European Journal of Social Psychology最新文献

Understanding prosocial and antisocial behaviours: The roles of self-focused and other-focused motivational orientations

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3110

Keven Joyal-Desmarais, Hyun Euh, Alexandra Scharmer, Mark Snyder

{"title":"Understanding prosocial and antisocial behaviours: The roles of self-focused and other-focused motivational orientations","authors":"Keven Joyal-Desmarais, Hyun Euh, Alexandra Scharmer, Mark Snyder","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.3110","url":null,"abstract":"We examine how individual differences in self-focused and other-focused orientations relate to prosocial (e.g., helping, volunteerism) and antisocial (e.g., theft, violence) behaviours/attitudes. Using four datasets (total N = 176,216; across 78 countries), we find that other-focused orientations (e.g., socially focused values, intimacy motivation, compassionate/communal traits) generally relate positively to prosocial outcomes and negatively to antisocial outcomes. These effects are highly consistent cross-nationally and across multiple ways of operationalizing constructs. In contrast, self-focused orientations (e.g., personally focused values, power motivation, assertive/agentic traits) tend to relate positively to both antisocial and prosocial outcomes. However, associations with prosocial outcomes vary substantially across nations and construct operationalizations. Overall, the effects of other-focused orientations are consistently larger than those of self-focused orientations. We discuss the implications of these findings for interventions that target self-focused and other-focused motivations to influence prosocial and antisocial outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1610-1643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘(N)One of us but all of them!’ Ingroup favouritism on individual and group levels in the context of deviant behaviour 我们中的一员，却是他们中的全部！"（"我们中的一员，却是他们中的全部！"）。偏差行为背景下个人和群体层面的群体偏袒

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3103

Zahra Khosrowtaj, Sarah Teige-Mocigemba, Vincent Yzerbyt

{"title":"‘(N)One of us but all of them!’ Ingroup favouritism on individual and group levels in the context of deviant behaviour","authors":"Zahra Khosrowtaj, Sarah Teige-Mocigemba, Vincent Yzerbyt","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3103","url":null,"abstract":"Past research hints both at more extreme judgements of ingroup deviants and at attributional biases in the case of Muslims, immigrants and refugees. We examined two recently observed patterns in the context of intergroup violence: harsher judgements on the individual level (black sheep effect) and milder judgements on the cultural level when a perpetrator stems from the ingroup. We further investigated whether these patterns were affected by (a) the outgroup being salient (Experiment 1), (b) the comparison context (Experiments 2–3) and (c) participants perceiving the ingroup as high versus low in entitativity (Experiment 3). Experiments 1 (N = 437), 2 (N = 283) and 3 (N = 703) revealed the presence of robust effects on cultural level with participants treating the ingroup culture more leniently than the outgroup culture. Moreover, on the individual level, Experiments 2 and 3 found an overall black sheep effect that was especially prevalent in an intergroup context. Outgroup salience and ingroup entitativity did not affect participants’ judgements on individual and cultural levels. This protection of the ingroup both on an individual and on a cultural level may hint at a derogation of the outgroup. We discuss implications and insights for future research.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1593-1609"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Never again: Lessons of genocide in survivor testimonies from the Holocaust, Nanjing massacre and Rwandan genocide 永不重演：大屠杀、南京大屠杀和卢旺达种族灭绝幸存者证词中的种族灭绝教训

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3108

Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Trina Konushevci, Amer Macedonci, Hyomin Lee

{"title":"Never again: Lessons of genocide in survivor testimonies from the Holocaust, Nanjing massacre and Rwandan genocide","authors":"Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Trina Konushevci, Amer Macedonci, Hyomin Lee","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3108","url":null,"abstract":"In the aftermath of traumatic events, individuals and groups seek to make sense of these experiences. ‘Never again’ is often considered the primary lesson of genocide. Yet, people may understand this lesson in different ways, and other lessons may also be relevant. The present paper reports a qualitative content analysis of publicly available testimonies from survivors of the Holocaust, the Rwandan Genocide and the Nanjing Massacre (N = 200), examining the lessons of genocide that these survivors shared publicly. We identified six broad categories of lessons that were represented across contexts and extended the lessons commonly considered: Lessons on the individual and interpersonal level, on the ingroup level, the (inclusive) intergroup level, the universal level, and concerning both collective memories and the future. These lessons go beyond ‘never again’ and show different individual and societal obligations and insights that survivors sharing their testimony deem most important to learn from their experience of genocide.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1577-1592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142223528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age of the examiner and older people's memory performances: A test of the stereotype threat theory using variations on negative age stereotypes across 18 European countries 考官年龄与老年人的记忆表现：利用 18 个欧洲国家的负面年龄刻板印象的变化检验刻板印象威胁理论

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3107

Neele H. Heiser, Olivier Desrichard

{"title":"Age of the examiner and older people's memory performances: A test of the stereotype threat theory using variations on negative age stereotypes across 18 European countries","authors":"Neele H. Heiser, Olivier Desrichard","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3107","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3107","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated whether the age of examiner effect, that is, the positive relation between cognitive performance of older people and age of their examiner, relies on stereotype threat. Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), European Social Survey, European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe were crossed. Older people from different countries were tested on verbal short- and long-term recall components of memory, by examiners of different ages. Country-specific indicators of negative age stereotypes, related to the stereotype threat mechanism, were used. We expected that the age of examiner effect would be stronger in countries with more negative age stereotypes. The results replicated the age of examiner effect, but contrary to our hypothesis, this effect was not moderated by countries’ indicators of negative age stereotypes. Negative age stereotypes across countries, such as experienced discrimination among older people, lack of active ageing index, unemployment ratio and perceived negative competence of older people decrease memory. The results are discussed in relation to stereotype threat theory.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1558-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do women only apply when they are 100% qualified, whereas men already apply when they are 60% qualified? 女性是否只有在 100% 合格时才申请，而男性在 60% 合格时就已经申请了？

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3109

Mona Salwender, Dagmar Stahlberg

{"title":"Do women only apply when they are 100% qualified, whereas men already apply when they are 60% qualified?","authors":"Mona Salwender, Dagmar Stahlberg","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3109","url":null,"abstract":"We tested the popular claim that women only apply for jobs when they are 100% qualified, whereas men apply already with as little as a 60% qualification fit. In Study 1, we presented a job advertisement and a CV with different levels of qualification fit. Participants were asked to imagine that the presented CV was their own and to indicate whether they would apply for the advertised job. No gender difference emerged in participants’ application intentions, neither at 60% nor at 100% qualification fit. To enhance personal involvement, in Studies 2–4 we presented a job advertisement and asked participants to indicate whether they themselves would apply for the advertised job. Afterwards, participants indicated for every qualification criterion listed in the job advertisement whether they fulfilled it or not. We found a significant, but not robust gender difference in the predicted direction in the relationship between application intention and qualification fit. In addition, when asking how much women and men wanted to be prepared in application situations, women robustly indicated a higher desire for preparedness than men. Overall, our results indicate that for women psychological hurdles (i.e., desire for preparedness, fears and other gender-relevant indicators assessed) are higher in application situations than for men. However, these do not seem to translate reliably into differential application intentions in the experimental paradigms used in our studies. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1545-1557"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In control but uninspired: Displays of artist self-control undermine perceptions of creativity 控制自如却缺乏灵感：艺术家自我控制的表现破坏了对创造力的认知

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3102

Michail D. Kokkoris, Olga Stavrova

{"title":"In control but uninspired: Displays of artist self-control undermine perceptions of creativity","authors":"Michail D. Kokkoris, Olga Stavrova","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3102","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research highlighted the interpersonal benefits of self-control in professional contexts: People prefer high self-control individuals as work or study partners and expect them to perform better than low self-control individuals. We show that these benefits of self-control reverse in the artistic domain. Results of one pilot study and five preregistered online experiments (N = 1644) reveal that artists with high (vs. low) self-control are perceived as less creative. This effect replicates across various artistic domains (visual art, music, poetry, screenwriting), holds for both male and female artists and can be explained by perceptions of lower experiential processing, which is considered indispensable for creativity. However, art created by high (vs. low) self-control artists is ascribed higher market value due to stronger attributions of productivity. These findings provide novel insights into the social perception of self-control and contribute to the understudied topic of the downsides of self-control as well as to the literature on lay theories of creativity.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1531-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The responsibility of setting a bad example: Models are blamed for their imitators’ behaviour 树立坏榜样的责任：模仿者的行为归咎于模特

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3101

Peter Kardos, Bernhard Leidner, Brian Lickel

{"title":"The responsibility of setting a bad example: Models are blamed for their imitators’ behaviour","authors":"Peter Kardos, Bernhard Leidner, Brian Lickel","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3101","url":null,"abstract":"Imitating each other is a central element of human nature and everyday life. Modelling – setting an example to others – and imitation – when the modelled behaviour is copied – are just as fundamental to learning as to maintaining and transmitting culture. Yet, the moral connotations of modelling and imitation are not well understood. Building on and extending the theoretical framework of vicarious responsibility, we investigate the imitated model's responsibility and the psychological processes underlying blame attribution to the model for their imitators’ behaviour. We argue that people understand that imitating a wrongdoing renders it potentially more consequential and that people account for these additional consequences in their appraisals of the original, modelled wrongdoing. Moreover, we hypothesized that models would be blamed for their imitators’ harmful behaviour to the extent that the observers copied the model's action. Five studies (Ntotal = 945) utilizing various contexts from animal mistreatment to online bullying, three of them preregistered, provide consistent support for our hypotheses and show that models are blamed for their imitators’ behaviour, that is, for setting a bad example for others. Extending present theories of vicarious responsibility, we demonstrate that shared group membership is not always a necessary requirement for vicarious blame attributions.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1500-1514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explaining a collective false alarm: Context and cognition in the Oxford Street crowd flight incident 解释集体误报：牛津街人群逃离事件中的情境与认知

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3105

Dermot Barr, John Drury, Linda Bell, Nils Devynck, Çağla Gayretli, Simran Lalli, Harry Linfield

{"title":"Explaining a collective false alarm: Context and cognition in the Oxford Street crowd flight incident","authors":"Dermot Barr, John Drury, Linda Bell, Nils Devynck, Çağla Gayretli, Simran Lalli, Harry Linfield","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3105","url":null,"abstract":"Collective false alarms can cause significant disruption, costly emergency response, and distress. Yet an adequate psychological explanation for these incidents is lacking. We interviewed 39 participants and analysed multiple secondary data sources from the 2017 false alarm in Oxford Street, UK, to develop a new explanation of this phenomenon. There was evidence that awareness of recent collectively self-relevant terrorist attacks lowered the threshold for interpreting ambiguous signals as signs of hostile threat. Interviewees also fled and hid after inferring threats from others’ fear and flight responses. Cooperative behaviour was sporadic and was associated with an emergent sense of groupness that occurred in limited locations. The analysis suggests that crowd behaviour in false alarms has more in common with the meaningful behaviour typically found in real emergencies than with the image of uncontrolled ‘mass panic’ portrayed in news media. These findings have implications for policy in preparing the public for terrorist attacks.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1515-1530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejsp.3105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The social amplification of illusory correlations 虚幻关联的社会放大效应

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3104

Cristina Mendonça, André Mata, Mário Boto Ferreira, Hans Alves

{"title":"The social amplification of illusory correlations","authors":"Cristina Mendonça, André Mata, Mário Boto Ferreira, Hans Alves","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3104","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3104","url":null,"abstract":"Illusory correlations are thought to underlie many undesirable judgements and behaviours, such as those that result in out-group discrimination. In this research, illusory correlations are investigated in a dynamic fashion using the serial reproduction paradigm. Specifically, participants learned about members of certain groups and behaviours that they performed or attributes that they possessed. Afterwards, they were asked to recall that information and pass it on to other participants, such that whatever memory bias they produced was built into the information that was presented to others. Results revealed a weak tendency for the first participants to perceive an illusory correlation between certain groups and certain behaviours or attributes. More importantly, this pattern grew stronger as information was communicated across participants in a communication chain. That is, the illusory correlation became larger as the information passed from one participant to the next. These results show how biases can grow in society, such that what starts out as a very small misperception can acquire large proportions when incorrect information travels through different people.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1489-1499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Motivational underpinnings of support for radical political leaders 支持激进政治领导人的动机基础

IF 2.8 2区心理学

European Journal of Social Psychology Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.3090

Joanna Grzymala-Moszczynska, Marta Maj, Marta Szastok, Arie Kruglanski, Katarzyna Jasko

{"title":"Motivational underpinnings of support for radical political leaders","authors":"Joanna Grzymala-Moszczynska, Marta Maj, Marta Szastok, Arie Kruglanski, Katarzyna Jasko","doi":"10.1002/ejsp.3090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejsp.3090","url":null,"abstract":"The present research examined the idea that followers are more strongly motivated by radical as opposed to moderate political leaders. We derived this idea from the significance quest theory that posits that a desire to feel important and meaningful is one of the fundamental human motives. We expected that voters would be more willing to support political actors when they perceived them as radical as opposed to moderate, because the goals of those radical actors would be more personally important for voters. Consequently, supporters would experience a greater sense of personal significance from supporting such goals, which would motivate them to get engaged on behalf of their candidates. In five studies (N = 2154), including two preregistered replications, spanning two US presidential elections (2016, 2020) and Polish parliamentary elections (2023), we found support for our predictions. The results showed that as followers perceived their candidates as more radical, they viewed the leaders' goals as more personally important, experienced a greater sense of personal significance, and expressed a higher willingness to make sacrifices for the candidates. These results contribute to the understanding of the appeal of radical political actors.","PeriodicalId":48377,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Social Psychology","volume":"54 7","pages":"1476-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142178063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0