Psychology and Aging最新文献_第6页

A dual mechanisms of control account of age differences in working memory. 工作记忆年龄差异的双重控制机制解释。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000817

Chenlingxi Xu, Chang-Mao Chao, Nathan S Rose

{"title":"A dual mechanisms of control account of age differences in working memory.","authors":"Chenlingxi Xu, Chang-Mao Chao, Nathan S Rose","doi":"10.1037/pag0000817","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000817","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related differences in working memory (WM) can be large, but the exact sources are unclear. We hypothesized that young adults outperform older adults on WM tasks because they use controlled attention processes to prioritize the maintenance of relevant information in WM in a proactive mode, whereas older adults tend to rely on the strength of familiarity signals to make memory decisions in a reactive mode. We used a WM task that cued participants to prioritize one item over others and presented repeated lure probes that cause errors when one is engaged in a reactive mode. Results showed that, relative to young adults with full attention available to use proactive control during the delays, older adults with full attention (and young adults with divided attention) during the delays had exaggerated error rates to repeated lure probes compared to control probes. When the amount of proactive interference was increased (by repeating stimuli across trials), older adults were able to engage in proactive control, and this eliminated their exaggerated error rate (while young adults with divided attention could not). These results provide evidence for a dual mechanisms of control account of age differences in WM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":"39 4","pages":"436-455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evoking episodic and semantic details with instructional manipulation during autobiographical recall. 在自传体回忆过程中，通过指令操作唤起情节和语义细节。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000821

Greta Melega, Fiona Lancelotte, Ann-Kathrin Johnen, Michael Hornberger, Brian Levine, Louis Renoult

{"title":"Evoking episodic and semantic details with instructional manipulation during autobiographical recall.","authors":"Greta Melega, Fiona Lancelotte, Ann-Kathrin Johnen, Michael Hornberger, Brian Levine, Louis Renoult","doi":"10.1037/pag0000821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000821","url":null,"abstract":"Older adults tend to describe experiences from their past with fewer episodic details, such as spatiotemporal and contextually specific information, but more nonepisodic details, particularly personal semantic knowledge, than younger adults. While the reduction in episodic details is interpreted in the context of episodic memory decline typical of aging, interpreting the increased production of semantic details is not as straightforward. We modified the widely used Autobiographical Interview (AI) to create a Semantic Autobiographical Interview (SAI) that explicitly targets personal (P-SAI) and general semantic memories (G-SAI) with the aim of better understanding the production of semantic information in aging depending on instructional manipulation. Overall, older adults produced a lower proportion of target details than young adults. There was an intra-individual consistency in the production of target details in the AI and P-SAI, suggesting a trait level in the production of personal target details or consistency in the narrative style and communicative goals adopted across interviews. Older adults consistently produced autobiographical facts and self-knowledge across interviews, suggesting that they are biased toward the production of personal semantic information regardless of instructions. These results cannot be easily accommodated by accounts of aging and memory emphasizing reduced cognitive control or compensation for episodic memory impairment. Nevertheless, future work is needed to fully disentangle between these accounts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":"39 4","pages":"378-390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Historical change in trajectories of loneliness in old age: Older adults today are less lonely, but do not differ in their age trajectories. 老年人孤独感轨迹的历史变化：今天的老年人不再那么孤独，但他们的年龄轨迹并无不同。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000803

Bianca Suanet, Johanna Drewelies, Sandra Duezel, Peter Eibich, Ilja Demuth, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Gert G Wagner, Ulman Lindenberger, Nilam Ram, Paolo Ghisletta, Denis Gerstorf

{"title":"Historical change in trajectories of loneliness in old age: Older adults today are less lonely, but do not differ in their age trajectories.","authors":"Bianca Suanet, Johanna Drewelies, Sandra Duezel, Peter Eibich, Ilja Demuth, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Gert G Wagner, Ulman Lindenberger, Nilam Ram, Paolo Ghisletta, Denis Gerstorf","doi":"10.1037/pag0000803","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000803","url":null,"abstract":"To check claims of a \"loneliness epidemic,\" we examined whether current cohorts of older adults report higher levels and/or steeper age-related increases in loneliness than earlier-born peers. Specifically, we used 1,068 age-matched longitudinal reports (Mage observations = 79 years, 49% women) of loneliness provided by independent samples recruited in the German city of Berlin in 1990 and 2010, n = 257 participants in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) and n = 383 participants in Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). Using multilevel models that orthogonalize between-person and within-person age effects, we examined how responses to items from the UCLA Loneliness Scale provided by observation-matched cohorts differed with age and across cohorts, and if those differences might be explained by a variety of individual factors. Results revealed that at age 79, the later-born BASE-II cohort reported substantially lower levels of loneliness than the earlier-born BASE cohort (d = -0.84), with cohort differences accounting for more than 14% of the variance in loneliness. Age trajectories, however, were parallel without evidence of cohort differences in rates of within-person age-related changes in loneliness. Differences in gender, education, cognitive functioning, and external control beliefs accounted for the lion's share of cohort-related differences in levels of loneliness. Results show that loneliness among older adults has shifted to markedly lower levels today, but the rate at which loneliness increases with age proceeds similarly as 2 decades ago. Future studies should investigate how psychosocial functioning across the life course is progressing in different sociohistorical contexts and in other age groups, such as younger and middle-aged adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":"39 4","pages":"350-363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000809

Meredith A Shafto, Lise Abrams, Lori E James

{"title":"Age-related differences in the evaluation of highly arousing language.","authors":"Meredith A Shafto, Lise Abrams, Lori E James","doi":"10.1037/pag0000809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000809","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional properties of words can profoundly affect their processing, depending on both the valence (pleasantness) and the degree of arousal (excitation) that the word elicits. Words that are strongly emotionally arousing (such as taboo words) can interfere with subsequent language processing (White & Abrams, 2021). However, little is known about whether or how aging affects the processing of highly arousing language. The present study provides a characterization of how adults across the lifespan evaluate highly arousing language with a simple rating task that included taboo words, which have previously been used to examine lexical interference caused by arousal, and humorous words, which are also highly arousing without being negatively valenced. While arousal ratings were strongly positively correlated with both tabooness and humor ratings for young adults, these relationships weakened with age and overall arousal ratings were lower for middle-aged and older adults compared to young adults. Age effects cannot be readily accounted for by age-related differences in psychosocial variables such as self-reported profanity avoidance or religiosity. The effect of age on arousal should be considered in the design of studies examining age-related changes in emotional language processing. Furthermore, age differences in arousal should be considered as a potential mechanism in studies exploring emotional language processing across adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":"39 3","pages":"288-298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perspective judgment across adulthood: Evidence from bilinguals. 跨越成年期的视角判断：来自双语者的证据

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000796

Dorit Segal, Gitit Kavé

{"title":"Perspective judgment across adulthood: Evidence from bilinguals.","authors":"Dorit Segal, Gitit Kavé","doi":"10.1037/pag0000796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000796","url":null,"abstract":"Judging the perspective of others often requires ignoring one's own accessible knowledge. Aging increases reliance on the most available knowledge and may decrease the adjustment of this knowledge to adopt another perspective. Using a dominant language also decreases control demands, while using a nondominant language promotes deliberation. We examined whether aging and language dominance shape the way in which individuals judge someone else's interpretation of ambiguous messages. Russian-Hebrew bilinguals (N = 237, ages 19-80) read 20 ambiguous messages and judged how a recipient would interpret them. Half of the texts contained information that suggested that the message was sincere, and half of the texts contained information that implied that the message was sarcastic. This information was available only to the participant and should not have affected the recipient's interpretation. An egocentric bias emerged in both languages since participants could not ignore their own knowledge when judging the recipient's perspective. Aging was associated with a greater bias, but the results were similar in both languages. A second study included 60 younger (ages 18-39) and 62 older (ages 60-80) Israeli-born participants, who performed the same task as well as a flanker task (i.e., judging the direction of a central arrow flanked by congruent and incongruent distractors). Age interacted with the egocentric bias, but there was no correlation between the flanker effect and perspective judgment. Thus, decreased inhibition, as measured by the flanker task, cannot account for the egocentric bias. We suggest that the findings reflect difficulty in overriding highly accessible information, especially in older age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":"39 3","pages":"324-336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000775

Chia-Lin Lee, Chia-Ho Lai

{"title":"Age-related differences in understanding pronominal reference in sentence comprehension: An electrophysiological investigation.","authors":"Chia-Lin Lee, Chia-Ho Lai","doi":"10.1037/pag0000775","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000775","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate how age affects the ability to comprehend sentence meaning, specifically how individuals resolve pronouns to their corresponding nouns. The study included 34 young participants (20-29 years old) and 34 older participants (60-81 years old). The participants were presented with sentences containing two characters and a third-person singular pronoun. Stereotypical genders associated with character names were manipulated such that the pronoun had either one, two, or no possible antecedents, rendering the pronoun referentially unambiguous, ambiguous, or mismatched, respectively. Consistent with the prior findings on preserved syntactic processing with advanced age, event-related potential data time-locked to the critical pronouns showed a P600 effect to mismatched pronouns regardless of age. These results indicate that older adults, like their younger counterparts, have a strong preference for readily available antecedents. When the pronoun was ambiguous, younger adults showed a typical Nref effect-a sustained anterior negativity associated with elaborative inferencing to search for the referent. Older adults did not exhibit this effect, suggesting a reduction in elaborative processes for establishing coherence. Nevertheless, the Nref response to ambiguous pronouns was observed in a subset of older adults, who also showed a Nref instead of P600 response to mismatched pronouns. Overall, individuals who elicited the Nref response to ambiguous pronouns were associated with a higher level of print exposure, suggesting that life-long reading experience may help to counteract age-related decline. Together, these findings help characterize the differential effects of aging on pronominal understanding and provide initial electrophysiological evidence of the protective benefit of print exposure on language processing in the aging population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"275-287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10477449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of age and word frequency on Korean visual word recognition: Evidence from a web-based large-scale lexical-decision task. 年龄和单词频率对韩语视觉单词识别的影响：基于网络的大规模词汇决策任务提供的证据。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000793

Hyunah Baek, Peter C Gordon, Wonil Choi

{"title":"Effects of age and word frequency on Korean visual word recognition: Evidence from a web-based large-scale lexical-decision task.","authors":"Hyunah Baek, Peter C Gordon, Wonil Choi","doi":"10.1037/pag0000793","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000793","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined age differences in word-frequency effects in Korean visual word recognition through a large-scale, web-based lexical-decision task. Four hundred ninety-seven adult Korean speakers in their 20s through 60s participated in the task, in which they decided the lexicality of 120 Korean words varying in frequency and 120 nonwords. Overall, both lexical-decision accuracy and response times increased with age, and more frequent words were recognized more rapidly than less frequent words. We also found significant effects of participants' reading skill as well as age of acquisition of words. Crucially, despite older adults' generally slower reaction times, there was no hint of any interaction between participant age and word frequency on lexical-decision times. This result adds to the literature on age-related changes in visual word recognition and provides evidence for stable word-frequency effect across the adult age spectrum. These findings are discussed with different hypotheses of lexical access and aging proposed in the literature. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"231-244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Audiovisual speech perception in noise in younger and older bilinguals. 年轻和年长双语者在噪音中的视听语音感知。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000799

Alexandre Chauvin, Sophie Pellerin, Anna-Francesca Boatswain-Jacques, Jean-Louis René, Natalie A Phillips

{"title":"Audiovisual speech perception in noise in younger and older bilinguals.","authors":"Alexandre Chauvin, Sophie Pellerin, Anna-Francesca Boatswain-Jacques, Jean-Louis René, Natalie A Phillips","doi":"10.1037/pag0000799","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000799","url":null,"abstract":"Speech perception in noise becomes increasingly difficult with age. Similarly, bilinguals often have difficulty with speech perception in noise in their second language (L2) due to less developed language knowledge in L2. Little is known about older bilinguals, who experience age-related sensory and cognitive changes but have extensive L2 experience. Furthermore, while audiovisual (AV) speech cues and supportive sentence context facilitate speech perception in noise in native listeners, much less is known for bilingual listeners, particularly older bilinguals. This study investigated how much young (n = 30) and older (n = 31) French-English/English-French bilinguals benefit from AV speech cues and sentence context in their first (L1) and second language during speech perception in noise. Participants completed the task in L1 and L2. Importantly, the level of background noise was individually calibrated for each participant to equate performance during the baseline task. The results suggest that there were no age differences in overall performance during the speech perception in noise task. However, older adults showed smaller language effects and smaller modality effects (i.e., comparing auditory-only speech perception to audiovisual speech perception) compared to younger adults. Furthermore, both young and older bilinguals benefited from AV speech cues and sentence context in both of their languages. However, during L2 speech perception in noise, visual speech cues were particularly important for young adults. In contrast, older adults show equal benefit from visual speech cues in L1 and L2. Taken together, these findings extend current models of AV speech perception to a second language in both younger and older adults. Furthermore, the findings suggest that bilinguals are likely to benefit from visual speech cues and supportive sentence context, although this benefit may differ slightly between younger and older bilinguals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"245-261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adult age differences in noninstrumental information-seeking strategies. 成人非工具性信息搜索策略的年龄差异。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000806

Greta M Fastrich, Lily FitzGibbon, Johnny K Lau, Sumeyye Aslan, Michiko Sakaki, Kou Murayama

{"title":"Adult age differences in noninstrumental information-seeking strategies.","authors":"Greta M Fastrich, Lily FitzGibbon, Johnny K Lau, Sumeyye Aslan, Michiko Sakaki, Kou Murayama","doi":"10.1037/pag0000806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000806","url":null,"abstract":"We often seek information without any explicit incentives or goals (i.e., noninstrumental information seeking, often noted as a manifestation of curiosity). Does noninstrumental information-seeking change with age? We tried to answer the question by making a critical distinction between two information-seeking behaviors: diversive information seeking (i.e., information seeking for topics a person knows little about) and specific information seeking (i.e., information seeking to deepen a person's existing knowledge of a topic). Five hundred participants (age range: 12-79 years old) spontaneously read new facts about different topics. After reading each fact, participants were given the choice to read more facts about the current topic or return to the selection menu to learn about a new topic. We found that with increasing age, participants chose to explore more facts within a topic (i.e., increased specific information seeking) and switched less frequently to new topics (i.e., decreased diversive information seeking). These results indicate that while young people seek out a broader range of information, as people grow older, they develop a preference to deepen their existing knowledge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":"39 3","pages":"313-323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adult age differences in language, communication, and learning from text. 成人在语言、交流和从文本中学习方面的年龄差异。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000819

Lise Abrams, Elizabeth A L Stine-Morrow

引用次数: 0