Psychology and Aging最新文献_第6页

Older adults are or older adults should be? Descriptive and prescriptive views of aging and their relation to self-reported behaviors in late adulthood. 老年人是老年人还是老年人应该是老年人？对衰老的描述性和规范性看法及其与成年后期自我报告行为的关系。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1037/pag0001005

Maria Wirth, M Clara de Paula Couto, Liat Ayalon, Klaus Rothermund

{"title":"Older adults are or older adults should be? Descriptive and prescriptive views of aging and their relation to self-reported behaviors in late adulthood.","authors":"Maria Wirth, M Clara de Paula Couto, Liat Ayalon, Klaus Rothermund","doi":"10.1037/pag0001005","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0001005","url":null,"abstract":"Views of aging, encompassing conceptions about older adults, old age, and aging, are related to health and well-being via related behaviors. However, little is known about how different views of aging predict behaviors. Descriptive views of aging (DVoA) describe how older adults allegedly are (e.g., unfit or lonely). Prescriptive views of active aging (PVoA) entail beliefs about how older adults should behave (e.g., exercise or engage socially). Two alternatives for the relations between DVoA and PVoA with behaviors are possible-PVoA mirror DVoA as they entail normative expectations that older adults should compensate for deficits expressed via negative DVoA (e.g., older adults are lonely, so they should become socially engaged), indicating that behaviors can be predicted by one or the other. However, PVoA could be more strongly related to behaviors than DVoA, as they directly prescribe age-appropriate behaviors. Focusing on the health and social domains, we tested these predictions in three preregistered studies (total N = 1,141, 60-90 years). All studies showed that higher endorsement of PVoA (e.g., older adults should stay fit) and more positive DVoA (e.g., older adults do a lot for their fitness) were related to more self-reported health-related, prosocial, and socializing behaviors. PVoA was more closely related to self-reported behaviors than DVoA. Our findings underline the importance of PVoA and DVoA for understanding how views of aging could become embodied in older adults' self-reported behaviors. Moreover, interventions aiming at changing older adults' behaviors via views of aging should also target PVoA, not just DVoA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring perceptions of curiosity in older age: A mixed methods approach. 探索老年人对好奇心的认知：一种混合方法。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1037/pag0001003

Michelle E Hirsch, Tarnpreet Virk, Christina Chang, Buddhika Bellana, Andrée-Ann Cyr

{"title":"Exploring perceptions of curiosity in older age: A mixed methods approach.","authors":"Michelle E Hirsch, Tarnpreet Virk, Christina Chang, Buddhika Bellana, Andrée-Ann Cyr","doi":"10.1037/pag0001003","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0001003","url":null,"abstract":"Curiosity is a ubiquitous drive linked to healthy aging. However, findings on what happens to curiosity with age are inconsistent. While trait accounts indicate an age-related decrease, state accounts suggest that aging is associated with increased or comparable curiosity. A question then becomes whether older adults expect curiosity to decline with age. Accordingly, we measured perceptions of how curiosity changes with age, both generally and across distinct six curiosity dimensions, also investigating whether age differences were present. Younger (n = 75) and older (n = 80) adults completed questionnaires describing their own curiosity, as well as adapted questionnaires describing that of older adults. Participants also responded to an open-ended question to gauge their perceptions of how curiosity changes with age. We employed a mixed methods approach, using qualitative methods to analyze responses to an open-ended question, and quantitative methods to analyze questionnaire data and age differences in qualitative code endorsement. Older adults exhibited higher joyous exploration and stress tolerance than younger adults, and comparable deprivation sensitivity. Younger adults showed relatively higher levels of social curiosity, thrill seeking, and intrapersonal curiosity. Both younger and older adults reported higher curiosity in their self-ratings than in their ratings of older adults across nearly all measured dimensions. Finally, while younger adults predicted that curiosity declines with age, older adults suggested the opposite-that curiosity increases with age. We show that, contrary to previous literature, age differences are not present across all dimensions of curiosity. Moreover, we demonstrate that perceptions of how curiosity changes with age differ between younger and older adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge is power: The effects of conceptual knowledge on event memory in aging. 知识就是力量：概念知识对老年人事件记忆的影响。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000993

Jamie Snytte, Can Fenerci, Matthew D Grilli, Mary A Peterson, M Natasha Rajah, Signy Sheldon

{"title":"Knowledge is power: The effects of conceptual knowledge on event memory in aging.","authors":"Jamie Snytte, Can Fenerci, Matthew D Grilli, Mary A Peterson, M Natasha Rajah, Signy Sheldon","doi":"10.1037/pag0000993","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000993","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of an event memory relies on integrating conceptual knowledge with encoded episodic content. Aging comes with an increased reliance on conceptual knowledge when forming event memories, which could contribute to the formation of gist-based memories. Alternatively, conceptual knowledge could serve as a scaffold, enhancing the ability to encode specific memories. To address how conceptual knowledge impacts episodic memory in aging, we conducted two preregistered experiments, where young and older adults encoded events tailored to include concepts with which they had a high or low degree of knowledge. Memory was tested 24 hr later using two recognition tasks, assessing memory for narrative and perceptual information. Results from Experiment 1 suggested that young adults generally benefited from conceptual knowledge, whereas the impact of knowledge on memory performance in older adults was mixed. However, conceptual knowledge differences across conditions were not equated between age groups: Older adults were more familiar with the concepts presented in their low knowledge condition, compared to young adults. In Experiment 2, we revised the stimuli to maximize differences in conceptual knowledge across conditions in both age groups. Following this modification, we found that both young and older adults displayed enhanced memory for specific details and reduced gist-based errors in their high compared to low conceptual knowledge conditions. Although results suggested that conceptual knowledge had a greater benefit on memory for narrative compared to perceptual content in older adults, differences in baseline performance on these tasks may have influenced this effect. Together, our findings suggest that when conceptual information within an event is aligned with knowledge, it can bolster episodic memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Aging differentially affects memory vividness and remembered salience for emotionally negative images. 年龄对负面图像的记忆生动性和显著性的影响是不同的。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1037/pag0001000

Jourdan H Parent, Teodora Markova, Katherine O'Malley, Elizabeth A Kensinger, Maureen Ritchey, Anne S Berry

{"title":"Aging differentially affects memory vividness and remembered salience for emotionally negative images.","authors":"Jourdan H Parent, Teodora Markova, Katherine O'Malley, Elizabeth A Kensinger, Maureen Ritchey, Anne S Berry","doi":"10.1037/pag0001000","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0001000","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective vividness and emotional salience of memory are relatively preserved in aging, regardless of objective memory decline. Nuances in memory strategy, like older adults' reliance more on semantic details and less on perceptual information, may contribute to lower memory precision but higher accounts of memory vividness, which can be enhanced by emotional salience. It remains unclear to what degree low-level continuous stimulus features of memory quality are altered by emotion in aging and whether these alterations contribute to subjective memory vividness. Here, we tested the impact of older age on emotional memory quality and vividness using an established emotional memory task in a sample of older (n = 37) and young adults (n = 34). Participants studied emotionally negative and neutral images that varied in visual salience (color saturation and luminance) and subsequently reconstructed the images' visual salience from memory and rated their memory vividness. Results demonstrated that older adults, like young adults, show systematic biases in visual memory-they remember stimuli as less visually salient than originally perceived, though older adults were less precise in these judgments compared with young adults. Further, associations between subjective memory vividness and objective memory qualities were reduced in older adults. Lastly, age-by-emotion interactions supported accounts that memory benefits for negative emotional stimuli are reduced in older adults. These findings provide insight into the visual qualities contributing to subjective memory vividness in aging and suggest that aging is associated with diminished memory precision but preserved subjective vividness for negative stimuli. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13353197/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autobiographical memory and metacognition in aging: A preserved ability to monitor memory retrieval. 衰老中的自传体记忆和元认知：一种保留的监测记忆检索的能力。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000983

Fabien Carreras, Andrea Tales, Claire M Barnes, Céline Souchay, Krystian Barzykowski

{"title":"Autobiographical memory and metacognition in aging: A preserved ability to monitor memory retrieval.","authors":"Fabien Carreras, Andrea Tales, Claire M Barnes, Céline Souchay, Krystian Barzykowski","doi":"10.1037/pag0000983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000983","url":null,"abstract":"Older adults' retrieval of autobiographical memories is more gist-like than young adults' retrieval, meaning they tend to recall the general essence of a past experience while omitting some more specific (e.g., sensory) episodic details. This reduced specificity in autobiographical memory retrieval is attributed to a diminished ability to access episodic details, reflecting broader age-related changes in memory function. Such episodic deficits also impact memory monitoring, a key aspect of metacognition, the ability to evaluate and regulate one's own cognitive processes. While episodic memory monitoring difficulties in aging are well-documented and often attributed to declines in episodic memory, some results demonstrate the lack of that effect. Moreover, it remains unclear and underexplored whether age-related changes in episodic memory for real-world materials, such as autobiographical memory recall, translate into corresponding impairments in metacognitive monitoring. This study addresses this gap by examining metacognitive abilities related to autobiographical memory retrieval in aging. Young (N = 49, age range = 18-25) and older adults (N = 50, age range = 60-77) completed the Feeling of Retrieval task, for which they had a limited time (i.e., 2 s) to carry out feelings of fluency judgments. Specifically, they judged whether a cue would allow fluent access to their autobiographical memory or would limit it. They were then instructed to recall autobiographical memories in response to both types of cues. We found that older adults were as accurate as young adults in distinguishing the likelihood of the two types of cues to facilitate autobiographical memory retrieval, suggesting that metacognitive abilities related to autobiographical memory retrieval remain preserved in aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148254017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-perceptions of aging and volunteering in later life: Examining longitudinal bidirectional associations in the German Ageing Survey (DEAS). 老年自我认知与晚年志愿服务：在德国老龄化调查（DEAS）中检验纵向双向关联。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000999

Manfred Diehl, Markus Wettstein, Svenja M Spuling, Susanne Wurm

{"title":"Self-perceptions of aging and volunteering in later life: Examining longitudinal bidirectional associations in the German Ageing Survey (DEAS).","authors":"Manfred Diehl, Markus Wettstein, Svenja M Spuling, Susanne Wurm","doi":"10.1037/pag0000999","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000999","url":null,"abstract":"To date, few studies have explored the role of older adults' self-perceptions of aging (SPA) in the context of volunteering and how SPA might shape or be shaped by volunteering. Using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models and data from the German Ageing Survey, this study examined the bidirectional associations between different gain- and loss-related facets of older adults' SPA (i.e., perceptions of physical losses, social losses, and ongoing development) and their engagement in volunteering over a 9-year period. Gender differences in these associations were also examined. The study sample comprised 4,512 older adults (ages 65-93 years at baseline). At the between-person level, individuals with overall higher scores on SPA of social losses reported overall fewer hours of volunteering per week, whereas participants' scores on the other two SPA scales were not significantly associated with volunteering at the between-person level. With regard to within-person cross-lagged associations, paths from prior volunteering to subsequent SPA were statistically nonsignificant. However, higher than one's average SPA of physical losses was associated with less volunteering than one's average at the subsequent measurement occasion, whereas scoring higher than one's average SPA of ongoing development showed the opposite association with volunteering at subsequent occasions. Findings also revealed gender differences in the associations between SPA of social losses and volunteering. In summary, the findings of this study showed that different dimensions of older adults' SPA are differentially associated with their volunteering over time and that it may be important to take a gender-specific perspective on volunteering. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure to more multiple-choice lures similarly affects older and younger adults' memory. 接触更多的多项选择诱饵同样会影响老年人和年轻人的记忆力。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000995

May W McCollum, Minghua Zhang, Jennifer H Coane, Sharda Umanath

{"title":"Exposure to more multiple-choice lures similarly affects older and younger adults' memory.","authors":"May W McCollum, Minghua Zhang, Jennifer H Coane, Sharda Umanath","doi":"10.1037/pag0000995","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000995","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to more alternatives in multiple-choice (MC) questions tends to harm new learning in younger adults (YAs; Roediger & Marsh, 2005). Cognitive aging theories make opposing predictions about whether MC tests would benefit or harm immediate and subsequent memory in older adults (OAs). Compared to YAs, OAs have more extensive knowledge bases, access to which could be disproportionately bolstered through activation of related knowledge or harmed due to difficulties inhibiting competition by increasing alternatives. Here, OAs and YAs answered age-normed general knowledge MC questions with two, four, or six alternatives. After 6 min or 1 week, participants completed a short-answer test with the same questions. For both age groups, accuracy decreased as lure number increased on the MC test. When participants answered correctly on the MC test, accuracy on the short-answer test 6 min later increased after exposure to more alternatives, but after initial errors, accuracy decreased with more alternatives. After a week, MC alternative number no longer impacted short-answer performance. Notably, the effects of alternative manipulations appear to be age-invariant and relatively short-lived in the context of general knowledge retrieval. Unlike in many other memory tasks, OAs performed largely the same as YAs. When the answer was accessible, OAs' later memory for general knowledge benefitted just as much as YAs' from seeing more alternatives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gait matters in spatial orientation: Age-related differences in real-world wayfinding and cognitive mapping. 步态对空间方向的影响：现实世界中寻路和认知地图的年龄相关差异。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000997

Kyungwan Kim, Wiebren Zijlstra

{"title":"Gait matters in spatial orientation: Age-related differences in real-world wayfinding and cognitive mapping.","authors":"Kyungwan Kim, Wiebren Zijlstra","doi":"10.1037/pag0000997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000997","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined age-related differences in real-world wayfinding, with a focus on gait behavior and its role in spatial orientation. Twenty-six younger adults (age 23.6 ± 2.2) and 25 older adults (OA; age 70.5 ± 4.3) completed a naturalistic navigation task involving route learning, route retracing, and in-lab spatial memory tasks. Although OA made more spatial errors during wayfinding, they exhibited faster gait speeds than younger adults, a finding that contrasts with prior virtual environment or lab-based studies. Gait analysis revealed age-specific strategies: Younger adults maintained consistent walk ratios, suggesting cognitive prioritization, while OA showed more frequent stop-and-go behavior, suggesting greater reliance on pausing as an orienting strategy during navigation. Notably, stop-and-go frequency significantly correlated with wayfinding performance in both virtual environment and real-world conditions, indicating a potential compensatory mechanism to recalibrate internal spatial representations through intermittent pausing. These findings suggest that gait may play a more active role in navigation than previously recognized. Studying wayfinding in real environments, where gait, sensory cues, and cognitive load interact naturally, offers new insight into age-related navigational adaptation. The results underscore the value of ecological validity in understanding the motor-cognitive interplay that supports environmental memory formation across the lifespan. This research provides a foundation for developing dual task training and gait-informed interventions aimed at supporting mobility, orientation, and autonomy in OA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000984

Pauline Berthouzoz, Sandra Chiquet, Corinna S Martarelli

{"title":"Age-related changes in eye movements during pictorial recall in older adults.","authors":"Pauline Berthouzoz, Sandra Chiquet, Corinna S Martarelli","doi":"10.1037/pag0000984","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000984","url":null,"abstract":"During the recall of pictorial information, individuals typically exhibit eye movements directed toward the locations they focused on during perceptual encoding. This behavior is thought to support memory retrieval by linking spatial information to cognitive processes. Given the known memory decline associated with healthy aging, investigating age-related changes in eye movements during recall is crucial. We compared the eye movement patterns of older (N = 38, 65-75 years) and younger adults (N = 37, 20-35 years) during different pictorial recall tasks. Both groups tended to look back at the original stimulus locations; however, this effect was less pronounced in older adults. They displayed less systematic and more dispersed fixations across the screen. Moreover, eye position information generalized to novel objects from previously seen categories in both groups. In terms of performance, older adults performed worse than younger adults on an old/new recognition task but not on a task assessing visual detail recall. Older adults rated their mental images as more vivid than younger adults did, which may reflect differences in the perception or interpretation of vividness or subjective bias. The observed pattern of eye behavior, together with the relatively preserved recall performance, suggests that older adults rely less on embodied strategies, consistent with prior findings indicating an age-related shift toward gist-based representations. Overall, our results demonstrate that eye movement behavior during pictorial recall changes with age, highlighting the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and possible consequences of this change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implicit speech act recognition reflects older adults' gist-based reasoning. 内隐言语行为识别反映了老年人基于要点的推理能力。

IF 3.6 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2026-06-08 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000998

Liwei Tan, Shiori Kato, Michiyo Kasai, Toshiki Iwabuchi, Sachiko Kiyama

{"title":"Implicit speech act recognition reflects older adults' gist-based reasoning.","authors":"Liwei Tan, Shiori Kato, Michiyo Kasai, Toshiki Iwabuchi, Sachiko Kiyama","doi":"10.1037/pag0000998","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000998","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging findings suggest that older adults rely more on gist-based representations of an event's general meaning than on verbatim representations of surface details during decision making. This tendency is often attributed to age-related cognitive changes and accumulated life experience. However, the extent to which older adults rely on gist representations for pragmatic decision making based on linguistic information remains unclear. To address this gap, we used a recognition probe task to compare how older and younger adults' gist representations of general meaning influence pragmatic comprehension when interpreting implicit speech acts (ISAs), in which intentions are conveyed without an explicit performative verb. The task elicited automatic recognition of intentions from ISAs and involved conversations ending with a target remark conveying an ISA, such as \"I couldn't have done it without you,\" followed by a probe word capturing the implied intention, for example, \"thank.\" Participants judged whether the probe word had literally occurred in the final remark. We hypothesized that if participants automatically accessed the implied intention of ISAs, this gist activation would interfere with verbatim-based probe judgments, resulting in longer reaction times relative to a non-ISA control condition. The results from 34 younger (M = 21.8 years) and 34 older (M = 72.3 years) native Japanese speakers showed that older participants exhibited significantly longer reaction times in the ISA condition than in the control condition, whereas younger participants did not. These findings suggest that older adults demonstrate an advantage in gist-based processing, which may facilitate the interpretation of implicit pragmatic intentions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148200749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0