Personality and Social Psychology Review最新文献_第8页

A Cultural Psychological Model of Cross-National Variation in Gender Gaps in STEM Participation. STEM参与性别差距跨国差异的文化心理模型

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-13 DOI: 10.1177/1088868320947005

Nur Soylu Yalcinkaya, Glenn Adams

{"title":"A Cultural Psychological Model of Cross-National Variation in Gender Gaps in STEM Participation.","authors":"Nur Soylu Yalcinkaya, Glenn Adams","doi":"10.1177/1088868320947005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868320947005","url":null,"abstract":"Gender gaps in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) participation are larger in societies where women have greater freedom of choice. We provide a cultural psychological model to explain this pattern. We consider how individualistic/post-materialistic cultural patterns in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrial, Rich, and Democratic) settings foster a self-expressive construction of academic choice, whereby affirming femininity/masculinity and ensuring identity fit become primary goals. Striving to fulfill these goals can lead men toward, and women away from, STEM pursuit, resulting in a large gender gap. In Majority World settings, on the contrary, collectivistic/materialistic cultural patterns foster a security-oriented construction, whereby achieving financial security and fulfilling relational expectations become primary goals of academic choice. These goals can lead both women and men toward secure and lucrative fields like STEM, resulting in a smaller gender gap. Finally, gender gaps in STEM participation feed back into the STEM=male stereotype. We discuss the implications of our model for research and theory, and intervention and policy.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"24 4","pages":"345-370"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868320947005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38260484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Beyond Allyship: Motivations for Advantaged Group Members to Engage in Action for Disadvantaged Groups. 超越盟友关系：优势群体成员参与弱势群体行动的动机。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-11-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/1088868320918698

Helena R M Radke, Maja Kutlaca, Birte Siem, Stephen C Wright, Julia C Becker

引用次数: 0

Folk Theories of Artifact Creation: How Intuitions About Human Labor Influence the Value of Artifacts. 民间神器创造理论:人类劳动直觉如何影响神器价值。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Epub Date: 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/1088868320905763

Madeline Judge, Julian W Fernando, Angela Paladino, Yoshihisa Kashima

{"title":"Folk Theories of Artifact Creation: How Intuitions About Human Labor Influence the Value of Artifacts.","authors":"Madeline Judge, Julian W Fernando, Angela Paladino, Yoshihisa Kashima","doi":"10.1177/1088868320905763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868320905763","url":null,"abstract":"What are the consequences of lay beliefs about how things are made? In this article, we describe a Western folk theory of artifact creation, highlighting how intuitive dualism regarding mental and physical labor (i.e., folk psychology) can lead to the perceived transmission of properties from makers to material artifacts (i.e., folk physics), and affect people's interactions with material artifacts. We show how this folk theory structures the conceptual domain of material artifacts by differentiating the contemporary lay concepts of art/craft and industrial production, and how it influences people's evaluations of different types of artifacts and their makers. We propose that the folk theory and lay concepts of art/craft and industrial production are best understood within a specific sociohistorical context, and review potential sources of cross-cultural and cross-temporal variation. We conclude by making recommendations for future research and examining the implications for promoting environmental sustainability and social justice in production systems.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"24 3","pages":"195-211"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868320905763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37687326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Introducing the Sociopolitical Motive × Intergroup Threat Model to Understand How Monoracial Perceivers' Sociopolitical Motives Influence Their Categorization of Multiracial People. 引入社会政治动机×群体间威胁模型，了解单一种族感知者的社会政治动机如何影响他们对多种族人群的分类。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-25 DOI: 10.1177/1088868320917051

Arnold K Ho, Nour S Kteily, Jacqueline M Chen

{"title":"Introducing the Sociopolitical Motive × Intergroup Threat Model to Understand How Monoracial Perceivers' Sociopolitical Motives Influence Their Categorization of Multiracial People.","authors":"Arnold K Ho, Nour S Kteily, Jacqueline M Chen","doi":"10.1177/1088868320917051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868320917051","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have used social dominance, system justification, authoritarianism, and social identity theories to understand how monoracial perceivers' sociopolitical motives influence their categorization of multiracial people. The result has been a growing understanding of how particular sociopolitical motives and contexts affect categorization, without a unifying perspective to integrate these insights. We review evidence supporting each theory's predictions concerning how monoracial perceivers categorize multiracial people who combine their ingroup with an outgroup, with attention to the moderating role of perceiver group status. We find most studies cannot arbitrate between theories of categorization and reveal additional gaps in the literature. To advance this research area, we introduce the sociopolitical motive × intergroup threat model of racial categorization that (a) clarifies which sociopolitical motives interact with which intergroup threats to predict categorization and (b) highlights the role of perceiver group status. Furthermore, we consider how our model can help understand phenomena beyond multiracial categorization.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"24 3","pages":"260-286"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868320917051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37972474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Implicit? What Do You Mean? A Comprehensive Review of the Delusive Implicitness Construct in Attitude Research. 隐式?你是什么意思?态度研究中的错觉内隐构念综述。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-20 DOI: 10.1177/1088868320911325

Olivier Corneille, Mandy Hütter

{"title":"Implicit? What Do You Mean? A Comprehensive Review of the Delusive Implicitness Construct in Attitude Research.","authors":"Olivier Corneille, Mandy Hütter","doi":"10.1177/1088868320911325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868320911325","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a comprehensive review of divergent conceptualizations of the \"implicit\" construct that have emerged in attitude research over the past two decades. In doing so, our goal is to raise awareness of the harmful consequences of conceptual ambiguities associated with this terminology. We identify three main conceptualizations of the \"implicitness\" construct: the procedural conceptualization (implicit-as-indirect), the functional conceptualization (implicit-as-automatic), and the mental theory conceptualization (implicit-as-associative), as well as two hybrid conceptualizations (implicit-as-indirect-and-automatic, implicit-as-driven-by-affective-gut-reactions). We discuss critical limitations associated with each conceptualization and explain that confusion also arises from their coexistence. We recommend discontinuing the usage of the \"implicit\" terminology in attitude research and research inspired by it. We offer terminological alternatives aimed at increasing both the precision of theorization and the practical value of future research.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"24 3","pages":"212-232"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868320911325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37756547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 84

Victims, Vignettes, and Videos: Meta-Analytic and Experimental Evidence That Emotional Impact Enhances the Derogation of Innocent Victims. 受害者、小故事和视频：元分析和实验证据表明，情感冲击会增强对无辜受害者的贬损。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/1088868320914208

Rael J Dawtry, Mitchell J Callan, Annelie J Harvey, Ana I Gheorghiu

{"title":"Victims, Vignettes, and Videos: Meta-Analytic and Experimental Evidence That Emotional Impact Enhances the Derogation of Innocent Victims.","authors":"Rael J Dawtry, Mitchell J Callan, Annelie J Harvey, Ana I Gheorghiu","doi":"10.1177/1088868320914208","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1088868320914208","url":null,"abstract":"Research during the 1960s found that observers could be moved enough by an innocent victim's suffering to derogate their character. However, recent research has produced inconsistent evidence for this effect. We conducted the first meta-analysis (k = 55) of the experimental literature on the victim derogation effect to test the hypothesis that it varies as a function of the emotional impactfulness of the context for observers. We found that studies which employed more impactful contexts (e.g., that were real and vivid) reported larger derogation effects. Emotional impact was, however, confounded by year of appearance, such that older studies reported larger effects and were more impactful. To disentangle the role of emotional impact, in two primary experiments we found that more impactful contexts increased the derogation of an innocent victim. Overall, the findings advance our theoretical understanding of the contexts in which observers are more likely to derogate an innocent victim.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"24 3","pages":"233-259"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7506872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37860267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intragroup Emotion Convergence: Beyond Contagion and Social Appraisal 群体内情绪趋同:超越传染和社会评价

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/1088868319882596

B. Parkinson

引用次数: 35

He is a Stud, She is a Slut! A Meta-Analysis on the Continued Existence of Sexual Double Standards. 他是种马，她是荡妇!性别双重标准持续存在的元分析。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-05-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/1088868319891310

Joyce J Endendijk, Anneloes L van Baar, Maja Deković

{"title":"He is a Stud, She is a Slut! A Meta-Analysis on the Continued Existence of Sexual Double Standards.","authors":"Joyce J Endendijk, Anneloes L van Baar, Maja Deković","doi":"10.1177/1088868319891310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868319891310","url":null,"abstract":"(Hetero)sexual double standards (SDS) entail that different sexual behaviors are appropriate for men and women. This meta-analysis (k = 99; N = 123,343) tested predictions of evolutionary and biosocial theories regarding the existence of SDS in social cognitions. Databases were searched for studies examining attitudes or stereotypes regarding the sexual behaviors of men versus women. Studies assessing differences in evaluations, or expectations, of men's and women's sexual behavior yielded evidence for traditional SDS (d = 0.25). For men, frequent sexual activity was more expected, and evaluated more positively, than for women. Studies using Likert-type-scale questionnaires did not yield evidence of SDS (combined M = -0.09). Effects were moderated by level of gender equality in the country in which the study was conducted, SDS-operationalization (attitudes vs. stereotypes), questionnaire type, and sexual behavior type. Results are consistent with a hybrid model incorporating both evolutionary and sociocultural factors contributing to SDS.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"24 2","pages":"163-190"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868319891310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37494879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 72

Are Collectivistic Cultures More Prone to Rapid Transformation? Computational Models of Cross-Cultural Differences, Social Network Structure, Dynamic Social Influence, and Cultural Change. 集体主义文化更容易快速转型吗?跨文化差异、社会网络结构、动态社会影响和文化变迁的计算模型。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-05-01 Epub Date: 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.1177/1088868319855783

Michael Muthukrishna, Mark Schaller

{"title":"Are Collectivistic Cultures More Prone to Rapid Transformation? Computational Models of Cross-Cultural Differences, Social Network Structure, Dynamic Social Influence, and Cultural Change.","authors":"Michael Muthukrishna, Mark Schaller","doi":"10.1177/1088868319855783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868319855783","url":null,"abstract":"Societies differ in susceptibility to social influence and in the social network structure through which individuals influence each other. What implications might these cultural differences have for changes in cultural norms over time? Using parameters informed by empirical evidence, we computationally modeled these cross-cultural differences to predict two forms of cultural change: consolidation of opinion majorities into stronger majorities, and the spread of initially unpopular beliefs. Results obtained from more than 300,000 computer simulations showed that in populations characterized by greater susceptibility to social influence, there was more rapid consolidation of majority opinion and also more successful spread of initially unpopular beliefs. Initially unpopular beliefs also spread more readily in populations characterized by less densely connected social networks. These computational outputs highlight the value of computational modeling methods as a means to specify hypotheses about specific ways in which cross-cultural differences may have long-term consequences for cultural stability and cultural change.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"24 2","pages":"103-120"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868319855783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37380683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Social Psychological Theory as History: Outlining the Critical-Historical Approach to Theory 作为历史的社会心理学理论:概述理论的批判-历史方法

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2020-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/1088868319883174

Daniel Sullivan

引用次数: 18