Developmental Science最新文献_第4页

Simulating Early Phonetic and Word Learning Without Linguistic Categories 模拟没有语言分类的早期语音和单词学习

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13606

Marvin Lavechin, Maureen de Seyssel, Hadrien Titeux, Guillaume Wisniewski, Hervé Bredin, Alejandrina Cristia, Emmanuel Dupoux

{"title":"Simulating Early Phonetic and Word Learning Without Linguistic Categories","authors":"Marvin Lavechin, Maureen de Seyssel, Hadrien Titeux, Guillaume Wisniewski, Hervé Bredin, Alejandrina Cristia, Emmanuel Dupoux","doi":"10.1111/desc.13606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13606","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Before they even talk, infants become sensitive to the speech sounds of their native language and recognize the auditory form of an increasing number of words. Traditionally, these early perceptual changes are attributed to an emerging knowledge of linguistic categories such as phonemes or words. However, there is growing skepticism surrounding this interpretation due to limited evidence of category knowledge in infants. Previous modeling work has shown that a distributional learning algorithm could reproduce perceptual changes in infants' early phonetic learning without acquiring phonetic categories. Taking this inquiry further, we propose that linguistic categories may not be needed for early word learning. We introduce STELA, a predictive coding algorithm designed to extract statistical patterns from continuous raw speech data. Our findings demonstrate that STELA can reproduce some developmental patterns of phonetic and word form learning without relying on linguistic categories such as phonemes or words nor requiring explicit word segmentation. Through an analysis of the learned representations, we show evidence that linguistic categories may emerge as an end product of learning rather than being prerequisites during early language acquisition.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

At First Sight: Fetal Eye Movements Reveal a Preference for Face-Like Configurations From 26 Weeks of Gestation 第一眼：胎儿的眼球运动揭示了从妊娠26周开始对脸的偏好。

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13597

Irene Ronga, Karol Poles, Carlotta Pace, Marta Fantoni, Josephine Luppino, Pietro Gaglioti, Tullia Todros, Francesca Garbarini

{"title":"At First Sight: Fetal Eye Movements Reveal a Preference for Face-Like Configurations From 26 Weeks of Gestation","authors":"Irene Ronga, Karol Poles, Carlotta Pace, Marta Fantoni, Josephine Luppino, Pietro Gaglioti, Tullia Todros, Francesca Garbarini","doi":"10.1111/desc.13597","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Previous research indicates that both adults and newborns show enhanced electrophysiological and behavioral responses to schematic face-like configurations (FCs—three dots composing a downward-pointing triangle), as compared to the inverted configurations (ICs). Even fetuses, when exposed to light stimuli projected through the uterine wall, preferentially orient their heads toward FCs rather than ICs. However, when this effect emerges along the third trimester of pregnancy and in relation to the maturation of which brain structures is still unknown. Here, to provide a sensitive measure of fetal preference for FCs along the whole third trimester, fetal lens movements in response to FCs and ICs was monitored with 2D-ultrasound. In a series of three experiments, fetuses were recruited at 26, 31, and 37 weeks of gestational age and were presented with both flashing and continuous light stimuli. Our results showed that significantly more lens movements were observed in response to continuous as compared to flashing light stimuli. Furthermore, lens movements linearly increased within the third trimester and, regardless of the time-point, significantly more lens movements were observed in response to FCs versus ICs. We also found a significant correlation in the first time-point, wherein the greater the FCs versus ICs differential response the larger the thalamic nuclei dimension. These findings suggest that FC preference is already present at the beginning of the third trimester, as soon as thalamocortical projections are established.</p>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11696828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Ontogeny of Attitudes Toward Migrants 移民态度的个体发生。

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13599

Radhika Santhanagopalan, Hannah Hok, Alex Shaw, Katherine D. Kinzler

{"title":"The Ontogeny of Attitudes Toward Migrants","authors":"Radhika Santhanagopalan, Hannah Hok, Alex Shaw, Katherine D. Kinzler","doi":"10.1111/desc.13599","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13599","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Immigration is among the most pressing issues of our time. Important questions concern the psychological mechanisms that contribute to attitudes about immigration. Whereas much is known about adults’ immigration attitudes, the developmental antecedents of these attitudes are not well understood. Across three studies (<i>N</i> = 616), we examined US children's attitudes toward migrants by introducing them to two novel groups of people: one native to an island and the other migrants to the island. The migrants varied by (1) <i>Migrant Status</i>: migrants came from a resource-poor island (fleers) or a resource-rich island (pursuers); and (2) <i>Acculturation Style</i>: migrants assimilated to the native culture (assimilated) or retained their original cultural identity (separated). We studied a range of children's immigration attitudes: children's preferences, resource allocations, and perceptions of solidarity between groups (Experiment 1), children's conferral of voting power (Experiment 2a) and political representation (Experiment 2b), and children's beliefs about political representation when an equal government was not possible (Experiment 3). Overall, children showed a bias toward natives, but the degree of their bias depended on the type of migrant they were evaluating. Children generally favored Pursuers over Fleers, and Assimilated migrants over Separated migrants. In some cases, the intersection of these factors mattered: children expressed a specific preference for Separated Pursuers and a specific penalization of Separated Fleers. These studies reveal the early developmental roots of immigration attitudes, particularly as they relate to political power and the intersecting forces of migrant status and acculturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11686459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Words Children Hear and See: Lexical Diversity Across-Modalities and Its Impact on Lexical Development 儿童听到和看到的词语：跨模式的词汇多样性及其对词汇发展的影响。

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13601

Luan Li, Ming Song, Qing Cai

{"title":"The Words Children Hear and See: Lexical Diversity Across-Modalities and Its Impact on Lexical Development","authors":"Luan Li, Ming Song, Qing Cai","doi":"10.1111/desc.13601","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13601","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Early vocabulary development benefits from diverse lexical exposures within children's language environment. However, the influence of lexical diversity on children as they enter middle childhood and are exposed to multimodal language inputs remains unclear. This study evaluates global and local aspects of lexical diversity in three 1.6-million-word child-directed corpora, representing average Chinese children's speech, print, and media language environments. Additionally, pseudo-multimodal samples were compiled from the three corpora to compare with the unimodal environments on lexical diversity. We then investigated the associations between lexical diversity and the acquisition of 361 words spanning early-to-middle childhood. The findings show that print and pseudo-multimodal language provided the most diverse lexical environments, whereas speech exhibited the least diversity. However, speech diversity most strongly predicted lexical development, particularly before the onset of middle childhood. Exploratory analysis revealed that lexical diversity of other modalities emerged as stronger predictors thereafter. Early lexical development was best predicted by words’ variations in connectivity with other words within an immediate context, whereas in middle childhood, variations in words’ occurrences in larger context windows became the primary predictor, implicating children's growing ability to attend to linguistic contexts of increasing sizes. Importantly, higher diversity was consistently associated with earlier word acquisition across measures and developmental phases. These findings underscore the critical role of varied lexical experiences in children's language development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intentionality and Congruence Cues Shape Young Children's Perceptions of Identity-Based Group Membership 意向性和一致性线索塑造幼儿对基于身份的群体成员的看法。

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13607

Brenda C. Straka, Adam Stanaland, Sarah E. Gaither

{"title":"Intentionality and Congruence Cues Shape Young Children's Perceptions of Identity-Based Group Membership","authors":"Brenda C. Straka, Adam Stanaland, Sarah E. Gaither","doi":"10.1111/desc.13607","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13607","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As young as 3 years old, children rely on a mutual intentionality framework to confer group membership—that is, agreement between a joiner (“I want to be in your group”) and group (“We want you to be in our group”). Here, we tested whether children apply this cognitive framework in the context of identity-based groups, specifically gender and race. In Study 1 (preregistered), we asked a large sample of 3–8-year-olds (<i>N</i> = 448; 224 girls) whether a novel joiner character (girl, boy) could join a group (girls, boys) based on joiner-group intentions (non-mutual, mutual) and joiner-group gender congruence (incongruent [e.g., girl-to-boys], congruent [e.g., girl-to-girls]). Study 2 (preregistered; <i>N</i> = 433; 208 minoritized race) followed the same structure as Study 1 but instead varied the race of the joiner (Black, White) and group (Black, White). In both studies, participants as young as 3 years old relied on a mutual intentionality framework to confer group membership. This effect strengthened with age, replicating past work and newly showing that children rely on mutual intentions in the context of identity-based groups. An exploratory integrative data analysis (IDA) comparing across studies revealed that participants additionally relied on joiner-group gender congruence to confer group membership as young as 3 years old (Study 1) but did not rely on joiner-group racial congruence until 5 years old (Study 2). It appears, then, that young children's determination of group membership is influenced by interactive cognitive processes that incorporate others’ mental processes (intentions) and their emerging understanding of the social world (identity-based group boundaries).</p>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11685800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142910389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forming Connections: Functional Brain Connectivity is Associated With Executive Functioning Abilities in Early Childhood 形成连接：功能性大脑连接与儿童早期的执行功能能力有关。

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13604

Caroline Kelsey, Adelia Kamenetskiy, Kaitlin Mulligan, Carly Tiras, Michaela Kent, Laurie Bayet, John Richards, Michelle Bosquet Enlow, Charles A. Nelson

{"title":"Forming Connections: Functional Brain Connectivity is Associated With Executive Functioning Abilities in Early Childhood","authors":"Caroline Kelsey, Adelia Kamenetskiy, Kaitlin Mulligan, Carly Tiras, Michaela Kent, Laurie Bayet, John Richards, Michelle Bosquet Enlow, Charles A. Nelson","doi":"10.1111/desc.13604","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13604","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies with adults provide evidence that functional brain networks, including the default mode network and frontoparietal network, underlie executive functioning (EF). However, given the challenges of using fMRI with infants and young children, little work has assessed the developmental trajectories of these networks or their associations with EF at key developmental stages. More recently, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a promising neuroimaging tool which can provide information on cortical functional networks and can be more easily implemented with young children. Children (<i>N</i> = 207; <i>n</i> = 116 male; <i>n</i> = 167 White) had fNIRS data recorded at infancy, 3, 5, and 7 years of age while watching a 2-min nonsocial video. At 3, 5, and 7 years, children completed behavioral assessments and parents completed questionnaires to assess child EF abilities. Results showed that, although early functional brain network connectivity was not associated with later functional brain connectivity, EF was concurrently and longitudinally associated with functional connectivity levels in both networks. Overall, these results inform the understanding of early emerging neural underpinnings of regulatory abilities and point to considerable change in the composition of functional brain networks and a conservation of function across development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Twice Upon a Time: Children Use Syntax to Learn the Meanings of Yesterday and Tomorrow 《从前两次：孩子们用语法学习昨天和明天的意思》。

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13600

Urvi Maheshwari, David Barner

引用次数: 0

Pathways From Spatial Skills to Mathematics: The Roles of Gender and Fluid Reasoning 从空间技能到数学的路径：性别和流动推理的角色。

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13602

Danielle Harris, Ilyse Resnick, Tracy Logan, Tom Lowrie

{"title":"Pathways From Spatial Skills to Mathematics: The Roles of Gender and Fluid Reasoning","authors":"Danielle Harris, Ilyse Resnick, Tracy Logan, Tom Lowrie","doi":"10.1111/desc.13602","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13602","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There are contentious and persistent gender differences reported in some measures of spatial skills, particularly mental rotation and, to a lesser extent, perspective-taking, which may have an impact on mathematics success. Furthermore, pathways between spatial skills and mathematics may be mediated by other cognitive factors, such as fluid reasoning. Participants (<i>N</i> = 320, age range 8–12 years) completed measures of mental rotation, perspective-taking, fluid reasoning, and mathematics. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the mediation effect of fluid reasoning on the relations between mental rotation and perspective-taking, and mathematics. Moderated mediation was performed to assess the effects of gender and age on these relations. Mental rotation and perspective-taking both predicted performance in mathematics for the overall sample, and fluid reasoning was found to partially mediate these relations. For mental rotation, gender moderated the mediation model, with mental rotation directly predicting performance in mathematics for males but not females. The mediation model for perspective-taking and mathematics was not moderated by gender. Although a predictor of performance, age did not moderate any of the reported relations. These findings suggest that gender differences in some spatial skills, such as mental rotation, may extend to the pathways linking the skills to mathematics. Although mental rotation may be predictive of mathematics performance for boys, the same might not be so for girls. Extrinsic spatial skills, such as perspective-taking, offer new pathways to explore in the growing body of work examining the links between spatial reasoning and mathematics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Peeked? Children Infer the Likely Cause of Improbable Success 谁偷看?孩子们推断不可能成功的可能原因。

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13598

Amy M. Chung, Terryn Kim, Ori Friedman, Stephanie Denison

{"title":"Who Peeked? Children Infer the Likely Cause of Improbable Success","authors":"Amy M. Chung, Terryn Kim, Ori Friedman, Stephanie Denison","doi":"10.1111/desc.13598","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13598","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some outcomes are brought about by intentional agents with access to information and others are not. Children use a variety of cues to infer the causes of outcomes, such as statistical reasoning (e.g., the probability of the outcome) and theory of mind (e.g., a person's perceptual access, preferences, or knowledge). Here we show that children use these cues to infer cheating, a finding which informs our understanding of the flexibility of children's theory of mind. In four experiments (<i>N</i> = 444), 4- to 7-year-olds saw vignettes about blindfolded agents retrieving 10 gumballs from a distribution of yummy and yucky gumballs. Children were then asked if agents were really blindfolded or had peeked. We manipulated the probability of the outcome (i.e., the correspondence between the distribution sampled from and the outcome produced) and the ordering of the outcome was patterned (e.g., five yummy then five yucky) or haphazard. From age 5, children began to use both cues to infer cheating, and also showed signs of flexibly integrating these cues. Together, these findings show that young children can detect cheaters, and that their theory of mind reasoning is flexible and not based on simple and rigid rules (e.g., equating not-seeing with failure). The findings also suggest that children use probabilistic reasoning to infer knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/desc.13598","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Happy Normativists: Do Children Express Happiness When Following Conventional Norms? 快乐规范主义者：儿童在遵循传统规范时会表达快乐吗？

IF 3.1 1区心理学

Developmental Science Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13596

Anne E. Riggs, Anne A. Fast

{"title":"Happy Normativists: Do Children Express Happiness When Following Conventional Norms?","authors":"Anne E. Riggs, Anne A. Fast","doi":"10.1111/desc.13596","DOIUrl":"10.1111/desc.13596","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Young children rapidly acquire and rigidly adhere to conventional norms. Prior accounts of this early-emerging norm behavior propose that children perceive conventional norms as obligations to their cultural groups and, in conforming to the norms, sacrifice their individual desires for the welfare of the group. In the current research, we investigate the hypothesis that children may actually derive <i>happiness</i> from adhering to conventional norms, thus aligning rather than diverging from their individual desires. To test this hypothesis, we presented 4–5-year-old children (<i>N</i> = 120) with a novel apparatus in which they were either be taught a set of actions that constituted the norm for operating the apparatus (Norm condition) or a set of actions that they chose from to use the apparatus (Control condition). While performing these actions, we videorecorded and coded children's facial expressions to measure the happiness they derived from performing the actions in the norm versus control conditions and asked them to retrospectively report on their happiness while using the apparatus. Facial expressions and self-reports of happiness did not differ across conditions; however, they were significantly higher than neutral.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48392,"journal":{"name":"Developmental Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0