Psychology and Aging最新文献_第5页

Prefrontal overrecruitment in older adults: Task demand-dependent efficiency and implications for cognitive aging. 老年人前额叶过度招募：任务需求依赖效率及其对认知老化的影响。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000920

Shulan Hsieh, Meng-Heng Yang, Zai-Fu Yao

{"title":"Prefrontal overrecruitment in older adults: Task demand-dependent efficiency and implications for cognitive aging.","authors":"Shulan Hsieh, Meng-Heng Yang, Zai-Fu Yao","doi":"10.1037/pag0000920","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000920","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined how prefrontal overactivation in older adults relates to cognitive performance across systematically varied task demands, testing predictions from major neural compensation theories. Using a visual discrimination paradigm, we parametrically manipulated perceptual load, discrimination precision, and response rule complexity. Participants included younger (N = 36; aged 19-33) and older adults (N = 36; aged 56-82). Task performance was measured using inverse efficiency scores (IES), and functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed brain activation. Older adults demonstrated disproportionately higher IES, especially under the most complex condition, suggesting reduced efficiency with rising demand. fMRI revealed widespread frontoparietal network activation differences, with older adults showing increased recruitment of frontal regions compared with younger adults, especially at higher task demands. Critically, prefrontal overactivation in older adults correlated negatively with performance at the highest demand level, indicating capacity-limited compensation. Additionally, older adults exhibited reduced default mode network suppression and diminished dorsal attention network recruitment, both of which were associated with poorer task performance. These findings support the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis, which predicts a transition from adaptive to inefficient recruitment as cognitive demands increase. They also align with broader frameworks such as the posterior-anterior shift in aging and the revised scaffolding theory of aging and cognition, emphasizing the role of task complexity in shaping compensatory patterns. Overall, the adaptiveness of neural overactivation in older adults appears to depend on its relationship to both task demands and behavioral performance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of visual distractors on discourse coherence in young and older adults: A test of the inhibitory deficit hypothesis. 视觉干扰物对年轻人和老年人语篇连贯的影响：抑制缺陷假说的检验。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000910

Clara Moeller, Holly Maclean, Paul Hoffman

{"title":"Effects of visual distractors on discourse coherence in young and older adults: A test of the inhibitory deficit hypothesis.","authors":"Clara Moeller, Holly Maclean, Paul Hoffman","doi":"10.1037/pag0000910","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000910","url":null,"abstract":"Producing coherent discourse requires us to regulate the content of our speech and avoid interference from discourse-irrelevant concepts that become active in semantic memory. The inhibitory deficit hypothesis proposes that coherence declines in later life are due to a reduced ability to inhibit these irrelevant ideas. However, the existing evidence in support of this view is correlational. We performed an experimental test of the hypothesis by asking young (18-25) and older (70-90) participants to produce discourse on a range of topics while attending to two types of visual distractors: images of meaningful concepts and meaningless abstract patterns. The overall global coherence of responses was lower when participants were distracted (cf. no distraction) but this effect was not larger for meaningful distractors. Participants also spoke more slowly under distraction. These effects did not differ between age groups. Critically, however, in the meaningful distractor condition, responses diverged from the original topic more quickly than in the other conditions. This effect was only present in older participants. These results suggest two underlying effects at play. First, performing a concurrent task has a general effect on the speed and coherence of discourse, which in this study was age-invariant. Second, for older people, tasks that activate a series of irrelevant semantic representations have an additional cumulative effect on discourse content, causing it to deviate off topic more rapidly. Our results support the inhibitory deficit hypothesis and suggest that older people can improve their coherence by avoiding semantically laden environmental distractors like TV or radio programes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neighborhood disadvantage and subjective cognitive function among older Black women. 黑人老年妇女的邻里劣势与主观认知功能。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000919

Tanisha G Hill-Jarrett, Peter T Buto, Devon Delaney, Ketlyne Sol, Lisa L Barnes, Zinzi Bailey, Kasim Ortiz, Jacqueline M Hicks, Lauren Delp, Yvette C Cozier, Patricia Coogan, Lynn Rosenberg, M Maria Glymour

{"title":"Neighborhood disadvantage and subjective cognitive function among older Black women.","authors":"Tanisha G Hill-Jarrett, Peter T Buto, Devon Delaney, Ketlyne Sol, Lisa L Barnes, Zinzi Bailey, Kasim Ortiz, Jacqueline M Hicks, Lauren Delp, Yvette C Cozier, Patricia Coogan, Lynn Rosenberg, M Maria Glymour","doi":"10.1037/pag0000919","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000919","url":null,"abstract":"Black Americans a have higher risk of cognitive impairment relative to other racial/ethnic groups, and Black women have the highest prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias; however, the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment are poorly understood. Neighborhood-level exposures that adversely influence cognitive aging may be distinct for Black women given historical and contemporary structural racism and sexism and their influence on neighborhood environments, which, in turn, adversely affect the cognitive health of Black women. This study examined the cross-sectional association between the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and subjective cognitive function among 20,768 Black Women's Health Study cohort participants (Mage = 64.6, SD = 7.22). Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for moderate (1-2 concerns) and poor (≥ 3 concerns) versus good (0 concerns) subjective cognitive function associated with quintiles of ADI ascertained in 2015. In the unadjusted model, greater neighborhood disadvantage was associated with subjective cognitive impairment. However, this association was fully attenuated after adjusting for education. Results suggest neighborhood-level disadvantage, as measured by the ADI, is not associated with increased cognitive concerns after accounting for education among Black women. Although the ADI is well-established as a correlate of many health outcomes, primarily in White individuals, it has rarely been used in samples of exclusively Black individuals. Different measures of the neighborhood environment may be more pertinent for differentiating risk among Black women or for predicting subjective cognitive function. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12233140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"A continuous opening of life": Perspectives on aging across time, gender, and race. “生命的持续开放”：跨越时间、性别和种族的老龄化视角。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000913

Kristen M Johnson, Bidushi Bhowmik, Noor M Al-Khaouli, Hollen N Reischer

{"title":"\"A continuous opening of life\": Perspectives on aging across time, gender, and race.","authors":"Kristen M Johnson, Bidushi Bhowmik, Noor M Al-Khaouli, Hollen N Reischer","doi":"10.1037/pag0000913","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000913","url":null,"abstract":"Research on narrative identity-the ongoing process of shaping and being shaped by life stories-provides rich insights into personality development and can predict psychosocial well-being. However, narratives about aging remain underexamined, limiting our understanding of narrative identity processes over the life course. We explored individuals' narratives on aging, examining how narrative themes vary across age, gender, and race and relate to four domains of self-reported well-being (psychological well-being, generativity, physical health, body image). We analyzed narrative scenes from 143 late midlife adults (62% women, 38% men; 58% White, 40% Black, 2% interracial/other) twice, first at Mage = 60.37 (SD = 0.90; n = 135) and again at Mage = 64.5 (SD = 0.95; n = 136). Participants responded to questions about stability versus change in personal identity and feelings about the aging process. We coded five narrative themes: agency, communion, closure, self-actualization, and exploratory processing. Results showed that exploratory processing was the only narrative theme to show significant mean-level change (increase) over time. Black participants scored higher than White participants on agency, self-actualization, and closure; no gender differences were found. Most narrative themes predicted well-being measures in models controlling for race. In particular, self-actualization predicted all four measures, and agency predicted all but generativity. Psychological well-being was predicted by four of five themes, and physical health/fitness was predicted by three. We interpret these findings in the context of the interplay of race, gender, and master narratives and highlight the importance of narrative identity processes to well-being in late midlife, with implications for understanding diverse aging experiences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of task-set preparation and modality compatibility in age-related effects on cognitive flexibility: Evidence from task switching. 任务集准备和模态兼容性在年龄对认知灵活性影响中的作用：来自任务转换的证据。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000907

Ludivine A P Schils, Iring Koch, Pi-Chun Huang, Shulan Hsieh, Denise N Stephan

{"title":"The role of task-set preparation and modality compatibility in age-related effects on cognitive flexibility: Evidence from task switching.","authors":"Ludivine A P Schils, Iring Koch, Pi-Chun Huang, Shulan Hsieh, Denise N Stephan","doi":"10.1037/pag0000907","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000907","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulus-response (S-R) modality compatibility refers to the mapping between the stimulus modality and the modality of the response-related sensory consequences. Previous studies found larger costs of task switching with modality-incompatible mappings (auditory-manual and visual-vocal) compared to modality-compatible mappings (auditory-vocal and visual-manual). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether older adults show increased effects of modality compatibility in task switching and whether this age-related performance difference can be reduced with sufficient preparation time. Young adults (n = 44, Mage = 20.6 years) and older adults (n = 44, Mage = 70.9 years) were presented with simultaneous auditory and visual stimuli (i.e., bimodal stimulation) both at the same side or at different sides. In each trial, the target modality was indicated by a preceding cue in the target modality (i.e., auditory or visual target), which could switch versus repeat from trial to trial. Participants responded to the position of the target either manually or vocally based on prior instructions and the cue, while the cue-target interval was varied to examine task-set preparation. Importantly, in modality-compatible blocks, visual targets were mapped to manual responses and auditory targets to vocal responses, whereas this mapping was reversed in modality-incompatible blocks. Older adults showed both larger mixing costs and larger switch costs generally, and both types of costs were also larger with modality-incompatible mappings. Longer preparation time led to generally reduced switch costs, but this was not age-specific. Together, the data suggest that shielding against modality-specific crosstalk is impaired in older adults in contexts requiring updating of multimodal modality mappings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social interactions buffer the effects of poor health on older adults' well-being. 社会互动可以缓冲健康状况不佳对老年人福祉的影响。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000915

Carlotta E Grünjes, Birthe Macdonald, Gizem Hülür

{"title":"Social interactions buffer the effects of poor health on older adults' well-being.","authors":"Carlotta E Grünjes, Birthe Macdonald, Gizem Hülür","doi":"10.1037/pag0000915","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000915","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines whether social interactions in different modalities buffer the effects of poor self-reported health on well-being in older adults. We apply multilevel models to experience sampling data including daily assessments of health, frequency of social interactions (face-to-face, telephone, and digital text-based) and well-being (positive and negative affect, loneliness) from 118 older adults (Mage = 71.75; SDage = 5.05). Between subjects, fewer health complaints were associated with higher well-being. Within-subjects, well-being was higher on days when subjects reported better health and fewer health complaints than their average. The findings regarding the buffering effects were inconsistent: In line with our hypothesis, on days with more face-to-face interactions, the effect of daily self-reported health on loneliness was smaller. Similarly, on days with more telephone interactions, the effects of daily self-reported health on positive affect and loneliness were smaller. Furthermore, for participants who experienced more telephone calls than others, the effect of overall health complaints on negative affect and loneliness was smaller. For participants who experienced more digital text-based social interactions than others, the effect of overall health complaints on positive affect and the effect of self-reported health on loneliness were weaker. Follow-up analyses that examined the pleasantness of social interaction as a buffering factor show that pleasantness did not buffer adverse effects of poor health on well-being more consistently than the frequency of social interactions did. Taken together, our findings show that poor health is a risk factor for well-being and social interactions in different modalities might partially buffer those adverse effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144530449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interrelations between daily stress processes and Big Five personality trait changes over 20 years. 20年来日常压力过程与大五人格特质变化的关系

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000912

William J Chopik, Jonathan Rush, Eric S Cerino

{"title":"Interrelations between daily stress processes and Big Five personality trait changes over 20 years.","authors":"William J Chopik, Jonathan Rush, Eric S Cerino","doi":"10.1037/pag0000912","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000912","url":null,"abstract":"Personality is characterized by continuity and the capacity to change across the lifespan. Integrative personality frameworks imply that variability in daily life experiences has the potential to evoke longer term changes in personality over time. However, strong tests of this assumption across the adult lifespan are relatively rare. We examined the interrelations between changes in daily stress reactivity and changes in Big Five personality traits over a nearly 20-year period. Three measurement bursts from the National Study of Daily Experiences (N = 2,022; 55% female) each included daily measures of stressor exposure and negative affect across eight consecutive days (yielding 33,942 days of data across 18 years of adulthood). At each wave, participants reported on their personality traits (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism). Multilevel structural equation modeling simultaneously modeled stress reactivity at Level 1; longitudinal changes in stress reactivity at Level 2; and the interrelations between changes in stress reactivity and changes in personality traits at Level 3. Higher reactivity at baseline was associated with lower levels of extraversion and conscientiousness and higher levels of neuroticism at baseline. Further, increases in reactivity across the 18-year period were associated with declines in extraversion, agreeableness, and openness. Changes in reactivity were not related to changes in neuroticism or conscientiousness. These findings clarify how changes in daily experiences are related to broader personality changes and inform integrative frameworks of personality development across the adult lifespan. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12354287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Looking back, looking ahead: Parental regret and longing for grandparenthood. 回顾过去，展望未来：父母的遗憾和对祖父母的渴望。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000908

Jasmin Dorry, Christian L Burk, Bettina S Wiese

{"title":"Looking back, looking ahead: Parental regret and longing for grandparenthood.","authors":"Jasmin Dorry, Christian L Burk, Bettina S Wiese","doi":"10.1037/pag0000908","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000908","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine parental regret, which is a domain-specific regret about one's own parenting history. In Study 1, we present a short questionnaire on parental regret and determine its construct validity and short-term stability in a sample of parents of adult children (NT1 = 286, NT2 = 120; 10-day interval; 71.5% women; age range = 42-74 years). The factor structure of parental regret was best depicted by a general and omission parental regret model. Furthermore, we found that parental regret was related to but not interchangeable with other regret concepts or dispositional pessimism. Study 2 examines parental regret's association with the longing for grandparenthood (N = 450 parents of adult children; 73.0% women; age range = 40-81 years; no grandchildren yet). We argue that regrets about how one behaved during one's children's childhood can lead one to resort to fantasies about idealized realities with future grandchildren, expressed in a longing for grandparenthood. As hypothesized, stronger parental regret was associated with stronger longing for grandparenthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamic interplay of daily uplifts and stressors with subjective age. 日常提升和压力源与主观年龄的动态相互作用。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000914

Anna E Kornadt, Maria Wirth, Shevaun D Neupert, Yuval Palgi, Amit Shrira, Christoph Niepel

{"title":"The dynamic interplay of daily uplifts and stressors with subjective age.","authors":"Anna E Kornadt, Maria Wirth, Shevaun D Neupert, Yuval Palgi, Amit Shrira, Christoph Niepel","doi":"10.1037/pag0000914","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000914","url":null,"abstract":"Negative experiences in daily life are related to feeling older, but the role of daily positive experiences for subjective age has rarely been investigated. Furthermore, the directionality of the relation between subjective age and daily experiences remains unclear. We thus investigated the dynamic interplay of daily subjective age and both daily stressors and uplifts. We hypothesized that the experience of daily stressors would be related to an older subjective age and daily uplifts to a younger subjective age. We also predicted reciprocal relations of stressors/uplifts and subjective age across days and addressed these questions using both a single item and a multidimensional operationalization of subjective age, asking about felt age in different domains. We used data from a daily diary study including N = 69 participants aged 52-75 years (Mage = 62.72, SD = 5.57, 58% women) who reported on their subjective age, daily stressors, and uplift experiences on 14 consecutive days. Dynamic structural equation models showed a differentiated picture: More uplifts were related to a younger subjective age within and between persons. Reporting more uplifts than usual on a given day predicted a younger subjective age than usual on the next day and vice versa, albeit the latter effect was only significant for the multidimensional operationalization. Surprisingly, stressors were unrelated to subjective age. The findings emphasize the importance of uplifts for daily aging experiences and provide empirical evidence for the conceptualization of subjective age as both a product and a driver of daily experiences in later life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144508911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for age-related differences in culprit-presence detection and guessing-based selection in lineups. 罪犯存在检测和基于猜测的队列选择的年龄相关差异的证据。

IF 3.5 1区心理学

Psychology and Aging Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000916

Carolin Mayer, Raoul Bell, Nicola Marie Menne, Amelie Therre, Ulla Lichtenhagen, Axel Buchner

{"title":"Evidence for age-related differences in culprit-presence detection and guessing-based selection in lineups.","authors":"Carolin Mayer, Raoul Bell, Nicola Marie Menne, Amelie Therre, Ulla Lichtenhagen, Axel Buchner","doi":"10.1037/pag0000916","DOIUrl":"10.1037/pag0000916","url":null,"abstract":"The well-validated two-high threshold eyewitness identification model was applied to examine age-related differences in the cognitive processes underlying eyewitness responses to sequential lineups. In the first step, a large data set originally collected for a different purpose was reanalyzed to examine age-related differences in culprit-presence detection, culprit-absence detection, and guessing-based selection among young to middle-aged adults, young-old adults, and old-old adults. In the second step, a novel experiment was conducted to test the robustness of the conclusions from the reanalysis. The results of both analyses are fairly consistent. The probabilities of memory-based culprit-presence detection and, to some degree, culprit-absence detection decrease with age. In contrast, the probability of guessing-based selection increases with age. This shift from memory-based detection to guessing-based selection highlights potential challenges for the validity of eyewitness testimony posed by age-related differences in the cognitive processes underlying eyewitness responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48426,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Aging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144477374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0