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Gender differences and similarities in news media effects on political candidate evaluations: a meta-analysis 新闻媒体中的性别差异和相似性对政治候选人评价的影响:一项元分析
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac042
Tobias Rohrbach, Loes Aaldering, Daphne Joanna Van der Pas
{"title":"Gender differences and similarities in news media effects on political candidate evaluations: a meta-analysis","authors":"Tobias Rohrbach, Loes Aaldering, Daphne Joanna Van der Pas","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac042","url":null,"abstract":"How do different types of media coverage shape—and potentially bias—voter evaluations of women and men politicians? Theoretically reviewing 50 experimental studies and statistically synthesizing 671 evaluation outcomes from more than 23,000 participants, this meta-analytic review shows that gender bias in media-induced voter evaluations is conditional rather than universal. Our findings suggest that voters respond similarly to most media messages about women and men candidates. When gender-differentiated media effects are found, for instance, based on trait, appearance, or family coverage of politicians, this is mostly harmful for women candidates as it reaffirms gender stereotypical beliefs and lowers their viability ratings and vote preferences. Shedding light on the conditional nature of media-driven voter bias, this study adds to a better understanding of how the mediation of gender stereotypes sustains the underrepresentation of women in politics.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"33 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Modeling news recommender systems’ conditional effects on selective exposure: evidence from two online experiments 新闻推荐系统对选择性曝光的条件效应建模:来自两个在线实验的证据
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-12-23 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac047
Erik Knudsen
{"title":"Modeling news recommender systems’ conditional effects on selective exposure: evidence from two online experiments","authors":"Erik Knudsen","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac047","url":null,"abstract":"Under which conditions do news recommender systems (NRSs) amplify or reduce selective exposure? I provide the Recommender Influenced Selective Exposure framework, which aims to enable researchers to model and study the conditional effects of NRSs on selective exposure. I empirically test this framework by studying user behavior on a news site where the choice environment is designed to systematically influence selective exposure. Through two preregistered online experiments that simulate different NRSs and unobtrusively log user behavior, I contribute empirical evidence that an NRS can increase or decrease the chance that selective exposure occurs, depending on what the NRS is designed to achieve. These insights have implications for ongoing scholarly debates on the democratic impact of NRSs.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The madness of misperceptions: evaluating the ways anger contributes to misinformed beliefs 误解的疯狂:评估愤怒导致错误信念的方式
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-12-08 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac041
Dustin Carnahan, Suhwoo Ahn, Monique Mitchell Turner
{"title":"The madness of misperceptions: evaluating the ways anger contributes to misinformed beliefs","authors":"Dustin Carnahan, Suhwoo Ahn, Monique Mitchell Turner","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac041","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing from established theoretical traditions in cognitive consistency, motivated reasoning, heuristic–systematic processing, and the anger-activism model, we extend existing work linking anger with misperceptions by specifying three distinct ways anger might contribute to the formation of misperceptions: Increasing reliance on partisan heuristics, influencing political information-seeking behavior, and moderating the influence of partisan media exposure. Analyzing data from an original survey administered nationally via Qualtrics Panels during the first impeachment trial of President Donald Trump in January 2020, results indicate that high-anger partisans were more likely to express belief in claims supportive of their party and critical of the other party, regardless of the veracity of those claims. Further, anger was also linked with greater use of pro-attitudinal information sources and avoidance of counterattitudinal sources, with these differences in partisan media consumption subsequently influencing factual beliefs. However, we found no evidence that anger moderated the relationship between partisan media exposure and factual beliefs. We explore the implications of these findings in a political era defined increasingly by the experience of anger.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"2 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
News for life: improving the quality of journalistic news reporting to prevent suicides 生命新闻:提高新闻报道质量，预防自杀
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac039
Florian Arendt, Antonia Markiewitz, Sebastian Scherr
{"title":"News for life: improving the quality of journalistic news reporting to prevent suicides","authors":"Florian Arendt, Antonia Markiewitz, Sebastian Scherr","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac039","url":null,"abstract":"Despite much theorizing on the quality of journalism, there is limited actual empirical evidence for the effects of improved news quality on societal outcomes. This study provides such evidence for suicide reporting. News quality especially matters in this domain, as low-quality reporting can elicit “copycat” suicides (Werther effect). We developed and disseminated a web-based campaign promoting high-quality suicide reporting, targeting newsrooms in Germany. Twenty-two newsrooms participated. A content analysis (N = 4,015 articles) provided supporting evidence for an increase in high-quality reporting (Study 1). Interrupted time series analyses offered tentative evidence for a reduction in actual suicides (Study 2). Acknowledging limitations in terms of causal interpretations, the findings support the claim that high-quality news can save lives. Similar newsroom interventions run elsewhere may contribute to preventing suicides globally. We discuss the implications, including those of a theoretically meaningful discovery related to the suicide-protective effect’s underlying mechanism, termed the dampening-the-spikes hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Social media use in the context of the Personal Social Media Ecosystem Framework 个人社交媒体生态系统框架下的社交媒体使用
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-11-12 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac038
Michael C Carter, Drew P Cingel, Jeanette B Ruiz, Ellen Wartella
{"title":"Social media use in the context of the Personal Social Media Ecosystem Framework","authors":"Michael C Carter, Drew P Cingel, Jeanette B Ruiz, Ellen Wartella","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac038","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid proliferation and maturation of social media platforms have led to numerous challenges in understanding the correlates of social media use among users. To advance this research, the present article proposes a new way to think about social media with the Personal Social Media Ecosystem Framework (PSMEF). This perspective defines social media as a user-centric digital environment made up of a central set of individual, yet interrelated digital spaces (e.g., in-app pages) that are themselves embedded within a broader ecology (e.g., operating system, the Internet, offline contexts). By leveraging the PSMEF and data from focus groups involving adolescent participants (N = 59), we identify a core subset of salient environmental contexts within participants’ PSMEs that can generalize across platforms, which are differentially associated with popular social media platforms. The theoretical and practical implications of this work are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How iconic news images travel: republishing and reframing historic photographs in Israeli newspapers 标志性的新闻图像是如何传播的:在以色列报纸上重新出版和重新设计历史照片
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-10-29 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac036
Sandrine Boudana, Akiba A Cohen, Paul Frosh
{"title":"How iconic news images travel: republishing and reframing historic photographs in Israeli newspapers","authors":"Sandrine Boudana, Akiba A Cohen, Paul Frosh","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac036","url":null,"abstract":"Iconic photographs are symbolically dense images characterized by broad circulation over time and recognition by large publics. Following this definition, we track the republication and reframing, over nearly 70 years, of 15 news photographs previously identified as most recognized by the Israeli public. Distinguishing between “discrete icons” (singular photographs of particular scenes) and “aggregate icons” (where several variants of the same event are continually reproduced), our quantitative and qualitative analyses show that iconic images are both resistant to the passing of time and kept in motion through renewed media use. We identify four “iconic modalities,” corresponding to different ways in which iconic status and meanings are achieved, transformed, or denied through republishing and reframing. This concept improves our understanding of iconicity as a fluctuating material and symbolic process, whereby the circulation of images not only produces shifts in meaning, but constructs powerful aggregative frameworks of collective visual memory.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Populist attitudes and politicians’ disinformation accusations: effects on perceptions of media and politicians 民粹主义态度和政治家的虚假信息指控:对媒体和政治家认知的影响
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-10-22 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac031
Jana Laura Egelhofer, Ming Boyer, Sophie Lecheler, Loes Aaldering
{"title":"Populist attitudes and politicians’ disinformation accusations: effects on perceptions of media and politicians","authors":"Jana Laura Egelhofer, Ming Boyer, Sophie Lecheler, Loes Aaldering","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac031","url":null,"abstract":"Populist politicians increasingly accuse opposing media of spreading disinformation or “fake news.” However, empirical research on the effects of these accusations is scarce. This survey experiment (N = 1,330) shows that disinformation accusations reduce audience members’ trust in the accused news outlet and perceived accuracy of the news message, while trust in the accusing politician is largely unaffected. However, only individuals with strong populist attitudes generalize disinformation accusations to the media as an institution and reduce their general media trust. The phrase “fake news” does not amplify any of these effects. These findings suggest that politicians can undermine the credibility of journalism without much repercussion—a mechanism that might also threaten other authoritative information sources in democracies such as scientists and health authorities.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"46 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Network activated frames: content sharing and perceived polarization in social media 网络激活框架:社交媒体中的内容共享与感知极化
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac035
Natalia Arugute, Ernesto Calvo, Tiago Ventura
{"title":"Network activated frames: content sharing and perceived polarization in social media","authors":"Natalia Arugute, Ernesto Calvo, Tiago Ventura","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac035","url":null,"abstract":"Our article describes how users’ decisions to share content alter the frequencies of the frame elements observed by social media peers. Changes in the frequency of distinct frame elements shape how individuals interpret, classify and define situations and events. We label this process Network Activated Frames (NAFs). We test the mechanisms behind NAF with an original image-based conjoint design that replicates network activation in three surveys. Results show that partisans share more content than nonpartisans and that their preferences differ from those of nonpartisans. Our findings show that a network of peers with cross-cutting ideological preferences may be perceived as a bubble if partisans amplify content they like at higher rates. Beginning with fully randomized probabilities, the output from our experiments is more extreme than the preferences of the median users, as partisans activate more and different frame elements than nonpartisans. We implement the experiments in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"46 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Do people learn about politics on social media? A meta-analysis of 76 studies 人们在社交媒体上了解政治吗?76项研究的荟萃分析
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac034
Eran Amsalem, Alon Zoizner
{"title":"Do people learn about politics on social media? A meta-analysis of 76 studies","authors":"Eran Amsalem, Alon Zoizner","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac034","url":null,"abstract":"Citizens turn increasingly to social media to get their political information. However, it is currently unclear whether using these platforms actually makes them more politically knowledgeable. While some researchers claim that social media play a critical role in the learning of political information within the modern media environment, others posit that the great potential for learning about politics on social media is rarely fulfilled. The current study tests which of these conflicting theoretical claims is supported by the existing empirical literature. A preregistered meta-analysis of 76 studies (N = 442,136) reveals no evidence of any political learning on social media in observational studies, and statistically significant but substantively small increases in knowledge in experiments. These small-to-nonexistent knowledge gains are observed across social media platforms, types of knowledge, countries, and periods. Our findings suggest that the contribution of social media toward a more politically informed citizenry is minimal.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"47 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Concentration without cumulative advantage: the distribution of news source attention in online communities 没有累积优势的集中:新闻源注意力在网络社区的分布
IF 7.9 1区 文学
Journal of Communication Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqac032
Nick Hagar, Aaron Shaw
{"title":"Concentration without cumulative advantage: the distribution of news source attention in online communities","authors":"Nick Hagar, Aaron Shaw","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac032","url":null,"abstract":"Many attention markets exhibit stable patterns of concentration, where a few producers attract and sustain a far greater share of the audience than others. This inequality often follows patterns consistent with cumulative advantage, a process in which performance compounds over time. Attention to news sources online possesses these characteristics; however, online audiences also fragment across many disparate news producers. How do social media and recommender systems contribute to these attention dynamics? In this study, we examine two paradigmatic models: concentration driven by cumulative advantage and fragmentation driven by stochasticity. We evaluate these models against a large-scale empirical dataset of news source attention in the popular social media site Reddit. While we find high levels of attention concentration, we do not find the stable popularity over time that characterizes cumulative advantage. Rather, sources gain and lose popularity seemingly at random, aligning with a stochastic model. These results demonstrate the persistence of attention inequality, even in the absence of a strong driving mechanism. They also suggest that social media systems can undermine the accumulation of attention to the most prominent news sources. Digital attention markets striving for more equitable allocation require novel mechanisms of organizing and distributing information.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"46 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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