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The welfare effects of mobile broadband internet: Evidence from Nigeria 移动宽带互联网的福利效应：尼日利亚的证据
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103314
Kalvin Bahia , Pau Castells , Genaro Cruz , Takaaki Masaki , Xavier Pedrós , Tobias Pfutze , Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán , Hernán Winkler
{"title":"The welfare effects of mobile broadband internet: Evidence from Nigeria","authors":"Kalvin Bahia ,&nbsp;Pau Castells ,&nbsp;Genaro Cruz ,&nbsp;Takaaki Masaki ,&nbsp;Xavier Pedrós ,&nbsp;Tobias Pfutze ,&nbsp;Carlos Rodríguez-Castelán ,&nbsp;Hernán Winkler","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper estimates the impacts of mobile broadband coverage on household welfare in Nigeria. The analysis exploits a unique data set that integrates a longitudinal household survey with information from Nigerian mobile operators on the deployment of mobile broadband internet between 2010 and 2016. Overall, estimates show that mobile broadband coverage had large and positive impacts on household consumption thereby reducing poverty significantly. This effect is if anything stronger among poorer households. Labor force participation explains a big part of this welfare-enhancing effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103314"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141192269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social distancing and COVID-19 under violence: Evidence from Colombia 暴力事件下的社会疏远与 COVID-19：来自哥伦比亚的证据
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103313
Diego A. Martin , Dario A. Romero
{"title":"Social distancing and COVID-19 under violence: Evidence from Colombia","authors":"Diego A. Martin ,&nbsp;Dario A. Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Did violence increase social distancing and decrease COVID-19 cases? We investigated the effects of massacres on social distancing and subsequent impacts on COVID-19 cases in Colombia. Using an augmented synthetic control method model, we find that massacres reduced human mobility toward parks by six percentage points compared to unaffected areas. However, we did not find significant changes in workplace mobility. Moreover, alterations in social interactions caused by the violence had minimal effects on the spread of COVID-19. Following the occurrence of the first massacre, there was a decrease in 35 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants in the subsequent four months, with no evidence of changes in COVID-19 deaths. By leveraging an exogenous shock unrelated to the fear of the disease or its previous levels, we demonstrate the effect of social distancing and offer insights into social dynamics and public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103313"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Information frictions, belief updating and internal migration: Evidence from Ghana and Uganda 信息摩擦、信念更新和国内移民：来自加纳和乌干达的证据
IF 5.1 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103311
Sarah Frohnweiler , Bernd Beber , Cara Ebert
{"title":"Information frictions, belief updating and internal migration: Evidence from Ghana and Uganda","authors":"Sarah Frohnweiler ,&nbsp;Bernd Beber ,&nbsp;Cara Ebert","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Information frictions about benefits of migration can lead to inefficient migration choices. We study the effects of randomly assigned information treatments concerning regional income differentials in Ghana and Uganda to explore participants’ belief updating and changes in internal migration intentions, destination preferences, and actual migration. Treated participants prefer higher income destinations, while effects on intent plausibly follow subjects’ initial under- or overestimation of potential gains, with asymmetric updating propensities. Effects persist for 18 months, and discussions with others about migrating increase, but actual migration does not. Knowledge about income affects intentions and destination choices, but barriers to actual relocation are complex.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 103311"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000609/pdfft?md5=542bc9a3ea742312d600a2f00f2db236&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000609-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In someone else’s shoes: Reducing prejudice through perspective taking 换位思考通过透视减少偏见
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103309
Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc , Sandra V. Rozo
{"title":"In someone else’s shoes: Reducing prejudice through perspective taking","authors":"Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc ,&nbsp;Sandra V. Rozo","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the effectiveness of online, low-cost, scalable interventions aimed at reducing prejudice against an out-group through the use of perspective taking. We conducted an online experiment in which Colombian natives were randomly assigned to either watch a video documentary about Venezuelan forced migrants crossing the Colombian border on foot or to play an online game that immersed them in the life of a Venezuelan forced migrant. Compared to a control group, both treatments led to increased altruism toward Venezuelans and improved attitudes toward forced migrants. However, only the game significantly boosted self-reported trust. In terms of effectiveness per minute of treatment, the video was at least four times more efficient than the game in enhancing prosociality. Given the video’s comparably shorter duration, greater ease of dissemination, and lower demand for active involvement, it appears a superior option to enhance prosocial behaviors in the short term.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103309"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141038441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using technology to prevent fraud in high stakes national school examinations: Evidence from Indonesia 利用技术防止全国学校考试中的舞弊行为：印度尼西亚的证据
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103307
Emilie Berkhout , Menno Pradhan , Rahmawati , Daniel Suryadarma , Arya Swarnata
{"title":"Using technology to prevent fraud in high stakes national school examinations: Evidence from Indonesia","authors":"Emilie Berkhout ,&nbsp;Menno Pradhan ,&nbsp;Rahmawati ,&nbsp;Daniel Suryadarma ,&nbsp;Arya Swarnata","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cheating reduces the signaling value of examinations. It also shifts the focus of teachers and students away from learning. Combating widespread cheating is difficult as students, teachers, and bureaucrats all benefit from high reported grades. We evaluate the impact of computer-based testing (CBT), an at-scale policy implemented by the Indonesian government to reduce widespread cheating in the national examinations. Exploiting the phased roll-out of the program from 2015 to 2019, we find that test scores declined dramatically, by 0.5 standard deviations, after the introduction of CBT. Schools with response patterns that indicated cheating prior to CBT adoption experienced a steeper decline. The effect is similar between schools with and without access to a computer lab, indicating that the reduction in the opportunity to cheat is the main reason for the test score decline. In districts with high adoption of CBT, schools that still used paper-based exams cheated less and scored lower, indicating spillovers of CBT. The results highlight the potential role of technology in improving the effectiveness in efforts to overcome collusive behavior in the education sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103307"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000567/pdfft?md5=f71c797a3f2c5bef39a1027701c4e995&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000567-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Information and immigrant settlement 信息和移民安置
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103305
Toman Barsbai , Victoria Licuanan , Andreas Steinmayr , Erwin Tiongson , Dean Yang
{"title":"Information and immigrant settlement","authors":"Toman Barsbai ,&nbsp;Victoria Licuanan ,&nbsp;Andreas Steinmayr ,&nbsp;Erwin Tiongson ,&nbsp;Dean Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study a randomly-assigned program providing information on U.S. settlement for new Filipino immigrants. The intervention, a 2.5-hour pre-departure training and an accompanying paper handbook, has no effect on employment, settlement, and subjective wellbeing, but leads immigrants to acquire substantially fewer social network connections. We rationalize these findings with a simple model, showing that information and social network links are substitutes under reasonable assumptions. Consistent with the model, the treatment reduces social network links more when costs of acquiring network links are lower. Offsetting reductions in the acquisition of social network connections can hence reduce the effectiveness of information interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000543/pdfft?md5=f622ef04215c1b3cfc96e7473e8ef402&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000543-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141031384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effectiveness of entry deregulation: Novel evidence from removing minimum capital requirements 放松准入管制的有效性：取消最低资本要求的新证据
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103304
Hua Cheng , Siying Ding , Yongzheng Liu
{"title":"The effectiveness of entry deregulation: Novel evidence from removing minimum capital requirements","authors":"Hua Cheng ,&nbsp;Siying Ding ,&nbsp;Yongzheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although minimum paid-in capital requirements impede firm entry, governments worldwide have only recently started to reduce or remove such requirements. This study is among the first to examine the effectiveness of an entry deregulation reform in China that eliminated such requirements. We exploit city–year–month variation in reform implementation and employ a large nationwide administrative dataset of firm registrations, finding that the deregulation strongly encourages firm and job creation. Moreover, we find that the deregulation exerts a pro-competitive effect by encouraging the entry of small and medium-sized firms, private firms, and single-shareholder firms, which diversifies the industrial bases and reduces the industrial concentration of economic activity. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that the deregulation promotes economic growth in the deregulated cities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103304"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140778490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fracking, farmers, and rural electrification in India 印度的压裂、农民和农村电气化
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103308
T. Robert Fetter , Faraz Usmani
{"title":"Fracking, farmers, and rural electrification in India","authors":"T. Robert Fetter ,&nbsp;Faraz Usmani","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The shale gas revolution in the United States induced an unprecedented commodity boom across northwestern India. Leveraging population-based discontinuities in the contemporaneous roll-out of India’s national rural electrification scheme, we show that access to electricity increased total employment and non-agricultural employment in villages affected by this exogenous economic shock, but had no impact on labor markets elsewhere. This combination of two natural experiments highlights how complementary economic conditions drive heterogeneity in the labor-market impacts of rural electrification. It also helps explain the large variation in the reported impacts of such resource-intensive infrastructure investments globally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103308"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is the glass half full or half empty? Examining the impact of Swatch Bharat interventions on sanitation and hygiene in rural Punjab, India 杯子是半满还是半空？考察 Swatch Bharat 干预措施对印度旁遮普农村地区环境卫生和个人卫生的影响
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103295
Saubhik Deb, George Joseph, Luis Alberto Andrés, Jonathan Grabinsky Zabludovsky
{"title":"Is the glass half full or half empty? Examining the impact of Swatch Bharat interventions on sanitation and hygiene in rural Punjab, India","authors":"Saubhik Deb,&nbsp;George Joseph,&nbsp;Luis Alberto Andrés,&nbsp;Jonathan Grabinsky Zabludovsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reports the findings of a cluster-randomized control study to assess the impact of India's flagship sanitation program, as implemented in Punjab, that aimed to eliminate the practice of open defecation and improve the awareness and practice of good hygiene across rural Punjab. The study finds that the program interventions specific to the Gram Panchayats (villages) had a modest effect on improving access to toilets and reducing open defecation among households with children in rural Punjab. However, awareness of the importance of handwashing before eating and after defecation among school-going children improved by 8–14 percentage points in treatment arms relative to control, though no significant impact on handwashing practices was observed. Consistent with the problem of implementation failure, the findings indicate the inherent difficulties of implementing bottom-up interventions through a large-scale government program.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medication against conflict 预防冲突的药物
IF 5 1区 经济学
Journal of Development Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103306
Andrea Berlanda , Matteo Cervellati , Elena Esposito , Dominic Rohner , Uwe Sunde
{"title":"Medication against conflict","authors":"Andrea Berlanda ,&nbsp;Matteo Cervellati ,&nbsp;Elena Esposito ,&nbsp;Dominic Rohner ,&nbsp;Uwe Sunde","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2024.103306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adverse health conditions and social conflict constitute major impediments for developing countries. The potential for reducing social conflict by successful public health interventions is largely unknown. This paper closes this gap by evaluating the effect of a major health intervention—the successful expansion of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa. Combining exogenous time variation in access to ART with cross-sectional variation in the scope for treatment for identification, we find that the ART expansion significantly reduced the number of violent events in African countries and sub-national regions. The effect pertains to social conflict, not civil war. The evidence also shows that the effect is related to health improvements, greater approval of government policy, and increased trust in political institutions. Results of a counterfactual simulation reveal that the ART expansion reduced the number of social conflict events by about 10%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48418,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Development Economics","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 103306"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304387824000555/pdfft?md5=41bd37019a9c2ab6cba94172dd726ba2&pid=1-s2.0-S0304387824000555-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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