Psychology and Aging最新文献_第5页

A dual mechanisms of control account of age differences in working memory. 工作记忆年龄差异的双重控制机制解释。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000817

Chenlingxi Xu, Chang-Mao Chao, Nathan S Rose

{"title":"A dual mechanisms of control account of age differences in working memory.","authors":"Chenlingxi Xu, Chang-Mao Chao, Nathan S Rose","doi":"10.1037/pag0000817","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000817","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related differences in working memory (WM) can be large, but the exact sources are unclear. We hypothesized that young adults outperform older adults on WM tasks because they use controlled attention processes to prioritize the maintenance of relevant information in WM in a proactive mode, whereas older adults tend to rely on the strength of familiarity signals to make memory decisions in a reactive mode. We used a WM task that cued participants to prioritize one item over others and presented repeated lure probes that cause errors when one is engaged in a reactive mode. Results showed that, relative to young adults with full attention available to use proactive control during the delays, older adults with full attention (and young adults with divided attention) during the delays had exaggerated error rates to repeated lure probes compared to control probes. When the amount of proactive interference was increased (by repeating stimuli across trials), older adults were able to engage in proactive control, and this eliminated their exaggerated error rate (while young adults with divided attention could not). These results provide evidence for a dual mechanisms of control account of age differences in WM. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evoking episodic and semantic details with instructional manipulation during autobiographical recall. 在自传体回忆过程中，通过指令操作唤起情节和语义细节。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000821

Greta Melega, Fiona Lancelotte, Ann-Kathrin Johnen, Michael Hornberger, Brian Levine, Louis Renoult

{"title":"Evoking episodic and semantic details with instructional manipulation during autobiographical recall.","authors":"Greta Melega, Fiona Lancelotte, Ann-Kathrin Johnen, Michael Hornberger, Brian Levine, Louis Renoult","doi":"10.1037/pag0000821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000821","url":null,"abstract":"Older adults tend to describe experiences from their past with fewer episodic details, such as spatiotemporal and contextually specific information, but more nonepisodic details, particularly personal semantic knowledge, than younger adults. While the reduction in episodic details is interpreted in the context of episodic memory decline typical of aging, interpreting the increased production of semantic details is not as straightforward. We modified the widely used Autobiographical Interview (AI) to create a Semantic Autobiographical Interview (SAI) that explicitly targets personal (P-SAI) and general semantic memories (G-SAI) with the aim of better understanding the production of semantic information in aging depending on instructional manipulation. Overall, older adults produced a lower proportion of target details than young adults. There was an intra-individual consistency in the production of target details in the AI and P-SAI, suggesting a trait level in the production of personal target details or consistency in the narrative style and communicative goals adopted across interviews. Older adults consistently produced autobiographical facts and self-knowledge across interviews, suggesting that they are biased toward the production of personal semantic information regardless of instructions. These results cannot be easily accommodated by accounts of aging and memory emphasizing reduced cognitive control or compensation for episodic memory impairment. Nevertheless, future work is needed to fully disentangle between these accounts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Historical change in trajectories of loneliness in old age: Older adults today are less lonely, but do not differ in their age trajectories. 老年人孤独感轨迹的历史变化：今天的老年人不再那么孤独，但他们的年龄轨迹并无不同。

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000803

Bianca Suanet, Johanna Drewelies, Sandra Duezel, Peter Eibich, Ilja Demuth, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Gert G Wagner, Ulman Lindenberger, Nilam Ram, Paolo Ghisletta, Denis Gerstorf

{"title":"Historical change in trajectories of loneliness in old age: Older adults today are less lonely, but do not differ in their age trajectories.","authors":"Bianca Suanet, Johanna Drewelies, Sandra Duezel, Peter Eibich, Ilja Demuth, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, Gert G Wagner, Ulman Lindenberger, Nilam Ram, Paolo Ghisletta, Denis Gerstorf","doi":"10.1037/pag0000803","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000803","url":null,"abstract":"To check claims of a \"loneliness epidemic,\" we examined whether current cohorts of older adults report higher levels and/or steeper age-related increases in loneliness than earlier-born peers. Specifically, we used 1,068 age-matched longitudinal reports (Mage observations = 79 years, 49% women) of loneliness provided by independent samples recruited in the German city of Berlin in 1990 and 2010, n = 257 participants in the Berlin Aging Study (BASE) and n = 383 participants in Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). Using multilevel models that orthogonalize between-person and within-person age effects, we examined how responses to items from the UCLA Loneliness Scale provided by observation-matched cohorts differed with age and across cohorts, and if those differences might be explained by a variety of individual factors. Results revealed that at age 79, the later-born BASE-II cohort reported substantially lower levels of loneliness than the earlier-born BASE cohort (d = -0.84), with cohort differences accounting for more than 14% of the variance in loneliness. Age trajectories, however, were parallel without evidence of cohort differences in rates of within-person age-related changes in loneliness. Differences in gender, education, cognitive functioning, and external control beliefs accounted for the lion's share of cohort-related differences in levels of loneliness. Results show that loneliness among older adults has shifted to markedly lower levels today, but the rate at which loneliness increases with age proceeds similarly as 2 decades ago. Future studies should investigate how psychosocial functioning across the life course is progressing in different sociohistorical contexts and in other age groups, such as younger and middle-aged adults. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141427980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Are Social Interactions Perceived as More Meaningful in Older Adulthood? 补充材料：老年期的社会互动是否更有意义？

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000827.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Impact of Stroke on Cognition in Old Age: Comparison of Two Population-Based Cohorts, Born up to 30 Years Apart and Followed From Age 70 to 85 中风对老年认知的影响》补充材料：比较两个出生时间相差 30 年、年龄介于 70 岁至 85 岁之间的人口组群

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000824.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Predictors of Cognitive Aging Profiles Over 15 Years: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study 15 年认知老化特征的预测因素》补充材料：基于人口的纵向研究

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000807.supp

引用次数: 0

Supplemental Material for Efficacy of the Residential Care Transition Module: A Telehealth Intervention for Dementia Family Caregivers of Relatives Living in Residential Long-Term Care Settings 住院护理过渡模块的功效》补充材料：针对居住在寄宿式长期护理环境中的痴呆症亲属的家庭照顾者的远程保健干预措施

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000820.supp

引用次数: 0

Perspective judgment across adulthood: Evidence from bilinguals. 跨越成年期的视角判断：来自双语者的证据

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000796

Dorit Segal, Gitit Kavé

{"title":"Perspective judgment across adulthood: Evidence from bilinguals.","authors":"Dorit Segal, Gitit Kavé","doi":"10.1037/pag0000796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000796","url":null,"abstract":"Judging the perspective of others often requires ignoring one's own accessible knowledge. Aging increases reliance on the most available knowledge and may decrease the adjustment of this knowledge to adopt another perspective. Using a dominant language also decreases control demands, while using a nondominant language promotes deliberation. We examined whether aging and language dominance shape the way in which individuals judge someone else's interpretation of ambiguous messages. Russian-Hebrew bilinguals (N = 237, ages 19-80) read 20 ambiguous messages and judged how a recipient would interpret them. Half of the texts contained information that suggested that the message was sincere, and half of the texts contained information that implied that the message was sarcastic. This information was available only to the participant and should not have affected the recipient's interpretation. An egocentric bias emerged in both languages since participants could not ignore their own knowledge when judging the recipient's perspective. Aging was associated with a greater bias, but the results were similar in both languages. A second study included 60 younger (ages 18-39) and 62 older (ages 60-80) Israeli-born participants, who performed the same task as well as a flanker task (i.e., judging the direction of a central arrow flanked by congruent and incongruent distractors). Age interacted with the egocentric bias, but there was no correlation between the flanker effect and perspective judgment. Thus, decreased inhibition, as measured by the flanker task, cannot account for the egocentric bias. We suggest that the findings reflect difficulty in overriding highly accessible information, especially in older age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000809

Meredith A Shafto, Lise Abrams, Lori E James

{"title":"Age-related differences in the evaluation of highly arousing language.","authors":"Meredith A Shafto, Lise Abrams, Lori E James","doi":"10.1037/pag0000809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000809","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional properties of words can profoundly affect their processing, depending on both the valence (pleasantness) and the degree of arousal (excitation) that the word elicits. Words that are strongly emotionally arousing (such as taboo words) can interfere with subsequent language processing (White & Abrams, 2021). However, little is known about whether or how aging affects the processing of highly arousing language. The present study provides a characterization of how adults across the lifespan evaluate highly arousing language with a simple rating task that included taboo words, which have previously been used to examine lexical interference caused by arousal, and humorous words, which are also highly arousing without being negatively valenced. While arousal ratings were strongly positively correlated with both tabooness and humor ratings for young adults, these relationships weakened with age and overall arousal ratings were lower for middle-aged and older adults compared to young adults. Age effects cannot be readily accounted for by age-related differences in psychosocial variables such as self-reported profanity avoidance or religiosity. The effect of age on arousal should be considered in the design of studies examining age-related changes in emotional language processing. Furthermore, age differences in arousal should be considered as a potential mechanism in studies exploring emotional language processing across adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.7 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000775

Chia-Lin Lee, Chia-Ho Lai

{"title":"Age-related differences in understanding pronominal reference in sentence comprehension: An electrophysiological investigation.","authors":"Chia-Lin Lee, Chia-Ho Lai","doi":"10.1037/pag0000775","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000775","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate how age affects the ability to comprehend sentence meaning, specifically how individuals resolve pronouns to their corresponding nouns. The study included 34 young participants (20-29 years old) and 34 older participants (60-81 years old). The participants were presented with sentences containing two characters and a third-person singular pronoun. Stereotypical genders associated with character names were manipulated such that the pronoun had either one, two, or no possible antecedents, rendering the pronoun referentially unambiguous, ambiguous, or mismatched, respectively. Consistent with the prior findings on preserved syntactic processing with advanced age, event-related potential data time-locked to the critical pronouns showed a P600 effect to mismatched pronouns regardless of age. These results indicate that older adults, like their younger counterparts, have a strong preference for readily available antecedents. When the pronoun was ambiguous, younger adults showed a typical Nref effect-a sustained anterior negativity associated with elaborative inferencing to search for the referent. Older adults did not exhibit this effect, suggesting a reduction in elaborative processes for establishing coherence. Nevertheless, the Nref response to ambiguous pronouns was observed in a subset of older adults, who also showed a Nref instead of P600 response to mismatched pronouns. Overall, individuals who elicited the Nref response to ambiguous pronouns were associated with a higher level of print exposure, suggesting that life-long reading experience may help to counteract age-related decline. Together, these findings help characterize the differential effects of aging on pronominal understanding and provide initial electrophysiological evidence of the protective benefit of print exposure on language processing in the aging population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10477449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0