Limited learning and adaptation in disfluency processing among older adults.

IF 3.7 1区 心理学 Q1 GERONTOLOGY
Diyu Luo, Kristi Hendrickson, Si On Yoon
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Listeners adapt to diverse cues in real-time language processing. While younger adults can learn and adapt in complex multitalker settings, it remains uncertain whether this ability persists in older adults, especially when they must accumulate auditory inputs to learn novel statistics. We examined whether older adults adapt to talker-specific patterns using paralinguistic cues such as disfluency. In two experiments, older adults listened to instructions from two talkers: one used disfluency predictively (e.g., always referring to novel objects following disfluency) and the other used disfluency unpredictably (e.g., referring to either familiar or novel objects following disfluency). Experiment 1 examined a single-talker setting (N = 50, between-subjects), and Experiment 2 examined a multitalker setting (N = 50, within-subjects). Participants' eye movements were compared between the predictive and nonpredictive conditions. In Experiment 1, older adults demonstrated partner-specific adaptation by looking at novel images more in the predictive condition than in the nonpredictive condition. However, this partner-specific adaptation was not observed in Experiment 2. The results suggest that while older adults can adapt to simpler single-talker settings, their ability to learn and apply novel statistics specific to each talker diminishes in more complex multitalker settings. This limitation may stem from slower processing speed and decreased cognitive flexibility, which may lead older adults to rely on global statistics rather than partner-specific ones. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

老年人在处理不流畅语言时的学习和适应能力有限。
听众在实时语言处理中适应不同的线索。虽然年轻人可以在复杂的多语环境中学习和适应,但老年人是否也有这种能力仍然不确定,特别是当他们必须积累听觉输入来学习新的统计数据时。我们研究了老年人是否会使用诸如不流利之类的副语言线索来适应说话的特定模式。在两个实验中,老年人听了两个说话者的指示:一个人预测性地使用不流利(例如,总是指不流利后的新物体),另一个人不可预测地使用不流利(例如,指不流利后的熟悉或新物体)。实验1检查了一个单独说话的设置(N = 50,受试者之间),实验2检查了一个多说话的设置(N = 50,受试者内部)。参与者的眼球运动在预测和非预测条件下进行了比较。在实验1中,老年人在预测条件下比在非预测条件下更多地观看新图像,从而表现出伴侣特异性适应。然而,在实验2中没有观察到这种伴侣特异性适应。结果表明,虽然老年人可以适应简单的单语环境,但在更复杂的多语环境中,他们学习和应用特定于每个人的新统计数据的能力却有所下降。这种限制可能源于较慢的处理速度和认知灵活性下降,这可能导致老年人依赖全球统计数据,而不是针对特定伴侣的统计数据。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA,版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
10.80%
发文量
97
期刊介绍: Psychology and Aging publishes original articles on adult development and aging. Such original articles include reports of research that may be applied, biobehavioral, clinical, educational, experimental (laboratory, field, or naturalistic studies), methodological, or psychosocial. Although the emphasis is on original research investigations, occasional theoretical analyses of research issues, practical clinical problems, or policy may appear, as well as critical reviews of a content area in adult development and aging. Clinical case studies that have theoretical significance are also appropriate. Brief reports are acceptable with the author"s agreement not to submit a full report to another journal.
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