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Market timing, farmer expectations, and liquidity constraints 市场时机、农民预期和流动性限制
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103268
Rui Albuquerque , Bruno de Araujo , Luis Brandao-Marques , Gerivasia Mosse , Pippy de Vletter , Helder Zavale
{"title":"Market timing, farmer expectations, and liquidity constraints","authors":"Rui Albuquerque ,&nbsp;Bruno de Araujo ,&nbsp;Luis Brandao-Marques ,&nbsp;Gerivasia Mosse ,&nbsp;Pippy de Vletter ,&nbsp;Helder Zavale","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use data on price expectations from a survey of randomly sampled smallholder farmers in Mozambique. Across all crops, farmers report selling on average within three weeks of harvest, at lower prices than expected later in the season. Liquidity constrained farmers sell their harvest 50% faster than unconstrained farmers, but they increase their storage time in response to higher expected future prices. We address causality using an instrumental variables approach exploiting abnormal rainfall from cyclones Idai and Kenneth. We develop a model on market timing and its relation to price expectations and liquidity constraints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139999993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
English language requirement and educational inequality: Evidence from 16 million college applicants in China 英语语言要求与教育不平等：来自中国 1600 万大学申请者的证据
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103271
Hongbin Li , Lingsheng Meng , Kai Mu , Shaoda Wang
{"title":"English language requirement and educational inequality: Evidence from 16 million college applicants in China","authors":"Hongbin Li ,&nbsp;Lingsheng Meng ,&nbsp;Kai Mu ,&nbsp;Shaoda Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the unintended effect of English language requirement on educational inequality by investigating how the staggered rollout of English listening tests in China’s high-stakes National College Entrance Exam (NCEE) affected the rural–urban gap in college access. Leveraging administrative data covering the universe of NCEE participants between 1999 and 2003, we find that the introduction of English listening tests significantly lowered rural students’ exam score percentile ranks relative to their urban counterparts, resulting in a 30% increase in the rural–urban gap in college access. Our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that, as a result of this policy change, more than 54,000 rural students lost college seats to their urban peers between 1999 and 2003, and another 11,000 rural students who elite colleges could have admitted ended up in non-elite colleges, causing them significant future income losses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139999992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving smallholder agriculture via video-based group extension 通过视频小组推广改进小农农业
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103267
Tushi Baul , Dean Karlan , Kentaro Toyama , Kathryn Vasilaky
{"title":"Improving smallholder agriculture via video-based group extension","authors":"Tushi Baul ,&nbsp;Dean Karlan ,&nbsp;Kentaro Toyama ,&nbsp;Kathryn Vasilaky","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Providing agricultural advice at scale poses operational challenges. Technology may help if repeating content reinforces learning for recipients and thus improves adoption, but risks reducing efficacy given limited customization and human interaction. We tested videos shared with female farmers in India as a supplement to standard human-provided extension services promoting a climate-smart practice, System Rice Intensification. The average treatment effects are large but imprecise because of non-normally distributed outcomes, specifically fat right tails. Weighted quantile regressions show that the imprecision in estimating an average treatment effect comes from farmers with output or yields in the upper quantiles. Both quantile regressions of the 25% and 50% quantiles and a Bayesian hierarchical model (robust to several priors) reveal positive treatment effects, and two subtreatments, one that reinforces information on labor costs from adoption and a second that presents role models to motivate adoption, lead to even higher estimated treatment effects on output.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000166/pdfft?md5=d6547e7771651a99a222ca3f9c3c9c26&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000166-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The agricultural wage gap within rural villages 农村内部的农业工资差距
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103270
Ceren Baysan , Manzoor H. Dar , Kyle Emerick , Zhimin Li , Elisabeth Sadoulet
{"title":"The agricultural wage gap within rural villages","authors":"Ceren Baysan ,&nbsp;Manzoor H. Dar ,&nbsp;Kyle Emerick ,&nbsp;Zhimin Li ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Sadoulet","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use unique data on daily labor-market outcomes for Indian casual workers to study labor reallocation between agricultural and non-agricultural activities within rural areas. Controlling for both individual time-invariant attributes and time-varying shocks, we find that workers who switch sectors across years or even within a week can obtain 23% higher wages by taking non-agricultural jobs. We then estimate a discrete choice model of daily labor allocation that decomposes preferences for jobs into two types of disamenities: (i) those associated with job characteristics and (ii) those associated with location. We find that the first type of disamenity is 23% of wages for men and 38% for women, and the second type is 36% of wages for men and 31% for women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139935999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contracting, market access and deforestation 承包、市场准入和毁林
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103269
Ryan Abman , Clark Lundberg
{"title":"Contracting, market access and deforestation","authors":"Ryan Abman ,&nbsp;Clark Lundberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the impacts of market access on forest loss in Ghana through a program designed to increase smallholder participation in oil palm commodity markets. Improved market access is facilitated through production contracts in which smallholders receive credit to establish production, a guaranteed price and quantity for the contract duration, and output pickup at the village. Using a variety of difference-in-differences approaches, we find substantial increases in forest loss in targeted villages following the introduction of the contracting program. The findings suggest that the ecological impacts of reforms to market access may be sizeable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438782400018X/pdfft?md5=98af4a7d87d93e279748e8b59b9476a1&pid=1-s2.0-S030438782400018X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139921350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Keeping refugee children in school and out of work: Evidence from the world's largest humanitarian cash transfer program 让难民儿童不辍学、不失业：来自世界上最大的人道主义现金转移计划的证据
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103266
Aysun Hızıroğlu Aygün , Murat Güray Kırdar , Murat Koyuncu , Quentin Stoeffler
{"title":"Keeping refugee children in school and out of work: Evidence from the world's largest humanitarian cash transfer program","authors":"Aysun Hızıroğlu Aygün ,&nbsp;Murat Güray Kırdar ,&nbsp;Murat Koyuncu ,&nbsp;Quentin Stoeffler","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates whether unconditional cash transfers can keep refugee children in school and out of work. We raise this question in the unique context of Turkey, which hosts the world's largest refugee population (including 3.6 million Syrians). Refugees in Turkey are supported by the world's largest cash transfer program for refugees, the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN). We exploit a program eligibility criterion to identify the causal impacts of the ESSN program using a regression discontinuity design. The results show a large effect on child labor and school enrollment among both male and female refugee children. Being a beneficiary household reduces the fraction of children working from 14.0% to 1.6% (a decrease of 88%) and the fraction of children aged 6–17 not in school from 36.2 to 13.7% (a reduction of 62%). By unpacking the mechanisms at play, we show that ESSN cash transfers become a significant part of a household's income, substantially alleviate extreme poverty, and reduce a family's need to resort to harmful coping strategies. Investigating the reasons for children not attending school, we find that the beneficiary households become more likely to send children to school because the cash transfer addresses both the opportunity cost and direct cost of schooling—although the former channel is more important. The findings have important implications for the design of policies aimed at supporting refugee children at scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender violence, enforcement, and human capital: Evidence from women’s justice centers in Peru 性别暴力、执法和人力资本：秘鲁妇女司法中心的证据
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103262
Maria Micaela Sviatschi , Iva Trako
{"title":"Gender violence, enforcement, and human capital: Evidence from women’s justice centers in Peru","authors":"Maria Micaela Sviatschi ,&nbsp;Iva Trako","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In many developing countries, access to justice remains unequal, especially for women. What are the implications of this inequality for gender-based violence and investments in children? This paper provides evidence from Peru’s women’s justice centers (WJCs), which are specialized institutions that provide police, medical and legal services to reduce gender-based violence. Examining the gradual rollout of WJCs across districts and villages, we find that the opening of a center reduces the incidence of gender-based violence, as measured by self-reported domestic violence, female deaths due to aggression, and hospitalizations due to mental health, by about 10%. This decrease in women’s exposure to violence has intergenerational effects: WJCs substantially increase human capital investments in children, raising school attendance and test scores. The evidence suggests that these results are driven by an increase in enforcement against gender violence. After a WJC opens, there is an increase in the reporting and prosecutions for gender-specific crimes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139936000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Breaking the silence – Group discussions and the adoption of menstrual health technologies 打破沉默--小组讨论与经期保健技术的采用
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103264
Silvia Castro, Clarissa Mang
{"title":"Breaking the silence – Group discussions and the adoption of menstrual health technologies","authors":"Silvia Castro,&nbsp;Clarissa Mang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stigma can hinder the adoption of beneficial and affordable technologies, particularly in sensitive health areas. Menstruation is a heavily stigmatized biological process, and managing menstruation with dignity and hygiene is a challenge in low-income settings. In this study, we conducted a randomized control trial to explore the impact of discussion-based interventions on breaking the silence around menstruation and shifting practices related to menstrual products. Our findings demonstrate a significant increase in the willingness to pay for well-known menstrual products and in the adoption of novel technologies post-intervention. The key driver of these outcomes is the reduction of menstruation-related stigma at the moment of the acquisition of the technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000130/pdfft?md5=b0feac64e7ef0e9f9a713156cceeb763&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000130-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139814055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A mother’s voice: Impacts of spousal communication training on child health investments 母亲的声音：配偶沟通培训对儿童健康投资的影响
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103263
Martina Björkman Nyqvist , Seema Jayachandran , Céline Zipfel
{"title":"A mother’s voice: Impacts of spousal communication training on child health investments","authors":"Martina Björkman Nyqvist ,&nbsp;Seema Jayachandran ,&nbsp;Céline Zipfel","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates a communication training program for mothers in Uganda, motivated by prior evidence suggesting that mothers often prioritize children’s needs more than fathers. The program aims to enable women to effectively communicate their knowledge and preferences about child health to their husbands, thereby increasing investments in children’s health. Using a randomized experiment, we find that the program increases spousal discussion about the family’s health, nutrition, and finances. It also increases women’s and children’s intake of animal-sourced foods, as well as household spending on these foods. We find that birthweight of newborns increases. However, the program did not increase households’ adoption of measured health-promoting behaviors or improve other child anthropometric measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000129/pdfft?md5=6a32cec67880beb02b00a9b647f39364&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000129-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139679750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Whom to ask? Testing respondent effects in household surveys 问谁？测试住户调查中的受访者效应
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103265
Lise Masselus , Nathan Fiala
{"title":"Whom to ask? Testing respondent effects in household surveys","authors":"Lise Masselus ,&nbsp;Nathan Fiala","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Household questionnaires typically survey the most knowledgeable household member, but this can lead to inaccurate data if they have limited information. Using data from survey experiments with 4,100 households in Paraguay and Uganda, we investigate whether there are discrepancies in intra-household reporting when multiple household members are interviewed. We randomly vary who responds to a survey on household income and food consumption using common approaches to respondent selection. We find that the mean and distribution of these variables is insensitive to respondent selection. However, there are discrepancies between spouses of the same household in Uganda that depend on the gender of the respondent or recipient of the income. Taken together, our results indicate that respondent selection does not markedly affect the aggregate analysis of households, but that it may matter for obtaining accurate information on income and consumption for a given household or by gender.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000142/pdfft?md5=9adbd44ba3b0b77fd648b5495d3155ff&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000142-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139679731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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