Psychology and Aging最新文献

{"title":"Younger adults' attitudes toward aging and older adults: Do views differ by gender and sexual identity?","authors":"Erik M Benau, Colette R Vaughan, Marty A Cooper","doi":"10.1037/pag0000979","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ageism remains a pervasive form of prejudice, yet little work has examined how it intersects with gender and sexual identity. Using two studies and one exploratory analysis of U.S. adults aged 18-51 (total <i>N</i> = 698), we tested how sexual and gender identities were associated with (a) interpersonal ageism and (b) comfort with aging. For ageism, Study 1 (heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and other minoritized sexual and gender populations men and women) showed that men reported greater ageist attitudes than women, with no association of sexual identity. Study 2, a preregistered follow-up limited to monosexual (gay/lesbian and heterosexual) individuals, did not replicate this gender effect. However, in exploratory Study 3, which disaggregated gay/lesbian, bisexual+, and heterosexual men and women, the association with gender reemerged. Notably, bisexual+ individuals reported the greatest ageist attitudes in these analyses. Patterns related to comfort with aging also varied: In Study 1, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and other minoritized sexual and gender populations participants reported the lowest comfort (no gender effect); in Study 2, gay/lesbian women reported the lowest and heterosexual women the highest, with men not differing from women; and in Study 3, bisexual+ participants fell between monosexual groups (with no association with gender). These findings challenge stereotypes that younger lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and other minoritized sexual and gender populations, especially gay men, are uniquely ageist. Instead, they suggest that gendered socialization and minority stress shape attitudes toward aging and older adults in complex ways. Understanding these dynamics is essential for designing interventions that foster intergenerational connection, reduce aging-related fears, and promote healthier aging across diverse populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"581-596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health and energy outlook predict health outcomes 20 years later.","authors":"Morgan K Taylor, Margie E Lachman","doi":"10.1037/pag0000976","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research has shown that older adults who rate their health and energy more positively have better health outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship have not been formally tested, especially in a long-term longitudinal, full adult lifespan sample. We used data from the Midlife in the United States study to investigate whether outlooks regarding one's health and energy assessed at Wave 1 would be associated with health outcomes (health limitations, chronic conditions) 20 years later at Wave 3. At Wave 1, participants were asked to rate their past (10 years prior) and future (10 years hence) health and energy on a scale from 0 to 10. To determine outlook, we computed a difference score by subtracting participants' past rating from their future rating. We found that health and energy outlook was negatively associated with residual change in health at Wave 3, such that those with more positive outlooks experienced fewer increases in health limitations over time. Participant age and sex did not interact with this relationship, but education did, suggesting a positive health outlook may be more important for those with lower levels of education. Mediation analysis revealed that positive health behaviors (more frequent physical activity, less smoking) partially mediated the relationship between positive outlook and better health outcomes. Finally, a positive energy outlook was associated with a 6% decrease in mortality risk before accounting for baseline health. We discuss factors that appear to underlie the relationship between health/energy outlook and future health outcomes and consider implications for interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"570-580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12888795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging and motor adaptation: Increased movement variability, slowing rates of adaptation, and smaller aftereffects.","authors":"Alex Swainson, Nadia L Cerminara, Richard Apps, Iain D Gilchrist","doi":"10.1037/pag0000982","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies over the past 3 decades have shown decreased motor adaptation with age. The most widely supported theory for this change proposes that older adults fail to successfully implement cognitive strategies to facilitate performance. However, increased movement variability may also affect adaptation with age, but this has to date remained unstudied. Here, we examine whether age-related increases in movement variability influence adaptation. Healthy older adults (<i>N</i> = 48) exhibited significantly higher levels of baseline movement variability than younger adults (<i>N</i> = 60) in a visuomotor adaptation task, with variability increasing modestly with advancing age. Across all participants, greater movement variability correlated with slower rates of adaptation and smaller aftereffects. In our study, we also manipulated perturbation magnitude and sensory feedback in the task: such manipulations should facilitate participants applying cognitive strategies to the larger, more identifiable perturbation. Altering perturbation magnitude and sensory feedback did not affect the relationship between age and measures of adaptation performance, suggesting that adaptive changes with age cannot be fully accounted for by changes in the generation or the application of cognitive strategies in this task. While our results are correlational, they suggest instead that increased movement variability may contribute to the age-related decline in visuomotor adaptation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":"626-639"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of age in rule-based and information-integration category learning tasks.","authors":"Virginia Fleming, Samantha Curtis, Matthew J Crossley","doi":"10.1037/pag0001016","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0001016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to acquire new skills is essential throughout the lifespan and allows older adults to maintain independence and quality of life. Age-related declines in learning may stem from impairments in declarative systems supporting rule-based (RB) reasoning, procedural systems supporting associative learning, or their interaction. Prior work has yielded mixed findings regarding which of these specific processes (simple rules, complex rules, or procedural acquisition) is disproportionately affected by aging. Category learning provides a useful paradigm to disentangle these possibilities, as it distinguishes between RB tasks supported by the declarative system and information-integration (II) tasks driven by the procedural system. The present study compared younger (<i>n</i> = 53; aged 17-49 years) and older (<i>n</i> = 30; aged 60-79 years) adults on a one-dimensional (1RB), a two-dimensional (2RB), and an II category learning task. Bayesian survival analyses revealed that older adults reached criterion at approximately 57% of the rate of younger adults in the 1RB task, 78% in the 2RB task, and 75% in the II task. Thus, age-related slowing was greatest in the simplest RB condition and weaker in the more complex 2RB and II tasks. The 1RB effect was also estimated with greater clarity, whereas the 2RB and II effects were directionally similar but more uncertain. These effects may reflect impairments in either or both learning systems or difficulty shifting between them. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related differences in autobiographical memory recall: Impact of retrieval mode switching.","authors":"Greta Melega, Alice Bush, Tabitha James, Riccardo Sacripante, Louis Renoult","doi":"10.1037/pag0001009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0001009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flexibility in the recall of autobiographical memories, from highly detailed unique episodes to more abstract and decontextualized personal knowledge, depends on control processes and contextual factors, including the specific task demands. Here, we investigated the costs of switching between different types of autobiographical retrieval in young and older adults. In an online task, participants were first instructed to recall specific (unique) and categoric (repeated) events sequentially (baseline block). They were then asked to alternate between specific and categoric retrieval (switching block). We analyzed autobiographical memory recall as content alignment with instructions (e.g., describing a unique event when instructed to recall a specific memory) and details produced (e.g., describing a unique event with rich episodic details). Our results revealed that participants recalled fewer memories consistent with instructions in the switching block than in the baseline block. In particular, older adults showed a lower performance for categoric but not specific memories in the switching than in the baseline block. However, most age group differences emerged when considering the type of details produced, regardless of task-switching demands. When instructed to recall specific events, older adults' narratives included a lower proportion of episodic details and a higher proportion of semantic details than young adults. Similarly, when instructed to recall categoric events, older adults recalled a lower proportion of repeated event details but a higher proportion of semantic information than young adults. Together these results reveal that autobiographical memory retrieval in aging varies with task demands, though intertwined with a prevalent episodic-to-semantic shift across instructions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148593959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of virtual reality in palliative care across the lifespan: Evidence from training to clinical use in life-limiting conditions.","authors":"Jhon Alexander Moreno, Eugénie Côté, Célia Rigoulat, Anna Šebová, Capucine Pichon, Mégan Dubois, Salima Belhouari, Pénélope Pelletier, Carlota Caamano, Iveta Fajnerová","doi":"10.1037/pag0000981","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual reality has demonstrated its usability, acceptability, and clinical benefits. Its application in palliative care has grown steadily to address both physical and psychological symptoms. This study aims to systematically review the scientific literature on the use of virtual reality in palliative care across the lifespan. A comprehensive search was conducted in five databases from inception to June 2025 using keywords such as « Virtual Reality », « Palliative Care », and « End-of-Life». Abstracts and titles were independently screened using COVIDENCE software, followed by an independent full-text review. In the final phase, four independent reviewers performed data extraction, assessed the level of immersion, evaluated study quality, and reported adverse effects. Of the 1,395 records, 54 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, study quality was judged to be good, and most of them involved high levels of immersion. The majority of studies included mixed samples of adults and older adults, while relatively few focused exclusively on children or older adults. Adverse reactions were reported in 9% of the studies. Virtual reality was used for clinical purposes in end-of-life care, other life-limiting conditions, cancer care, palliative care education and training, support for family caregivers, and facilitation of end-of-life decision making. In conclusion, virtual reality appears to be a safe, feasible, and nonpharmacological intervention for managing physical and psychological symptoms in individuals receiving palliative care across the lifespan. In addition, virtual reality shows promise as a supportive tool for family caregivers and as an effective educational strategy in palliative care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematically reducing schematic information during encoding differentially impacts true and false memory at retrieval in younger and older adults.","authors":"Alexa Becker, Rebecca L Wagner, Nancy A Dennis","doi":"10.1037/pag0001008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0001008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schemas are abstract representations that aid memory performance by providing a structured context through which memories can be both encoded and retrieved. Older adults have been shown to particularly benefit from schema support as a memory aid. Yet, while helpful to true memory for schematic information, reliance on schemas has also been shown to lead to high rates of false memories for novel yet schematically related information, as well as diminished memory for information that falls outside of an active schema. The current research sought to examine how systematically manipulating naturalistic contextualization as well as the density of schematic information present during encoding may alter subsequent true and false memory for both schematic and nonschematic information. To examine this, we systematically altered the ratio of schematic-to-nonschematic information present during encoding across four conditions in a sample of healthy younger and older adults. Overall, both younger and older adults responded more accurately to schematic compared to nonschematic targets, replicating past work highlighting the benefit of schemas to memory performance. Results also showed that systematically reducing the amount of schematic information present at encoding improved memory discriminability. Specifically, as there was less schematic information present at encoding, false alarms to schematic lures decreased, and hits to nonschematic targets increased. Additionally, when items were decontextualized from a naturalistic scene, false alarms to nonschematic lures decreased. Hits to schematic targets were equitable across conditions. Taken together, the results demonstrate that while schemas maintain a strong influence on memory performance across the lifespan, this effect can be manipulated with reduced schematic information. Such findings reveal the extent to which the pervasive influence of schemas on memory can be swayed by manipulating the amount of schematic information present during encoding and provide critical knowledge for the optimal usage of schemas as a memory support across the lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future self-views of aging and social activities: Domain-specific bidirectional links across adulthood.","authors":"Christina Ristl, Selma Korlat, Fiona S Rupprecht, M Clara P de Paula Couto, Klaus Rothermund, Jana Nikitin","doi":"10.1037/pag0001011","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0001011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How people anticipate their own aging may influence whether and how they stay socially engaged in later life. This study examined whether future self-views of aging predict self-reported social activities over time and whether social activities, in turn, shape individuals' future self-views of aging. Data were drawn from 459 German adults aged 30-80 years, assessed at three time points over a 10-year period. Participants reported their future self-views of aging in three social domains-family, friendship, and formal engagement-as well as their weekly hours spent in domain-matched social activities. We applied random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to test within-person, bidirectional associations and conducted age-group comparisons. More positive future self-views of aging predicted increases in corresponding social activities over time-but not vice versa. In age-group analyses, an association between family-related future self-views of aging and later family activities emerged specifically among older adults. These associations remained when adjusting for subjective health, age, neuroticism, extraversion, and partnership status. Expectations about aging and formal engagement (e.g., clubs or volunteering) predicted behavior only among participants without a partner. Overall, the findings suggest that how individuals envision their aging selves is prospectively related to their social engagement, with associations differing by age and relational domain. Future self-views of aging may represent one motivational pathway through which adults maintain social involvement, particularly in developmentally salient domains or when close relational resources are limited. Interventions that foster more positive expectations about one's own aging may help support sustained social participation across adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148580536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-based stereotype threat mechanisms: Evidence from a working-memory task.","authors":"Sarah J Barber, Caroline McDonald, Kehinde Akintola, Dobromir Rahnev","doi":"10.1037/pag0001006","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0001006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age-based stereotype threat (ABST) occurs when older adults worry about being judged by a negative ageist stereotype. Although ABST can impair cognitive performance, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and two prominent frameworks offer different explanations. The <i>integrated process model</i> proposes that ABST heightens arousal, negative affect, and self-monitoring, which together consume working-memory resources and reduce processing efficiency. In a working-memory task, ABST should therefore lead to reduced hits, slower responding, increased false alarms, and slower evidence accumulation (i.e., lower drift rates in a drift diffusion model). In contrast, the <i>regulatory focus account</i> proposes that ABST induces a prevention focus that prioritizes vigilance and avoids commission errors. ABST should therefore lead to reduced hits, slower responding, reduced false alarms, increased omissions, and increased response caution (i.e., higher boundary separation in a drift diffusion model). To test these predictions, older adults completed a baseline 2-back task and then repeated the task under either control instructions or instructions designed to elicit ABST. Compared with the control condition, participants in the ABST condition showed reduced practice-related gains in hit rates and a selective increase in omissions. No ABST effects were observed for response times, false alarms, drift rates, or boundary separation. Although this pattern aligns with some aspects of the regulatory focus account, ABST did not consistently result in more cautious responding, and the ABST-related increase in omissions could also reflect reduced working-memory efficiency. Overall, the findings suggest that ABST can undermine correct responding without producing clear changes in underlying decision parameters. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148473562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How episodic memory drives older adults' decision-making under gain and loss contexts.","authors":"Jianqin Wang, Yifan Fan, Lin Chen, Xiuyan Guo","doi":"10.1037/pag0001002","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0001002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults often suffer from financial exploitations due to impaired decision-making. Meanwhile, older adults exhibit declined episodic memory in terms of lower recognition and associative memories compared with younger adults. An interesting yet unanswered question is whether there is a direct impact of age-related memory impairment on older adults' decision-making, especially under gain and loss contexts. In the present study, younger and older adults played an investment game in which they learned that some agent faces from an investment institution helped them gain money and some made them lose money. In a subsequent decision-making phase, they chose between different agents to achieve gains and avoid losses, and finally their memories were tested. Older adults showed poorer associative memory than younger adults, which led to their lower decision-making performance than younger adults regardless of gain/loss contexts, showing a symmetric aging effect of decision-making impairment under gain and loss contexts. Critically, we found that associative memory drove older adults' decision-making less efficiently as it did for younger adults in both gain and loss contexts. These results provide supporting evidence for the associative deficit hypothesis and a dissociation between episodic memory and decision-making in older adults. Hence, our study has uncovered potential mnemonic mechanisms underlying older adults' financial decision-making deficiency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148438676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}