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Pollution-induced trips: Evidence from flight and train bookings in China 污染导致的旅行：来自中国航班和火车预订的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103340
Ruochen Dai , Dongmei Guo , Yajie Han , Yu Qin
{"title":"Pollution-induced trips: Evidence from flight and train bookings in China","authors":"Ruochen Dai ,&nbsp;Dongmei Guo ,&nbsp;Yajie Han ,&nbsp;Yu Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Utilizing a novel database including nearly 2.2 billion booking records in China, we examine whether people escape from pollution by traveling to “cleaner” places. Combining an instrumental variable approach with high-dimensional fixed effects, we find a 50-unit increase in the AQI gap between a city pair leads to a 1.30% (1.33%) increase in train and airline ticket bookings from the origin to the destination city departing within one day (2–7 days). In addition, the destination of such pollution-induced trips is more likely to be an intra-province city with more tourist attractions. We also measure willingness to pay for clean air.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Childhood migration and educational attainment: Evidence from Indonesia 儿童移民与教育成就：印度尼西亚的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103338
Hanna Schwank
{"title":"Childhood migration and educational attainment: Evidence from Indonesia","authors":"Hanna Schwank","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Millions of families migrate every year in search of better opportunities. Whether these opportunities materialize for the children brought with them depends on the quality of the destination that their parents selected. Exploiting variation in the age of migration, I analyze the impact of destination quality on the educational outcomes of childhood internal migrants in Indonesia. Using Population Census microdata from 2000 and 2010, I show that children who spend more time growing up in districts characterized by higher average educational attainment among permanent residents tend to exhibit greater probabilities of completing primary and secondary schooling. Moreover, educational outcomes of migrants converge with those of permanent residents at an average rate of 1.7 to 2.2 percent annually, with children from less educated households benefiting more from additional exposure. My findings suggest substantial heterogeneity of returns to childhood migration with respect to destination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000877/pdfft?md5=2768191feed6a1929f817955cd9ef755&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000877-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roads, competition, and the informal sector 道路、竞争和非正规部门
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103339
Elena Perra , Marco Sanfilippo , Asha Sundaram
{"title":"Roads, competition, and the informal sector","authors":"Elena Perra ,&nbsp;Marco Sanfilippo ,&nbsp;Asha Sundaram","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the impact of competition from better connectivity to domestic markets on formal and informal firms. Combining geolocalized information on road improvements under a large infrastructure investment programme with data on manufacturing firms in Ethiopia between 2001 and 2013, we show that an increase in competition is associated with higher labour productivity, capital-intensity, investment in physical capital and wages in the formal sector. On the contrary, there is no associated increase in labour productivity or wages in the informal sector. In fact, increased competition results in lower capital-intensity and investment, a shift in composition towards workers without primary education and a lower likelihood of operating in the informal sector. We thus highlight that the benefits of infrastructure improvement programmes may not accrue uniformly in the economy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103339"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000889/pdfft?md5=69ea6cfaa713026d30c61bd272d3ee87&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000889-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Internal migration and drug violence in Mexico 墨西哥的国内移民和毒品暴力
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103334
Lorenzo Aldeco Leo , Andrés Jurado , Aurora A. Ramírez-Álvarez
{"title":"Internal migration and drug violence in Mexico","authors":"Lorenzo Aldeco Leo ,&nbsp;Andrés Jurado ,&nbsp;Aurora A. Ramírez-Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study how internal migration responds to an increase in criminal violence in the context of Mexico’s 2007 War on Drugs. To identify causal effects, we exploit the changes in homicides generated by conflict between drug-trafficking organizations. Instrumental variable regressions show that high skilled individuals are less likely to migrate to a municipality where the homicide rate increased. Conversely, we find out-migration from municipalities that experienced an increase in murders but only to other municipalities in the same commuting zone. We interpret these facts as evidence that the migration response to increases in violence is tempered by moving costs. Using a discrete-choice model over destination choices, we estimate individuals would be willing to accept a reduction in wages of 0.15% to 0.58% to decrease the local homicide rate by 1%. The welfare cost of the post-2007 spike in homicides is in the order of 10% of GDP per year.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103334"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Returns to quality in rural agricultural markets: Evidence from wheat markets in Ethiopia 农村农产品市场的质量回报：埃塞俄比亚小麦市场的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103336
Jérémy Do Nascimento Miguel
{"title":"Returns to quality in rural agricultural markets: Evidence from wheat markets in Ethiopia","authors":"Jérémy Do Nascimento Miguel","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many Sub-Saharan countries, farmers cannot meet the growing urban demand for higher quality products. While the literature has focused on production-side constraints to enhance smallholder farmers’ output quality, there is scarce evidence of market-side constraints. Using a sample of 60 wheat markets in Ethiopia, I assess whether farmers received a price premium for supplying higher quality outputs. I exploit a unique feature of the data which precisely measures observable and less or unobservable quality attributes, and relate them to transaction prices. Observable attributes cannot serve as proxies for less observable ones. Transaction prices further reflect this, indicating that markets only reward quality attributes that are observable at no cost. However, these results hide cross-market heterogeneity. Farmers engage in relational contracts receive a higher price but similar rewards for quality. Observable quality attributes are better rewarded in markets with more traders per farmer, while unobservable attributes are rewarded in the presence of other value chain actors (i.e., grain millers and farmer cooperatives). Both regression and machine learning approaches support these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000853/pdfft?md5=18c8f8752770cfc7cbc6102ebd009af6&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000853-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formal insurance and altruism networks 正规保险和利他主义网络
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103335
Tizié Bene, Yann Bramoullé, Frédéric Deroïan
{"title":"Formal insurance and altruism networks","authors":"Tizié Bene,&nbsp;Yann Bramoullé,&nbsp;Frédéric Deroïan","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study how altruism networks affect the demand for formal insurance. Agents with CARA utilities are connected through a network of altruistic relationships. Incomes are subject to a common shock and to a large individual shock, generating heterogeneous damages. Agents can buy formal insurance to cover the common shock, up to a coverage cap. We find that <em>ex-post</em> altruistic transfers induce interdependence in <em>ex-ante</em> formal insurance decisions. We characterize the Nash equilibria of the insurance game and show that agents act as if they are trying to maximize the expected utility of a representative agent with average damages. Altruism thus tends to increase demand of low-damage agents and to decrease demand of high-damage agents. Its aggregate impact depends on the interplay between demand homogenization, the zero lower bound and the coverage cap. We find that aggregate demand is higher with altruism than without altruism at low prices and lower at high prices. Nash equilibria are constrained Pareto efficient.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103335"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000841/pdfft?md5=eea8398e3d665eda1d5f53baf2c56a52&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000841-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elite persistence in Sierra Leone: What can names tell us? 塞拉利昂的精英持续存在：名字能告诉我们什么？
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103333
Yannick Dupraz , Rebecca Simson
{"title":"Elite persistence in Sierra Leone: What can names tell us?","authors":"Yannick Dupraz ,&nbsp;Rebecca Simson","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Is elite persistence weaker in Africa than in other parts of the world, given historical barriers to intergenerational inheritance of status, such as limited private property rights and frequent economic and political crises? In the absence of linked intergenerational data, we use name analysis to address this question. Using surnames associated with two Sierra Leonean elites, Krio descendants of settlers and members of chiefly lineages, we measure elite persistence in politics, education and business since 1960. Both groups were highly overrepresented in elite positions at independence, and remain overrepresented today. Benchmarking our results against other countries shows that Sierra Leone's educational elites are as persistent as elsewhere, but elite persistence in the political sphere is lower than in the United Kingdom, our main comparator. We also show marked path dependence: chiefly descendants remain more overrepresented in politics and mining, while the Krio are highly over-represented in education and the professions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103333"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000828/pdfft?md5=90ba4bd75546f585b3f770302d18c6ac&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000828-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141704996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How distortive are turnover taxes? Evidence from China 营业税有多大扭曲作用？来自中国的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103332
Jing Xing , Katarzyna Bilicka , Xipei Hou , Sepideh Raei
{"title":"How distortive are turnover taxes? Evidence from China","authors":"Jing Xing ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Bilicka ,&nbsp;Xipei Hou ,&nbsp;Sepideh Raei","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the impact of tax cascading on upstream and downstream firms. As a natural experiment, we explore a reform that replaced turnover taxes with value-added taxes for service industries in China, which effectively removed tax cascading. We find a relative increase in sales, R&amp;D investment, and employment for affected service firms. These changes are mainly driven by increased outsourcing from manufacturing firms, and are unlikely to be caused by changes in firms’ tax burden or output prices. Our study provides new evidence on how taxation affects supplier networks and firm performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103332"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
College opportunity and teen fertility: Evidence from Ser Pilo Paga in Colombia 大学机会与青少年生育率：来自哥伦比亚 Ser Pilo Paga 的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103321
Michael D. Bloem , Jesús Villero
{"title":"College opportunity and teen fertility: Evidence from Ser Pilo Paga in Colombia","authors":"Michael D. Bloem ,&nbsp;Jesús Villero","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the effects of an increase in post-secondary educational opportunities on teen fertility by exploiting policy-induced variation from <em>Ser Pilo Paga</em> (SPP), a generous college financial aid program in Colombia that dramatically expanded college opportunities for low-income students. Our preferred empirical approach uses a triple difference design that leverages variation in the share of female students eligible for the program across municipalities and the fact that the introduction of SPP should not affect the education and fertility decisions of older women not targeted by the program. We find that after the introduction of SPP, fertility rates for women aged 15–19 years old decreased in more affected municipalities by about 6 percent relative to less affected municipalities. This effect accounts for approximately one-fourth of the overall decrease in teen fertility observed in the years following the program’s announcement. Our results suggest that increasing economic opportunities through expanding college access can contribute to lowering teen fertility rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103321"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141595017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Faster, taller, better: Transit improvements and land use policies 更快、更高、更好：改善交通和土地使用政策
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103322
Liming Chen , Rana Hasan , Yi Jiang , Andrii Parkhomenko
{"title":"Faster, taller, better: Transit improvements and land use policies","authors":"Liming Chen ,&nbsp;Rana Hasan ,&nbsp;Yi Jiang ,&nbsp;Andrii Parkhomenko","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the interaction between transit improvements and land use policies. Bengaluru, one of India’s largest cities, inaugurated a metro system in 2011 but has extremely low building heights, even near metro stations. We build a rich dataset and a quantitative spatial model in which heterogeneous workers choose among different commuting modes. We find that the metro increases citywide output and welfare, even net of costs. However, the net gains are several times larger with transit-oriented development (TOD), <em>i.e.</em>, when height limits are relaxed near stations. Moreover, TOD and the construction of the metro are complementary policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141439123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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