Personality and Social Psychology Review最新文献_第10页

The Relationships of Intergroup Ideologies to Ethnic Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis. 族群间意识形态与族群偏见的关系:一个元分析。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Epub Date: 2018-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/1088868318761423

Bernard E Whitley, Gregory D Webster

{"title":"The Relationships of Intergroup Ideologies to Ethnic Prejudice: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Bernard E Whitley, Gregory D Webster","doi":"10.1177/1088868318761423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318761423","url":null,"abstract":"This meta-analysis summarizes the results of research on the relationships of majority group members' endorsement of assimilation, colorblindness, multiculturalism, and the relative relationships of colorblindness and multiculturalism to ethnic prejudice. Random effects analyses found that assimilation was positively related to explicit prejudice (g. = 0.80), multiculturalism was negatively related to both explicit (g. = -0.26) and implicit prejudice (g. = -0.19), and colorblindness was negatively related to explicit prejudice (g. = -0.07). Multiculturalism was more closely associated with low prejudice than colorblindness (g. = 0.15). Effect sizes varied as a function of methodology (experimental vs. correlational), country in which research was conducted (United States vs. other countries), and, in experimental studies of multiculturalism, type of prime used (abstract vs. concrete). Discussion points include methodological issues, groups used as targets of prejudice, national diversity norms, additional issues raised in the studies reviewed, and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"23 3","pages":"207-237"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868318761423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35976757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66

Toward a Research Agenda for the Study of Situation Perceptions: A Variance Componential Framework. 情境感知研究的研究议程:一个方差组成框架。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Epub Date: 2018-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/1088868318765600

John Rauthmann, Ryne Sherman

{"title":"Toward a Research Agenda for the Study of Situation Perceptions: A Variance Componential Framework.","authors":"John Rauthmann, Ryne Sherman","doi":"10.1177/1088868318765600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318765600","url":null,"abstract":"Situation perception represents the fulcrum of a \"psychology of situations\" because situation ratings are ubiquitous. However, no systematic research program exists so far, particularly because two competing traditions have not been integrated: Objectivist views stress situations' consensually shared meanings (social reality), and subjectivist views idiosyncratic meanings (personal reality). A componential framework can disentangle social from personal reality in situation perceptions: When multiple perceivers (P) rate multiple situations (S) on multiple situation characteristics (C), variance in those ratings can be decomposed according to S × C, P × S, and P × C breakdowns. Six grand questions of situation perception research are spawned from these decompositions: complexity, similarity, assimilation, consensus, uniqueness, and accuracy. Analyses of real data are provided to exemplify our ideas, along with customizable R codes for all methods. A componential framework allows novel and unique insights into different questions surrounding situation perceptions and provides a coherent research agenda.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"23 3","pages":"238-266"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868318765600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36030488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

The Extended Contact Hypothesis: A Meta-Analysis on 20 Years of Research. 延伸接触假说:20年研究的元分析。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-05-01 Epub Date: 2018-04-19 DOI: 10.1177/1088868318762647

Shelly Zhou, Elizabeth Page-Gould, Arthur Aron, Anne Moyer, Miles Hewstone

{"title":"The Extended Contact Hypothesis: A Meta-Analysis on 20 Years of Research.","authors":"Shelly Zhou, Elizabeth Page-Gould, Arthur Aron, Anne Moyer, Miles Hewstone","doi":"10.1177/1088868318762647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318762647","url":null,"abstract":"According to the extended contact hypothesis, knowing that in-group members have cross-group friends improves attitudes toward this out-group. This meta-analysis covers the 20 years of research that currently exists on the extended contact hypothesis, and consists of 248 effect sizes from 115 studies. The aggregate relationship between extended contact and intergroup attitudes was r = .25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [.22, .27], which reduced to r = .17, 95% CI = [.14, .19] after removing direct friendship's contribution; these results suggest that extended contact's hypothesized relationship to intergroup attitudes is small-to-medium and exists independently of direct friendship. This relationship was larger when extended contact was perceived versus actual, highlighting the importance of perception in extended contact. Current results on extended contact mostly resembled their direct friendship counterparts, suggesting similarity between these contact types. These unique insights about extended contact and its relationship with direct friendship should enrich and spur growth within this literature.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"23 2","pages":"132-160"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868318762647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36023024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 175

Using Machine Learning to Advance Personality Assessment and Theory. 使用机器学习推进人格评估和理论。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-05-01 Epub Date: 2018-05-23 DOI: 10.1177/1088868318772990

Wiebke Bleidorn, Christopher James Hopwood

引用次数: 135

Associative Attitude Learning: A Closer Look at Evidence and How It Relates to Attitude Models. 联合态度学习:仔细观察证据及其与态度模型的关系。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-05-01 Epub Date: 2018-03-24 DOI: 10.1177/1088868318763261

Olivier Corneille, Christoph Stahl

{"title":"Associative Attitude Learning: A Closer Look at Evidence and How It Relates to Attitude Models.","authors":"Olivier Corneille, Christoph Stahl","doi":"10.1177/1088868318763261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318763261","url":null,"abstract":"Associative attitude learning is typically viewed as a low-level process that automatically registers mere co-occurrences between stimuli, independent of their validity and relational meaning. This view invites to critically examine how attitude formation conforms to four operating conditions (i.e., unawareness, efficiency, goal independence, and uncontrollability) and two operating principles (i.e., unqualified registration of mere co-occurrences between stimuli and formation of direct stimulus-response links), which is the main purpose of the present contribution. The general discussion examines how contemporary attitude models endorse these conditions and principles. Overall, this contribution calls for (a) a nuanced understanding of the nature and scope of associative attitude learning, (b) a fine-grained understanding of how contemporary attitude models endorse conditions and principles reviewed here and find them relevant to their theorization of attitude formation, (c) a clarification of how direct and indirect evaluative measures relate to these conditions and principles, and (d) enhanced efforts in specifying contemporary attitude formation models.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"23 2","pages":"161-189"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868318763261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35945419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 85

Is Ego Depletion Real? An Analysis of Arguments. 自我损耗是真实的吗?论点分析。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-05-01 Epub Date: 2018-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/1088868318762183

Malte Friese, David D Loschelder, Karolin Gieseler, Julius Frankenbach, Michael Inzlicht

引用次数: 203

Is Empathy the Default Response to Suffering? A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Perspective Taking’s Effect on Empathic Concern 同理心是对痛苦的默认反应吗?视角采取对共情关怀影响的元分析评价

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/1088868319887599

W. McAuliffe, Evan C. Carter, Juliana F Berhane, Alexander Snihur, M. McCullough

{"title":"Is Empathy the Default Response to Suffering? A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Perspective Taking’s Effect on Empathic Concern","authors":"W. McAuliffe, Evan C. Carter, Juliana F Berhane, Alexander Snihur, M. McCullough","doi":"10.1177/1088868319887599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868319887599","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted a series of meta-analytic tests on experiments in which participants read perspective-taking instructions—that is, written instructions to imagine a distressed persons’ point of view (“imagine-self” and “imagine-other” instructions), or to inhibit such actions (“remain-objective” instructions)—and afterwards reported how much empathic concern they experienced upon learning about the distressed person. If people spontaneously empathize with others, then participants who receive remain-objective instructions should report less empathic concern than do participants in a “no-instructions” control condition; if people can deliberately increase how much empathic concern they experience, then imagine-self and imagine-other instructions should increase empathic concern relative to not receiving any instructions. Random-effects models revealed that remain-objective instructions reduced empathic concern, but “imagine” instructions did not significantly increase it. The results were robust to most corrections for bias. Our conclusions were not qualified by the study characteristics we examined, but most relevant moderators have not yet been thoroughly studied.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"141 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79144740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Does Self-Esteem Have an Interpersonal Imprint Beyond Self-Reports? A Meta-Analysis of Self-Esteem and Objective Interpersonal Indicators. 自尊是否有超越自我报告的人际印记?自尊与客观人际关系指标的元分析。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-02-01 Epub Date: 2018-02-26 DOI: 10.1177/1088868318756532

Jessica J Cameron, Steve Granger

{"title":"Does Self-Esteem Have an Interpersonal Imprint Beyond Self-Reports? A Meta-Analysis of Self-Esteem and Objective Interpersonal Indicators.","authors":"Jessica J Cameron, Steve Granger","doi":"10.1177/1088868318756532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318756532","url":null,"abstract":"Self-esteem promises to serve as the nexus of social experiences ranging from social acceptance, interpersonal traits, interpersonal behavior, relationship quality, and relationship stability. Yet previous researchers have questioned the utility of self-esteem for understanding relational outcomes. To examine the importance of self-esteem for understanding interpersonal experiences, we conducted systematic meta-analyses on the association between trait self-esteem and five types of interpersonal indicators. To ensure our results were not due to self-esteem biases in perception, we focused our meta-analyses to 196 samples totaling 121,300 participants wherein researchers assessed interpersonal indicators via outsider reports. Results revealed that the association between self-esteem and the majority of objective interpersonal indicators was small to moderate, lowest for specific and distal outcomes, and moderated by social risk. Importantly, a subset of longitudinal studies suggests that self-esteem predicts later interpersonal experience. Our results should encourage researchers to further explore the link between self-esteem and one's interpersonal world.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"73-102"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868318756532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35863356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

Self-Enhancement and Psychological Adjustment: A Meta-Analytic Review. 自我提升与心理调适:一项元分析回顾。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-02-01 Epub Date: 2018-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/1088868318756467

Michael Dufner, Jochen E Gebauer, Constantine Sedikides, Jaap J A Denissen

{"title":"Self-Enhancement and Psychological Adjustment: A Meta-Analytic Review.","authors":"Michael Dufner, Jochen E Gebauer, Constantine Sedikides, Jaap J A Denissen","doi":"10.1177/1088868318756467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318756467","url":null,"abstract":"This article advances the debate about costs and benefits of self-enhancement (the tendency to maintain unrealistically positive self-views) with a comprehensive meta-analytic review (299 samples, N = 126,916). The review considers relations between self-enhancement and personal adjustment (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, depression), and between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment (informant reports of domain-general social valuation, agency, communion). Self-enhancement was positively related to personal adjustment, and this relation was robust across sex, age, cohort, and culture. Important from a causal perspective, self-enhancement had a positive longitudinal effect on personal adjustment. The relation between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment was nuanced. Self-enhancement was positively related to domain-general social valuation at 0, but not long, acquaintance. Communal self-enhancement was positively linked to informant judgments of communion, whereas agentic self-enhancement was linked positively to agency but negatively to communion. Overall, the results suggest that self-enhancement is beneficial for personal adjustment but a mixed blessing for interpersonal adjustment.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"48-72"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868318756467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35909125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 128

Bad Is Stronger Than Good for Stigmatized, but Not Admired Outgroups: Meta-Analytical Tests of Intergroup Valence Asymmetry in Individual-to-Group Generalization Experiments. 对被污名化的外群体而言，坏强于好:个体对群体泛化实验中群体间价态不对称的元分析检验。

IF 10.8 1区心理学

Personality and Social Psychology Review Pub Date : 2019-02-01 Epub Date: 2018-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/1088868317753504

Stefania Paolini, Kylie McIntyre

{"title":"Bad Is Stronger Than Good for Stigmatized, but Not Admired Outgroups: Meta-Analytical Tests of Intergroup Valence Asymmetry in Individual-to-Group Generalization Experiments.","authors":"Stefania Paolini, Kylie McIntyre","doi":"10.1177/1088868317753504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868317753504","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of risk aversion, epistemic defense, and ingroup enhancement converge in predicting greater impact of negative (vs. positive) experiences with outgroup members on generalized evaluations of stigmatized outgroups. However, they diverge in predictions for admired outgroups. Past tests have focused on negative outgroups using correlational designs without a control group. Consequently, they have not distinguished between alternative explanations or ascertained the direction of causality/generalization, and they have suffered from self-selection biases. These limitations were redressed by a meta-analysis of experimental research on individual-to-group generalization with positive and negative outgroups (59 tests; 3,012 participants). Controlling for modest confounds, the meta-analysis found a generalization advantage of negative experiences for stigmatized outgroups and a generalization advantage of positive experiences for admired outgroups. These results highlight the centrality of valenced expectations about outgroups, consistent with epistemic defense and ingroup enhancement and inconsistent with risk aversion. Implications for positive changes in intergroup dynamics are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48386,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"3-47"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1088868317753504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35857179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52