not the case for intervention teams. Implications of these findings for research, theory and practice are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 101844"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The choice of control variables in empirical management research: How causal diagrams can inform the decision","authors":"Paul Hünermund , Beyers Louw , Mikko Rönkkö","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Leadership Quarterly and the management community more broadly prioritize identifying causal relationships to inform effective leadership practices. Despite the availability of more refined causal identification strategies, such as instrumental variables or natural experiments, control variables remain a common strategy in leadership research. The current literature generally agrees that control variables should be chosen based on theory and that these choices should be reported transparently. However, the literature provides little guidance on how specifically potential controls can be identified, how many control variables should be used, and whether a potential control variable should be included. Consequently, the current empirical literature is not fully transparent on how controls are selected and may be contaminated with bad controls that compromise causal inference. Causal diagrams provide a transparent framework to address these issues. This article introduces causal diagrams for leadership and management researchers and presents a workflow for finding an appropriate set of control variables.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"36 2","pages":"Article 101845"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jost Sieweke , Tanja Hentschel , Brooke A. Gazdag , Levke Henningsen
{"title":"The business case for demographic diversity in strategic leadership teams: A systematic and critical review of the causal evidence","authors":"Jost Sieweke , Tanja Hentschel , Brooke A. Gazdag , Levke Henningsen","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demographic diversity (e.g., gender, age, race, ethnicity) in strategic leadership teams (i.e., boards of directors and top management teams) has received global attention recently. Policymakers have promoted diversity policies by citing the “business case” for diversity that suggests a positive (causal) effect on firm performance. Our focus is twofold: First, we systematically evaluate the methodological rigor of 64 studies on the relationship between strategic leadership team demographic diversity and firm performance (1994–2023) from Financial Times (FT) 50 journals, finding that ca. 70 percent show implausible causal effects, ca. 20 percent lack sufficient information, and only 11 percent (N = 7) demonstrate plausible causal effects. Second, we synthesize research findings of the seven studies. The five studies on gender diversity yield mixed results: some report positive or negative effects, whereas the majority finds no effects on firm performance. Regarding ancestral and genetic diversity, the studies support the business case argument. Overall, our review provides three key insights: (1) a critical evaluation of the causal evidence regarding the business case for demographic diversity in strategic leadership teams, (2) a synthesis of the research findings by focusing on rigorously conducted studies, and (3) hands-on recommendations for refining future approaches for causal research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"Article 101843"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building foundations for explanatory theory and causally trustworthy evidence-based leadership","authors":"Thomas Fischer","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101861","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"Article 101861"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Well-being of formal leaders: A critical and interdisciplinary review of predictors shaping leader well-being","authors":"Burak Oc , Kraivin Chintakananda","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Holding a formal leadership role is often idealized, motivating individuals to pursue such positions for independence and success. However, recent reports highlight significant challenges faced by leaders, particularly during as well as after the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased work demands and reduced well-being. This review takes a critical stance and examines whether formal leaders bear a well-being cost. Using <span><span>Bronfenbrenner’s (1979)</span></span> ecological systems framework, we categorize predictors of leader well-being, discuss dominant theoretical frameworks explaining the most frequently studied relationships, and identify theoretical gaps in the existing literature. Following this, we identify internal validity issues affecting the interpretation of existing research. Our findings reveal significant validity concerns and a reliance on single-study, non-experimental designs, compromising the reliability of results. We offer theoretical and methodological recommendations for future research and emphasize the need for interventions to enhance leader well-being amidst increasing role demands. By synthesizing existing knowledge, our review aims to be a valuable resource for leadership scholars and practitioners, fostering interdisciplinary insights and encouraging further research on leader well-being in diverse contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"Article 101842"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of women on corporate boards: An integrative review from a political capital perspective","authors":"Yang Yang , Alison M. Konrad","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research synthesizes the literature that investigated the influence of WOCB on various firm outcomes. We organize our review around the meaning of WOCB, the sources of WOCB influence, the outcomes of WOCB impact, and contextual factors. In general, 503 articles with 558 predominantly panel studies show that the relationships of WOCB to various outcomes (particularly corporate social responsibility, firm transparency and gender equity) are beneficial but varied. Integrating prior views, we provide a framework leveraging political capital and board capital perspectives. The framework centers focus on the power and influence of WOCB, and distinguishes the sources of power from the exercise of power, board functions from organizational outcomes, and capital valuation contingencies from incentives to engage in board roles. Studies measuring political capital, which we identify as sources of WOCB’s influence, document the beneficial associations of a critical mass of 30–33% women, assigning women to board committees and women’s enhanced power resulting from multiple directorships and knowledge capital. Studies examining contextual factors show that societal gender equity, the presence of women in top management, and WOCB’s independence strengthen WOCB’s correlations with beneficial outcomes. These features facilitate interpretation of the mixed findings, identify limitations, and suggest directions for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"Article 101841"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142665607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Amari , George Banks , Leah Bourque , Holly Holladay , Ernest O’Boyle
{"title":"Effect size benchmarks: Time for a causal renaissance","authors":"Paul Amari , George Banks , Leah Bourque , Holly Holladay , Ernest O’Boyle","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effect size benchmarks guide theory, aid in interpreting practical significance, and help gauge scientific progress. However, effect size benchmarks derived from correlations typically violate the definition of an “effect” because they do not capture a singular causal relationship and instead represent an ambiguous amalgamation of additive, multiplicative, and interactive causes. Therefore, correlational benchmarks can be highly misleading to the point of threatening the very livelihood of society at large by misinforming policy and decision-making. To highlight these issues and demonstrate a more productive path forward, we begin by reviewing the four key challenges in creating effect size benchmarks and establishing evidence of causal inference strength. We then illustrate the limitations and opportunities in current practice through a systematic review of the leadership literature that highlights four themes related to causally identified effect sizes. We conclude this work with a blueprint that provides a meaningful redirection of the conversation so that future meta-analytic studies can provide accurate, specific, and unconfounded effect size benchmarks to achieve a more robust and cumulative science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"Article 101855"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Racial minorities in strategic leadership: An integrative literature review and future research roadmap","authors":"Yangyang Zhang , Ann Mooney , Sibel Ozgen","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bolstered by their slow but increasing representation, racial minority strategic leaders have started to capture significant research attention across disciplines. We review this emergent literature, synthesizing and integrating the research progress to date across the 147 articles we identified. Our review highlights a range of factors that have been found to influence racial minority representation in strategic leadership positions, including factors at the firm, board, individual, and environmental levels. We also summarize how such representation has been found to affect firm outcomes (e.g., firm performance, innovation) as well as the careers of the racial minority leaders (e.g., compensation, promotion). Despite the many advances made in the literature, we assert that the research on racial minority strategic leadership is at a critical juncture. Specifically, we call attention to three major challenges that may threaten research contributions if not addressed: (1) strengthening methodology – constructs, measurement, and analyses, (2) fortifying theoretical underpinnings, and (3) strengthening generalizability of research findings with a deeper consideration of context. Finally, we offer a roadmap for future research, including insights for addressing the three challenges we identified and suggestions for new and broader research directions that we believe will meaningfully advance the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":"Article 101840"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143151254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vita Akstinaite , Ulrich Thy Jensen , Michalis Vlachos , Alexis Erne , John Antonakis
{"title":"Charisma is a costly signal","authors":"Vita Akstinaite , Ulrich Thy Jensen , Michalis Vlachos , Alexis Erne , John Antonakis","doi":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.leaqua.2024.101810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A key assumption in modern conceptualizations of charisma is that it is a costly signal. It thus should be easier for intelligent individuals to produce this signal: it requires one to be creative, communicate in symbolic ways, have the needed expertise, and be consistent in one’s values and actions. At this time, it is unclear whether this assumption holds. Using data from an incentivized laboratory experiment (<em>n</em> = 1,998 general population) and two field settings (<em>n</em> = 134 public service leaders and <em>n</em> = 41 U.S. presidents), we show that individuals’s charisma signaling scores strongly correlate with their scores on intelligence. A change of a standard deviation in intelligence was associated with changes in charisma signaling of 7.89 % (Study 1), 11.01 % (Study 2), as well as 5.70 %, 6.80 %, and 12.23 % (Study 3), respectively. In addition, Studies 1 and 2 showed that scores on personality dimensions—whether the big five or the big six—do not correlate with charisma signaling. Our results lay the foundations for explaining a mechanism for why charisma signaling is a potent motivational tool and thus have important theoretical and policy implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48434,"journal":{"name":"Leadership Quarterly","volume":"35 6","pages":"Article 101810"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}