Michael C Carter, Drew P Cingel, Jeanette B Ruiz, Ellen Wartella
{"title":"Social media use in the context of the Personal Social Media Ecosystem Framework","authors":"Michael C Carter, Drew P Cingel, Jeanette B Ruiz, Ellen Wartella","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac038","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid proliferation and maturation of social media platforms have led to numerous challenges in understanding the correlates of social media use among users. To advance this research, the present article proposes a new way to think about social media with the Personal Social Media Ecosystem Framework (PSMEF). This perspective defines social media as a user-centric digital environment made up of a central set of individual, yet interrelated digital spaces (e.g., in-app pages) that are themselves embedded within a broader ecology (e.g., operating system, the Internet, offline contexts). By leveraging the PSMEF and data from focus groups involving adolescent participants (N = 59), we identify a core subset of salient environmental contexts within participants’ PSMEs that can generalize across platforms, which are differentially associated with popular social media platforms. The theoretical and practical implications of this work are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How iconic news images travel: republishing and reframing historic photographs in Israeli newspapers","authors":"Sandrine Boudana, Akiba A Cohen, Paul Frosh","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac036","url":null,"abstract":"Iconic photographs are symbolically dense images characterized by broad circulation over time and recognition by large publics. Following this definition, we track the republication and reframing, over nearly 70 years, of 15 news photographs previously identified as most recognized by the Israeli public. Distinguishing between “discrete icons” (singular photographs of particular scenes) and “aggregate icons” (where several variants of the same event are continually reproduced), our quantitative and qualitative analyses show that iconic images are both resistant to the passing of time and kept in motion through renewed media use. We identify four “iconic modalities,” corresponding to different ways in which iconic status and meanings are achieved, transformed, or denied through republishing and reframing. This concept improves our understanding of iconicity as a fluctuating material and symbolic process, whereby the circulation of images not only produces shifts in meaning, but constructs powerful aggregative frameworks of collective visual memory.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"47 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jana Laura Egelhofer, Ming Boyer, Sophie Lecheler, Loes Aaldering
{"title":"Populist attitudes and politicians’ disinformation accusations: effects on perceptions of media and politicians","authors":"Jana Laura Egelhofer, Ming Boyer, Sophie Lecheler, Loes Aaldering","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac031","url":null,"abstract":"Populist politicians increasingly accuse opposing media of spreading disinformation or “fake news.” However, empirical research on the effects of these accusations is scarce. This survey experiment (N = 1,330) shows that disinformation accusations reduce audience members’ trust in the accused news outlet and perceived accuracy of the news message, while trust in the accusing politician is largely unaffected. However, only individuals with strong populist attitudes generalize disinformation accusations to the media as an institution and reduce their general media trust. The phrase “fake news” does not amplify any of these effects. These findings suggest that politicians can undermine the credibility of journalism without much repercussion—a mechanism that might also threaten other authoritative information sources in democracies such as scientists and health authorities.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"46 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Network activated frames: content sharing and perceived polarization in social media","authors":"Natalia Arugute, Ernesto Calvo, Tiago Ventura","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac035","url":null,"abstract":"Our article describes how users’ decisions to share content alter the frequencies of the frame elements observed by social media peers. Changes in the frequency of distinct frame elements shape how individuals interpret, classify and define situations and events. We label this process Network Activated Frames (NAFs). We test the mechanisms behind NAF with an original image-based conjoint design that replicates network activation in three surveys. Results show that partisans share more content than nonpartisans and that their preferences differ from those of nonpartisans. Our findings show that a network of peers with cross-cutting ideological preferences may be perceived as a bubble if partisans amplify content they like at higher rates. Beginning with fully randomized probabilities, the output from our experiments is more extreme than the preferences of the median users, as partisans activate more and different frame elements than nonpartisans. We implement the experiments in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"46 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do people learn about politics on social media? A meta-analysis of 76 studies","authors":"Eran Amsalem, Alon Zoizner","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac034","url":null,"abstract":"Citizens turn increasingly to social media to get their political information. However, it is currently unclear whether using these platforms actually makes them more politically knowledgeable. While some researchers claim that social media play a critical role in the learning of political information within the modern media environment, others posit that the great potential for learning about politics on social media is rarely fulfilled. The current study tests which of these conflicting theoretical claims is supported by the existing empirical literature. A preregistered meta-analysis of 76 studies (N = 442,136) reveals no evidence of any political learning on social media in observational studies, and statistically significant but substantively small increases in knowledge in experiments. These small-to-nonexistent knowledge gains are observed across social media platforms, types of knowledge, countries, and periods. Our findings suggest that the contribution of social media toward a more politically informed citizenry is minimal.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"47 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concentration without cumulative advantage: the distribution of news source attention in online communities","authors":"Nick Hagar, Aaron Shaw","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqac032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqac032","url":null,"abstract":"Many attention markets exhibit stable patterns of concentration, where a few producers attract and sustain a far greater share of the audience than others. This inequality often follows patterns consistent with cumulative advantage, a process in which performance compounds over time. Attention to news sources online possesses these characteristics; however, online audiences also fragment across many disparate news producers. How do social media and recommender systems contribute to these attention dynamics? In this study, we examine two paradigmatic models: concentration driven by cumulative advantage and fragmentation driven by stochasticity. We evaluate these models against a large-scale empirical dataset of news source attention in the popular social media site Reddit. While we find high levels of attention concentration, we do not find the stable popularity over time that characterizes cumulative advantage. Rather, sources gain and lose popularity seemingly at random, aligning with a stochastic model. These results demonstrate the persistence of attention inequality, even in the absence of a strong driving mechanism. They also suggest that social media systems can undermine the accumulation of attention to the most prominent news sources. Digital attention markets striving for more equitable allocation require novel mechanisms of organizing and distributing information.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"46 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50166605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of CommunicationPub Date : 2021-04-25eCollection Date: 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqab006
Terry Flew
{"title":"The Global Trust Deficit Disorder: A Communications Perspective on Trust in the Time of Global Pandemics.","authors":"Terry Flew","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqab006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqab006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been much discussion worldwide about the crisis of trust, with evidence of declining trust in social, economic, political and media institutions. The rise of populism, and the differing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic between nations, has been drawing attention to wider implications of pervasive distrust, including distrust of the media. In this article, I develop three propositions. First, I identify trust studies as a rich interdisciplinary field, linking communication to other branches of the social sciences and humanities. Second, I argue that we lack a comprehensive account of how trust has been understood in communication, and that doing so requires integrating macro-societal approaches with the \"meso\" level of institutions, and the \"micro\" level of interpersonal communication. Third, I propose that a focus upon trust would open up new perspectives on two important topics-the future of news media and journalism, and the global rise of populism.</p>","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"71 2","pages":"163-186"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8135436/pdf/jqab006.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39055720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of CommunicationPub Date : 2021-03-29eCollection Date: 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqab012
Miriam Brinberg, Nilam Ram
{"title":"Do New Romantic Couples Use More Similar Language Over Time? Evidence from Intensive Longitudinal Text Messages.","authors":"Miriam Brinberg, Nilam Ram","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqab012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqab012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The digital text traces left by computer-mediated communication (CMC) provide a new opportunity to test theories of relational processes that were originally developed through observation of face-to-face interactions. Communication accommodation theory, for example, suggests that conversation partners' verbal (and non-verbal) behaviors become more similar as relationships develop. Using a corpus of 1+ million text messages that 41 college-age romantic couples sent to each other during their first year of dating, this study examines how linguistic alignment of new romantic couples' CMC changes during relationship formation. Results from nonlinear growth models indicate that three aspects of daily linguistic alignment (syntactic-language style matching, semantic-latent semantic analysis, overall-cosine similarity) all exhibit exponential growth to an asymptote as romantic relationships form. Beyond providing empirical support that communication accommodation theory also applies in romantic partners' CMC, this study demonstrates how relational processes can be examined using digital trace data.</p>","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"71 3","pages":"454-477"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8315721/pdf/jqab012.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39272377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elissa C Kranzler, Ralf Schmälzle, Rui Pei, Robert C Hornik, Emily B Falk
{"title":"Message-Elicited Brain Response Moderates the Relationship Between Opportunities for Exposure to Anti-Smoking Messages and Message Recall.","authors":"Elissa C Kranzler, Ralf Schmälzle, Rui Pei, Robert C Hornik, Emily B Falk","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqz035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campaign success is contingent on adequate exposure; however, exposure opportunities (e.g., ad reach/frequency) are imperfect predictors of message recall. We hypothesized that the exposure-recall relationship would be contingent on message processing. We tested moderation hypotheses using 3 data sets pertinent to \"The Real Cost\" anti-smoking campaign: past 30-day ad recall from a rolling national survey of adolescents aged 13-17 (</i>n <i>= 5,110); ad-specific target rating points (TRPs), measuring ad reach and frequency; and ad-elicited response in brain regions implicated in social processing and memory encoding, from a separate adolescent sample aged 14-17 (</i>n <i>= 40). Average ad-level brain activation in these regions moderates the relationship between national TRPs and large-scale recall (</i>p <i>< .001), such that the positive exposure-recall relationship is more strongly observed for ads that elicit high levels of social processing and memory encoding in the brain. Findings advance communication theory by demonstrating conditional exposure effects, contingent on social and memory processes in the brain.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"69 6","pages":"589-611"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/joc/jqz035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37602800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychological, Relational, and Emotional Effects of Self-Disclosure After Conversations With a Chatbot.","authors":"Annabell Ho, Jeff Hancock, Adam S Miner","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqy026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disclosing personal information to another person has beneficial emotional, relational, and psychological outcomes. When disclosers believe they are interacting with a computer instead of another person, such as a chatbot that can simulate human-to-human conversation, outcomes may be undermined, enhanced, or equivalent. Our experiment examined downstream effects after emotional versus factual disclosures in conversations with a supposed chatbot or person. The effects of emotional disclosure were equivalent whether participants thought they were disclosing to a chatbot or to a person. This study advances current understanding of disclosure and whether its impact is altered by technology, providing support for media equivalency as a primary mechanism for the consequences of disclosing to a chatbot.</p>","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"68 4","pages":"712-733"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/joc/jqy026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36392204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}