The role of task-set preparation and modality compatibility in age-related effects on cognitive flexibility: Evidence from task switching.

IF 3.5 1区 心理学 Q1 GERONTOLOGY
Ludivine A P Schils, Iring Koch, Pi-Chun Huang, Shulan Hsieh, Denise N Stephan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Stimulus-response (S-R) modality compatibility refers to the mapping between the stimulus modality and the modality of the response-related sensory consequences. Previous studies found larger costs of task switching with modality-incompatible mappings (auditory-manual and visual-vocal) compared to modality-compatible mappings (auditory-vocal and visual-manual). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether older adults show increased effects of modality compatibility in task switching and whether this age-related performance difference can be reduced with sufficient preparation time. Young adults (n = 44, Mage = 20.6 years) and older adults (n = 44, Mage = 70.9 years) were presented with simultaneous auditory and visual stimuli (i.e., bimodal stimulation) both at the same side or at different sides. In each trial, the target modality was indicated by a preceding cue in the target modality (i.e., auditory or visual target), which could switch versus repeat from trial to trial. Participants responded to the position of the target either manually or vocally based on prior instructions and the cue, while the cue-target interval was varied to examine task-set preparation. Importantly, in modality-compatible blocks, visual targets were mapped to manual responses and auditory targets to vocal responses, whereas this mapping was reversed in modality-incompatible blocks. Older adults showed both larger mixing costs and larger switch costs generally, and both types of costs were also larger with modality-incompatible mappings. Longer preparation time led to generally reduced switch costs, but this was not age-specific. Together, the data suggest that shielding against modality-specific crosstalk is impaired in older adults in contexts requiring updating of multimodal modality mappings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

任务集准备和模态兼容性在年龄对认知灵活性影响中的作用:来自任务转换的证据。
刺激-反应(S-R)模态相容性是指刺激模态与反应相关感觉结果模态之间的映射。先前的研究发现,与模态兼容映射(听觉-语音和视觉-手动)相比,模态不兼容映射(听觉-语音和视觉-手动)的任务切换成本更高。本研究的目的是探讨老年人在任务转换中是否表现出更强的模态兼容性,以及这种与年龄相关的表现差异是否可以通过充分的准备时间来减少。青年人(n = 44, Mage = 20.6岁)和老年人(n = 44, Mage = 70.9岁)在同侧或不同侧同时受到听觉和视觉刺激(即双峰刺激)。在每个试验中,目标模态由目标模态(即听觉或视觉目标)中的前一个线索指示,该线索可以在试验之间切换或重复。参与者根据先前的指示和提示对目标的位置做出手动或口头的反应,而提示-目标间隔的变化是为了检查任务集的准备情况。重要的是,在模态兼容的块中,视觉目标被映射到手动反应,听觉目标被映射到声音反应,而在模态不兼容的块中,这种映射是相反的。老年人普遍表现出较大的混合成本和较大的转换成本,并且两种类型的成本在模态不兼容映射中也较大。较长的准备时间通常会降低转换成本,但这并不是针对年龄的。综上所述,数据表明,在需要更新多模态映射的环境中,老年人对特定模态串扰的屏蔽功能受损。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA,版权所有)。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
10.80%
发文量
97
期刊介绍: Psychology and Aging publishes original articles on adult development and aging. Such original articles include reports of research that may be applied, biobehavioral, clinical, educational, experimental (laboratory, field, or naturalistic studies), methodological, or psychosocial. Although the emphasis is on original research investigations, occasional theoretical analyses of research issues, practical clinical problems, or policy may appear, as well as critical reviews of a content area in adult development and aging. Clinical case studies that have theoretical significance are also appropriate. Brief reports are acceptable with the author"s agreement not to submit a full report to another journal.
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