Journal of Research in Personality最新文献

{"title":"Are some people more accurate than others about the unique impressions they make on close others?","authors":"N. Elsaadawy ,&nbsp;E.N. Carlson ,&nbsp;P. Borkenau","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some meta-perceivers have more insight than others into the impressions they make, but what is this meta-accuracy about? Do good meta-perceivers have insight into the unique impressions they make (dyadic meta-accuracy), or do they simply understand their reputation (generalized meta-accuracy)? In two studies, wemetaces in dyadic and generalized meta-accuracy among close others, as well as potential mechanisms and correlates. Results suggest that, among close others, there are good meta-perceivers of dyadic and generalized meta-accuracy. Good meta-perceivers of dyadic meta-accuracy form more differentiated meta-perceptions, while good meta-perceivers of generalized meta-accuracy make and think they make consistent impressions that align with their self-views. Thus, among close others – unlike in first impressions – there are good meta-perceivers who perspective-take.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656624000394/pdfft?md5=24a3f4a11c8bfe0554c5cffe95e69c2a&pid=1-s2.0-S0092656624000394-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intolerance of uncertainty predicts indecisiveness and safety behavior in real-life decision making: Results from an experience sampling study","authors":"Helmut Appel ,&nbsp;Julia Krasko ,&nbsp;Maike Luhmann ,&nbsp;Alexander L. Gerlach","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In decision making, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) may be linked to safety behavior, which could ironically maintain IU and, thus, foster indecisiveness. In a smartphone-based experience sampling study, 247 participants described their real-life decisions six times per day and rated (a) their situational indecisiveness, (b) decision characteristics, (c) situational IU, and (d) problematic safety behaviors. Participants higher in dispositional IU reported more indecisiveness and engaged in more problematic safety behavior across measurements. The same relationships were observed with situational IU at the level of individual measurements. Engaging in more problematic safety behaviors during the first days predicted indecisiveness on the last day, mediated by IU. The results demonstrate the real-life relevance of the relationship between IU, indecisiveness, and safety behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104490"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656624000382/pdfft?md5=9f092953545ce88d8ebe5c10e351b44f&pid=1-s2.0-S0092656624000382-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does narrating the life story predict changes in personality traits and characteristics?","authors":"Rebekka Weidmann ,&nbsp;Janina Larissa Bühler ,&nbsp;Jenna Wünsche ,&nbsp;Alexander Grob","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To measure narratives, individuals often participate in a life story interview, which bears similarity to a narrative therapeutic approach. Given that clinical interventions were shown to impact change in personality traits and characteristics, the present study explored whether narrating one’s life story is also linked to such changes. The pre-registered study compared 123 life-story-interview participants (<em>M</em>_age <em>=</em> 35.44 years) with 123 control-sample participants (<em>M</em>_age <em>=</em> 35.50 years). We assessed participants’ personality traits, optimism, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and affect before and 1 and 3 years after the interview. The findings suggest that the life story interview does not lead to consistent changes in personality traits and characteristics, indicating that this interview setting developed for measurement is different from an intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140332976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further exploring the impact of cumulative lifetime adversity on life satisfaction, psychological flourishing, and depressive symptoms","authors":"Stephanie A. Bossert ,&nbsp;Eranda Jayawickreme ,&nbsp;Laura E.R. Blackie ,&nbsp;Veronica T. Cole","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current research provides conflicting views of the relationship between cumulative lifetime adversity and dispositional functioning. We examined this relationship in a sample of adults (<em>N</em> = 1009), conducting the analysis three ways: by utilizing a sum score of adversity across all ages; examining events that occurred before and after age 18 separately; and assessing this relationship using empirically-derived domains of adversity. Results indicate that the type of adversity has a unique impact on future well-being. These findings underscore that adversity’s unique impact on well-being is influenced by the way in which adversity is operationalized, more so than by the timing of adverse events. Results highlight the importance of clarifying the nuanced relationship between adverse life events and mental health in future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140282139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing stress processes by linking big five personality states, traits, and day-to-day stressors","authors":"Whitney R. Ringwald ,&nbsp;Sienna R. Nielsen ,&nbsp;Janan Mostajabi ,&nbsp;Colin E. Vize ,&nbsp;Tessa van den Berg ,&nbsp;Stephen B. Manuck ,&nbsp;Anna L. Marsland ,&nbsp;Aidan G.C. Wright","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The accumulation of day-to-day stressors can impact mental and physical health. How people respond to stressful events is a key mechanism responsible for the effects of stress, and individual differences in stress responses can either perpetuate or prevent negative consequences. Most research on daily stress processes has focused on affective responses to stressors, but stress responses can involve more than just affect (e.g., behavior, cognitions). Additionally, most research has studied the role of neuroticism in shaping those responses, but many other individual differences are associated with stress. In this study, we more broadly characterized daily stress processes by expanding the nomological networks of stress responses to include Big Five personality states. We also linked those stress responses to all Big Five traits, as well as individual differences in stress variety, severity, and controllability. We studied a sample of participants (<em>N</em> = 1,090) who reported on stressful events, their appraisal of events in terms of severity and controllability, and their Big Five personality states daily for 8–10 days (<em>N</em> = 8,870 observations). Multi-level structural equation models were used to separate how characteristics of the perceived stressful situation and characteristics of the person play into daily stress processes. Results showed that (1) all Big Five personality states shift in response to perceived stress, (2) all Big Five personality traits relate to average levels of perceived stress variety, severity, and controllability, (3) individual differences in personality and average perceived stress variety and perceived severity relate to the strength of personality state responses to daily stress, albeit in a more limited fashion. Our results point to new pathways by which stressors affect people in everyday life and begin to clarify processes that may explain individual differences in risk or resilience to the harmful effects of stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104487"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140162695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-method study of interpersonal complementarity and mentalization","authors":"A. Esin Asan ,&nbsp;Aaron L. Pincus ,&nbsp;Emily B. Ansell","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research finds cross-sectional relationships between mentalizing impairments and maladaptive personality traits. The current study connects mentalizing impairments to dynamic interpersonal processes using a multi-method design. A sample of 218 participants completed the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC; <span>Dziobek et al., 2006</span>) to assess mentalizing ability. Subsequently, participants rated their agentic and communal behavior and their perception of interaction partners’ agentic and communal behavior over 21-days. Mentalizing ability moderated the within-person relationship between behavior and perception for both agency and communion. Worse performance on the MASC was associated with weaker interpersonal complementarity, suggesting that mentalizing impairments lead to deviations from expected patterns of behavior and perception across interpersonal situations. These findings confirm the assumption of Contemporary Integrative Interpersonal Theory that mentalization impairments can disrupt normative interpersonal processes (<span>Cain et al., 2024</span>, <span>Pincus and Hopwood, 2012</span>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104478"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140129096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradise for the self-interested? The association between economic inequality and the Dark Triad","authors":"Xueli Zhu ,&nbsp;Lei Cheng ,&nbsp;Shijiang Zuo ,&nbsp;Ke Yao ,&nbsp;Fang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Does an environment of high economic inequality encourage and breed the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy)? In four studies, using correlational and experimental methods, we sought to elucidate the nexus between economic inequality perception and the Dark Triad. Study 1 (<em>N</em> = 454) indicated that individuals who perceive greater inequality score higher on the Dark Triad traits (except for psychopathy). When living in an economically unequal context, people tend to endorse the behaviors and mindsets of the Dark Triad traits except for psychopathy (Study 2; <em>N</em> = 199). People considered residents in an economically unequal society as high on the Dark Triad traits (Study 3; <em>N</em> = 159). Moreover, the Dark Triad traits (except for psychopathy) are considered as adaptive, allowing people to obtain more benefits in an economically unequal society (Study 4; <em>N</em> = 157). This study extends the determinants of the Dark Triad traits to the economic environment, thus enriching our understanding of the Dark Triad and its distal shaping factor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140096129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroticism, emotional stress reactivity and recovery in daily life: Examining extraversion and openness as moderators","authors":"Anna J. Lücke ,&nbsp;Oliver K. Schilling ,&nbsp;Ute Kunzmann ,&nbsp;Denis Gerstorf ,&nbsp;Martin Katzorreck-Gierden ,&nbsp;Christiane A. Hoppmann ,&nbsp;Gloria Luong ,&nbsp;Gert G. Wagner ,&nbsp;Michaela Riediger ,&nbsp;Cornelia Wrzus","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotional stressor reactivity and recovery from stressors are associated with the personality trait neuroticism. We examined whether higher extraversion or openness might buffer these associations in daily life. Participants from two age-heterogeneous samples (lifespan: <em>n</em> = 364, aged 14–88 years; late adulthood: <em>n</em> = 170, aged 66–89 years) answered personality questionnaires and reported their momentary negative affect (NA) and stressors six times per day over nine or seven days, respectively. Higher neuroticism was associated with higher overall NA in both samples, but with more pronounced stressor reactivity only in the late adulthood sample. Neither extraversion nor openness moderated associations between neuroticism and stressor reactivity or recovery. We discuss the role of different personality traits in stress processes for different age groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656624000229/pdfft?md5=e8a89a7ccd15f9bb3fec31fe4f68bda6&pid=1-s2.0-S0092656624000229-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140042618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cognitive complexity of a happy life, a meaningful life, and a psychologically rich life","authors":"Shigehiro Oishi ,&nbsp;Erin Westgate ,&nbsp;Youngjae Cha","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Is a psychologically rich life a more cognitively complex one? In two studies, we explored whether individual differences in happiness, meaning in life, and psychological richness would be differentially associated with information processing styles such as attributional complexity, holism, and essentialism. In Study 1 (<em>N</em> = 436), we found that psychological richness was associated with greater attributional complexity, holism, and less essentialism, whereas happiness was associated with less attributional complexity. Meaning was also associated with attributional complexity but unrelated to holism and essentialism. In Study 2 (<em>N</em> = 516), a pre-registered replication, we again found that psychological richness was associated with more attributional complexity and holism, and marginally less essentialism. In contrast, happiness and meaning were unrelated to attributional complexity, holism, and essentialism. Across two studies, then, psychological richness was consistently associated with more attributional complexity and holism, whereas happiness and meaning were not. The key findings remained largely the same after controlling for all the Big Five personality traits and demographic variables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104475"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140096128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who helps whom in times of crisis? An investigation of actual donations to two groups of earthquake victims","authors":"Büsra Elif Yelbuz,&nbsp;Isabel Thielmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2024.104476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This pre-registered study assessed actual donations to two groups of victims of the earthquake in Turkey and Syria in February 2023 while considering various theoretically-relevant contextual and personality factors as determinants of donations. In a diverse German online sample (<em>N</em> = 496), most participants (62.9 %) donated something, and only few (24.0 %) were selective in their donations, donating more to one group of victims than to the other. Dispositional honesty-humility added to the prediction of donation behavior beyond contextual factors. Selective donations, however, were largely driven by (contextual) perceptions of need. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into donation behavior and highlight the importance of personality in understanding individual differences in donations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48406,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Personality","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092656624000242/pdfft?md5=360c414b5211d1de1ac65ec460ef9a03&pid=1-s2.0-S0092656624000242-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139986987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}