Biochemistry (Moscow)最新文献

{"title":"Myogenic Classical Endocannabinoids, Their Targets and Activity.","authors":"Olga P Balezina, Ekaterina O Tarasova, Polina O Bogacheva","doi":"10.1134/S0006297924100080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297924100080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review focuses on the recently discovered specific action of two classical endocannabinoids (ECs), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), in the case of their synthesis and degradation in skeletal muscles; in other words, this review is dedicated to properties and action of the myoendocannabinoid (myoEC) pool. Influence of this pool is considered at three different levels: at the level of skeletal muscles, motor synapses, and also at the level of the whole organism, including central nervous system. Special attention is paid to the still significantly underestimated and intriguing ability of ECs to have positive effect on energy exchange and contractile activity of muscle fibers, as well as on transmitter secretion in motor synapses. Role of muscle contractions in regulation of activity balance between the enzymes catalyzing synthesis and degradation of myoECs and, therefore, in the release of myoECs and exertion of their specific effects is thoroughly considered. Increasingly popular hypotheses about the prominent role of myoECs (AEA and/or 2-AG) in the rise of the overall level of ECs in the blood during muscle exercise and the development of \"runner's high\" and about the role of myoECs in the correction of a number of psychophysiological conditions (pain syndrome, stress, etc.) are discussed here. Thus, this review presents information about the myoEC pool from a totally new viewpoint, underlining its possible independent and non-trivial regulatory role in the body, in contrast to the traditional and well-known activity of neurogenic ECs.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 10","pages":"1759-1778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Cellulose-Chitosan Composite for Prolonged-Action L-Asparaginase in Treatment of Melanoma Cells.","authors":"Anastasia N Shishparenok, Egor R Petryaev, Svetlana A Koroleva, Natalya V Dobryakova, Igor D Zlotnikov, Elena N Komedchikova, Olga A Kolesnikova, Elena V Kudryashova, Dmitry D Zhdanov","doi":"10.1134/S0006297924100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297924100067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A significant challenge associated with the therapeutic use of L-ASP for treatment of tumors is its rapid clearance from plasma. Effectiveness of L-ASP is limited by the dose-dependent toxicity. Therefore, new approaches are being developed for L-ASP to improve its therapeutic properties. One of the approaches to improve properties of the enzymes, including L-ASP, is immobilization on various types of biocompatible polymers. Immobilization of enzymes on a carrier could improve stability of the enzyme and change duration of its enzymatic activity. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising carrier for various drugs due to its biocompatibility, non-toxicity, high porosity, and high drug loading capacity. Therefore, this material has high potential for application in biomedicine. Native BC is known to have a number of disadvantages related to structural stability, which has led to consideration of the modified BC as a potential carrier for immobilization of various proteins, including L-ASP. In our study, a BC-chitosan composite in which chitosan is cross-linked with glutaraldehyde was proposed for immobilization of L-ASP. Physicochemical characteristics of the BC-chitosan films were found to be superior to those of native BC films, resulting in increase in the release time of L-ASP <i>in vitro</i> from 8 to 24 h. These films exhibited prolonged toxicity (up to 10 h) against the melanoma cell line. The suggested strategy for A-ASP immobilization on the BC-chitosan films could be potentially used for developing therapeutics for treatment of surface types of cancers including melanomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 10","pages":"1727-1743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142611904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast Proteomics","authors":"Ivan I. Fedorov,&nbsp;Sergey A. Protasov,&nbsp;Irina A. Tarasova,&nbsp;Mikhail V. Gorshkov","doi":"10.1134/S0006297924080017","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297924080017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current stage of proteomic research in the field of biology, medicine, development of new drugs, population screening, or personalized approaches to therapy dictates the need to analyze large sets of samples within the reasonable experimental time. Until recently, mass spectrometry measurements in proteomics were characterized as unique in identifying and quantifying cellular protein composition, but low throughput, requiring many hours to analyze a single sample. This was in conflict with the dynamics of changes in biological systems at the whole cellular proteome level upon the influence of external and internal factors. Thus, low speed of the whole proteome analysis has become the main factor limiting developments in functional proteomics, where it is necessary to annotate intracellular processes not only in a wide range of conditions, but also over a long period of time. Enormous level of heterogeneity of tissue cells or tumors, even of the same type, dictates the need to analyze biological systems at the level of individual cells. These studies involve obtaining molecular characteristics for tens, if not hundreds of thousands of individual cells, including their whole proteome profiles. Development of mass spectrometry technologies providing high resolution and mass measurement accuracy, predictive chromatography, new methods for peptide separation by ion mobility and processing of proteomic data based on artificial intelligence algorithms have opened a way for significant, if not radical, increase in the throughput of whole proteome analysis and led to implementation of the novel concept of ultrafast proteomics. Work done just in the last few years has demonstrated the proteome-wide analysis throughput of several hundred samples per day at a depth of several thousand proteins, levels unimaginable three or four years ago. The review examines background of these developments, as well as modern methods and approaches that implement ultrafast analysis of the entire proteome.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 8","pages":"1349 - 1361"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S0006297924080017.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NMDA Receptors and Indices of Energy Metabolism in Erythrocytes: Missing Link to the Assessment of Efficiency of Oxygen Transport in Hepatic Encephalopathy","authors":"Gubidat A. Alilova,&nbsp;Lyudmila A. Tikhonova,&nbsp;Elena A. Kosenko","doi":"10.1134/S000629792408008X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S000629792408008X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that develops in patients with severe liver dysfunction and/or portocaval shunting. Despite more than a century of research into the relationship between liver damage and development of encephalopathy, pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatic encephalopathy have not yet been fully elucidated. It is generally recognized, however, that the main trigger of neurologic complications in hepatic encephalopathy is the neurotoxin ammonia/ammonium, concentration of which in the blood increases to toxic levels (hyperammonemia), when detoxification function of the liver is impaired. Freely penetrating into brain cells and affecting NMDA-receptor-mediated signaling, ammonia triggers a pathological cascade leading to the sharp inhibition of aerobic glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, brain hypoperfusion, nerve cell damage, and formation of neurological deficits. Brain hypoperfusion, in turn, could be due to the impaired oxygen transport function of erythrocytes, because of the disturbed energy metabolism that occurs in the membranes and inside erythrocytes and controls affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, which determines the degree of oxygenation of blood and tissues. In our recent study, this causal relationship was confirmed and novel ammonium-induced pro-oxidant effect mediated by excessive activation of NMDA receptors leading to impaired oxygen transport function of erythrocytes was revealed. For a more complete evaluation of “erythrocytic” factors that diminish brain oxygenation and lead to encephalopathy, in this study, activity of the enzymes and concentration of metabolites of glycolysis and Rapoport–Lubering shunt, as well as morphological characteristics of erythrocytes from the rats with acute hyperammoniemia were determined. To elucidate the role of NMDA receptors in the above processes, MK-801, a non-competitive receptor antagonist, was used. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that it is necessary to consider ammonium-induced morphofunctional disorders of erythrocytes and hemoglobinemia which can occur as a result of alterations in highly integrated networks of metabolic pathways may act as an additional systemic “erythrocytic” pathogenetic factor to prevent the onset and progression of cerebral hypoperfusion in hepatic encephalopathy accompanied by hyperammonemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 8","pages":"1490 - 1508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Multi-Directional Mechanisms of Participation of the TRIM Gene Family in Response of Innate Immune System to Bacterial Infections","authors":"Valentina V. Nenasheva,&nbsp;Ekaterina A. Stepanenko,&nbsp;Vyacheslav Z. Tarantul","doi":"10.1134/S0006297924080121","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297924080121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 8","pages":"1533 - 1534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IGF Signaling in the Heart in Health and Disease","authors":"Daria A. Adasheva,&nbsp;Daria V. Serebryanaya","doi":"10.1134/S0006297924080042","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297924080042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>One of the most vital processes of the body is the cardiovascular system’s proper operation. Physiological processes in the heart are regulated by the balance of cardioprotective and pathological mechanisms. The insulin-like growth factor system (IGF system, IGF signaling pathway) plays a pivotal role in regulating growth and development of various cells and tissues. In myocardium, the IGF system provides cardioprotective effects as well as participates in pathological processes. This review summarizes recent data on the role of IGF signaling in cardioprotection and pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, as well as analyzes severity of these effects in various scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 8","pages":"1402 - 1428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Modeling Methods in the Development of Affine and Specific Protein-Binding Agents","authors":"Shamsudin Sh. Nasaev,&nbsp;Artem R. Mukanov,&nbsp;Ivan V. Mishkorez,&nbsp;Ivan I. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;Iosif V. Leibin,&nbsp;Vladislava A. Dolgusheva,&nbsp;Gleb A. Pavlyuk,&nbsp;Artem L. Manasyan,&nbsp;Alexander V. Veselovsky","doi":"10.1134/S0006297924080066","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297924080066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-affinity and specific agents are widely applied in various areas, including diagnostics, scientific research, and disease therapy (as drugs and drug delivery systems). It takes significant time to develop them. For this reason, development of high-affinity agents extensively utilizes computer methods at various stages for the analysis and modeling of these molecules. The review describes the main affinity and specific agents, such as monoclonal antibodies and their fragments, antibody mimetics, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers. The methods of their obtaining as well as their main advantages and disadvantages are briefly described, with special attention focused on the molecular modeling methods used for their analysis and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 8","pages":"1451 - 1473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CYP74B34 Enzyme from Carrot (Daucus carota) with a Double Hydroperoxide Lyase/Epoxyalcohol Synthase Activity: Identification and Biochemical Properties","authors":"Yana Y. Toporkova,&nbsp;Svetlana S. Gorina,&nbsp;Tatiana M. Iljina,&nbsp;Natalia V. Lantsova,&nbsp;Alexander N. Grechkin","doi":"10.1134/S0006297924080108","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297924080108","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The lipoxygenase cascade in plants is a source of oxylipins (oxidized fatty acid derivatives), which play an important role in regulatory processes and formation of plant response to stress factors. Some of the most common enzymes of the lipoxygenase cascade are 13-specific hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs, also called hemiacetal synthases) of the CYP74B subfamily. In this work, we identified and cloned the <i>CYP74B34</i> gene from carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L.) and described the biochemical properties of the corresponding recombinant enzyme. The CYP74B34 enzyme was active towards 9- and 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic (9-HPOD and 13-HPOD, respectively) and α-linolenic (9-HPOT and 13-HPOT, respectively) acids. CYP74B34 specifically converted 9-HPOT and 13-HPOT into aldo acids (HPL products). The transformation of 13-HPOD led to the formation of aldo acids and epoxyalcohols [products of epoxyalcohol synthase (EAS) activity] as major and minor products, respectively. At the same time, conversion of 9-HPOD resulted in the formation of epoxyalcohols as the main products and aldo acids as the minor ones. Therefore, CYP74B34 is the first enzyme with a double HPL/EAS activity described in carrot. The presence of these catalytic activities was confirmed by analysis of the oxylipin profiles for the roots from young seedlings and mature plants. In addition, we substituted amino acid residues in one of the catalytically essential sites of the CYP74B34 and CYP74B33 proteins and investigated the properties of the obtained mutant enzymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 8","pages":"1519 - 1530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Pharmacological Doses of Thiamine Benefit Patients with the Charcot–Marie–Tooth Neuropathy by Changing Thiamine Diphosphate Levels and Affecting Regulation of Thiamine-Dependent Enzymes","authors":"Artem V. Artiukhov,&nbsp;Olga N. Solovjeva,&nbsp;Natalia V. Balashova,&nbsp;Olga P. Sidorova,&nbsp;Anastasia V. Graf,&nbsp;Victoria I. Bunik","doi":"10.1134/S000629792408011X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S000629792408011X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 8","pages":"1531 - 1532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenetic Phenomenon of Paramutation in Plants and Animals","authors":"Dina A. Kulikova,&nbsp;Alina V. Bespalova,&nbsp;Elena S. Zelentsova,&nbsp;Mikhail B. Evgen’ev,&nbsp;Sergei Yu. Funikov","doi":"10.1134/S0006297924080054","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0006297924080054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The phenomenon of paramutation describes the interaction between two alleles, in which one allele initiates inherited epigenetic conversion of another allele without affecting the DNA sequence. Epigenetic transformations due to paramutation are accompanied by the change in DNA and/or histone methylation patterns, affecting gene expression. Studies of paramutation in plants and animals have identified small non-coding RNAs as the main effector molecules required for the initiation of epigenetic changes in gene loci. Due to the fact that small non-coding RNAs can be transmitted across generations, the paramutation effect can be inherited and maintained in a population. In this review, we will systematically analyze examples of paramutation in different living systems described so far, highlighting common and different molecular and genetic aspects of paramutation between organisms, and considering the role of this phenomenon in evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":483,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow)","volume":"89 8","pages":"1429 - 1450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142152930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}