Nyx L. Ng , Craig S. Neumann , Dillon M. Luke , Bertram Gawronski
{"title":"Associations of aversive (‘dark’) traits and affiliative (‘light’) traits with moral-dilemma judgments: A preregistered exploratory analysis using the CNI model","authors":"Nyx L. Ng , Craig S. Neumann , Dillon M. Luke , Bertram Gawronski","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Despite people’s capacity for both good and evil, scant research has jointly examined the relations of affiliative and aversive traits with moral-dilemma judgments. Using the CNI model of moral-dilemma judgments, this preregistered exploratory study examined associations of aversive traits (Dark Tetrad comprising Machiavellianism, </span>narcissism, </span>psychopathy, sadism) and affiliative traits (Light Triad comprising Kantianism, humanism, faith in humanity) with sensitivity to consequences (</span><em>C</em>), sensitivity to moral norms (<em>N</em>), and general preference for inaction versus action (<em>I</em>) in responses to moral dilemmas. Dark Tetrad and Light Triad total scores were negatively and positively associated with sensitivity to moral norms, respectively. Sadism was the only trait-level predictor of moral-dilemma judgments, positively predicting sensitivity to consequences and negatively predicting sensitivity to moral norms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138821023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Angelina R. Sutin , Alyssa A. Gamaldo , Antonio Terracciano , Michele K. Evans , Alan B. Zonderman
{"title":"Personality and cognitive errors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study","authors":"Angelina R. Sutin , Alyssa A. Gamaldo , Antonio Terracciano , Michele K. Evans , Alan B. Zonderman","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the association between personality and cognitive errors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study, a sample diverse across race (Black, White) and SES (above, below 125% of the federal poverty line). Participants (N = 1062) completed a comprehensive personality questionnaire and were administered a brief mental status screener of cognitive errors. Higher neuroticism was associated with more cognitive errors, whereas higher openness and conscientiousness were associated with fewer errors. These associations were independent of age, sex, race, poverty status, and education and were generally not moderated by these factors. These findings support the associations between personality and cognition across race and SES.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthony L. Burrow , Patrick L. Hill , Maclen Stanley , Rachel Sumner
{"title":"The role of purpose in the stress process: A homeostatic account","authors":"Anthony L. Burrow , Patrick L. Hill , Maclen Stanley , Rachel Sumner","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accumulation of evidence that having a sense of purpose contributes to greater health and well-being has vastly outpaced investigations into why this is so. Here, we offer a novel functional account for the demonstrated benefits of purpose by characterizing it as a resource that maintains psychological homeostasis. We posit that a sense of purpose recenters conscious attention toward prospective and overarching aims, thereby limiting the magnitude of disruption to well-being caused by the proximal stimuli. By attenuating reactivity to proximal events both stressful and uplifting, a sense of purpose facilitates greater stability in health and functioning over time. We leverage this mechanistic account with specific examples found across areas of psychological science and outline questions to guide future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138501994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa Bardach , Julian Lohmann , Kai T. Horstmann , Steffen Zitzmann , Martin Hecht
{"title":"From Intellectual Investment Trait Theory to Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory: Theory extension, methodological advancement, and empirical illustration","authors":"Lisa Bardach , Julian Lohmann , Kai T. Horstmann , Steffen Zitzmann , Martin Hecht","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory, an extension of Intellectual Investment Trait Theory. Our theory extension (a) centers on dynamic within-person effects of cognitive performance states on intellectual investment personality states and vice versa (i.e., reciprocal effects), (b) integrates within-person dynamics and developmental trajectories in cognitive abilities and intellectual investment traits, and (c) is embedded in a continuous-time modeling framework. Aligning personality theories with statistical models, we discuss the most appropriate model for testing Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory: a continuous-time model that combines dynamics and trends. We apply the Continuous-time Latent Curve Model with Structured Residuals<!--> <!-->(CT-LCM-SR) in an empirical illustration involving 204 German adults who were assessed roughly 100 times on cognitive abilities (working memory) and intellectual investment personality (interest).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656623001071/pdfft?md5=f76ae68bd412e10a921d6da6a2eb953b&pid=1-s2.0-S0092656623001071-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigendum to “The impact of suppressing and amplifying expressions on personality judgments” [J. Res. Pers. 105 (2023) 104399]","authors":"Lameese Eldesouky , Tammy English","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104432","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656623000946/pdfft?md5=606cbd4503e9998510d5af2bf945cb55&pid=1-s2.0-S0092656623000946-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finding better raters: The role of observer personality on the validity of observer-reported personality in predicting job performance","authors":"Ryan L. Klinger, Nathapon Siangchokyoo","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drawing on Funder’s Realistic Accuracy Model, we investigate key sources of variance in the criterion-related validity of observer-reported personality in predicting target job performance. Specifically, this study builds theory on how observer personality impacts (a) access to and (b) processing of personality cues, influencing the extent to which observer-ratings of target personality predict supervisor ratings of target job performance. Results from a multisource field study (n = 301) indicate that observer-ratings of personality have the potential to capture both higher relative and incremental predictive validity over self-ratings. However, the extent to which observer-ratings outperform self-ratings depends upon personality characteristics of the observers, such that predictive validities are highest when observers score high on measures of conscientiousness, openness, and emotional stability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Personality is related to satisfaction in friendship dyads, but similarity is not: Understanding the links between the big five and friendship satisfaction using actor-partner interdependence models","authors":"Robert Körner , Tobias Altmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Friendship is a central part of human life. However, little is known about how personality traits are related to satisfaction with friendships. Using an Actor-Partner-Interdependence framework, we analyzed actor, partner, partner perception, and similarity effects on friendship satisfaction in 190 friendship dyads. Agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability were positively related to an actor’s friendship satisfaction (actor effect). The actor’s agreeableness was positively linked to the friend’s friendship satisfaction (partner effect). People who described their friends as open, extraverted, or conscientious experienced higher satisfaction (partner perception effect). Yet, indices of trait-wise and profile similarity were not related to friendship satisfaction. The findings highlight that personality is relevant for understanding happiness in close relationships for both actors and their friends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134656499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating the replicability of statistically significant moderation effects in personality research using z-curve analysis","authors":"Lukas K. Sotola, Marcus Credé","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use z-curve analysis to estimate the replicability of 187 moderation effects in which the predictor, outcome, and moderator variables were all measured continuously and that were published in four leading personality journals—<em>Journal of Personality</em>, <em>Journal of Research in Personality</em>, <em>European Journal of Personality,</em> and <em>Personality and Individual Differences</em>. We found an estimated replication rate of 43.80%; that studies published after 2015 performed slightly better than studies published before 2015; and that studies published in the <em>Journal of Research in Personality</em> and the <em>European Journal of Personality</em> performed worse than studies published in the other two journals. We discuss the implications of our findings for studying moderation effects in personality and offer recommendations for improving the replicability of published studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meaning making about and across self-relevant experiences: Links with identity commitment and exploration processes and satisfaction with life in adolescence","authors":"Elisabeth L. de Moor","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Making meaning is an important process through which individuals keep their identity up-to-date, but has often been measured in a way that conflates dispositional, trait-like influences with narrative-specific influences. The present study aimed to disentangle these influences during adolescence by examining the general tendency for meaning making, measured as self-event connections, across three self-relevant narratives in relation to dual-cycle processes of identity commitment and exploration and satisfaction with life (<em>N</em> = 162, <em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 16.2, 67.3% female). Additionally, these associations were examined separately for the different narratives and event valences. Meaning making was related to the identity processes, but was not associated with satisfaction with life. This study emphasizes the importance of both dispositional and narrative-specific approaches to meaning making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009265662300096X/pdfft?md5=6b6370e1e229eff1f661a306eaf3b0da&pid=1-s2.0-S009265662300096X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134656500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liselotte Den Boer , Theo A. Klimstra , Jaap J. A. Denissen
{"title":"Do experiences during the transition to working life Matter? the role of mastery and psychological commitment in personality trait change","authors":"Liselotte Den Boer , Theo A. Klimstra , Jaap J. A. Denissen","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Differences in transition experiences might explain individual differences in personality trait change. In the present six-wave study, we investigated personality trait change during the transition to work in a sample of students who were in their last two years of their study program (<em>N</em> = 311). We tested whether the transition (i.e., participation in an internship), psychological commitment (i.e., educational identity), and mastery of the transition (i.e., GPA and fit between master degree and job) would predict individual differences in personality trait change. The results indicated that mastery and commitment did not explain individual differences in personality trait change. Only individual differences in extraversion change could be explained by participation in an internship, by means of reduced extraversion in internship students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656623000958/pdfft?md5=f17a5717d5cd730e1f7b7c718ad803ad&pid=1-s2.0-S0092656623000958-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134656505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}