Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Rider's behavioral adaptation across different roadside configurations in dedicated two-wheeler lane: a simulator study in India","authors":"Harish Kumar Saini,&nbsp;Ankit Kathuria","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motorized two-wheelers (MTWs) predominate traffic in several south-Asian countries, especially in India, with over 78% of the vehicle fleet and a substantial proportion involved in crashes. Regardless of increasing attempts to design exclusive MTW lanes, the impact of various segregation devices on rider behavior and perception remains unexplored. Using a motorcycle driving simulator, the present study evaluates rider behavioural adaptation to four segregation devices, i.e., paint, kerb, guardrail, and barrier. Speed, lateral position, and time-to-collision (TTC) were identified as key behavioural parameters, analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA and mixed ANOVA to examine interactions with gender and driving experience. The findings indicate higher average speed and more stable lateral position in guardrail-separated lanes, especially among experienced riders, with lower perceived safety, higher behavioural variability, and lower comfort in paint-separated lanes. Female riders exhibited more defensive behavior, as indicated by higher TTC and lower speed, suggesting gender-related variations in safety adaptation. Subjective ratings, examined by the Friedman test, also identified a strong preference for guardrail-separated lanes in terms of safety, comfort, and distraction. The research provides empirical insights for policymakers and transport planners to design user-relevant, psychologically responsive MTW lanes that promote improved rider safety and infrastructure acceptance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103724"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148526110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression and rideshare work in Australia","authors":"Brett Shannon,&nbsp;Kirsten Almberg,&nbsp;Tessa Bonney,&nbsp;Holger Möller,&nbsp;Rebecca Q. Ivers,&nbsp;Courtney Ryder,&nbsp;Sjaan Koppel,&nbsp;Lee S Friedman,&nbsp;Johnathon Ehsani","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Occupational hazards including psychosocial factors in the workplace are adversely associated with workers' mental health. Rideshare drivers, and other contingent workers, are potentially at increased risk but little research has explored this. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and rideshare work.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We surveyed a convenience sample of Australian rideshare drivers using an online questionnaire in 2024. We examined level of depression by demographic, socioeconomic, physical health and occupational factors. Drivers completed a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and were classified as having no-mild depression (PHQ-9 &lt; 10) or moderate-severe depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Of 300 rideshare drivers, greater than one-third (<em>n</em> = 106, 35.3%) reported having moderate to severe depression. Occupational factors associated with increased odds of moderate to severe depression included: reporting of any occupational injury as a rideshare driver (aOR 6.54, 95%CI: 1.76, 24.32, <em>p</em> = 0.005), or experienced sexual harassment on the job in the past 12 months (aOR 3.13, 95%CI: 1.42, 6.9, p = 0.005). Compared to those that experienced no occupational hazards, those that experienced either 1–2 (aOR = 1.42, 95%CI:0.67, 3.04, <em>p</em> = 0.36), 3–4 (aOR = 6.03, 95%CI: 2.42, 15.07, <em>p</em> = 0.0001), or 5–7 (aOR = 13.19, 95%CI: 4.13, 42.14, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) occupational hazards had higher odds of moderate to severe symptoms of depression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results of this study support the hypothesis that exposure to occupational hazards in rideshare work is adversely associated with rideshare drivers mental health. This study addresses an issue of high relevance to occupational health and public health more broadly in the context of gig work, with clear implications for prevention and improving worker conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103712"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148525996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving under the influence of stress: Organizational justice, peer commuting norms and unsafe commuting behavior","authors":"Keren Turgeman-Lupo,&nbsp;Michal Biron,&nbsp;Shay Tzafrir","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commuting-related risk represents an important challenge for transport safety and sustainable mobility. While previous research has linked work-related strain to unsafe commuting, less is known about the broader social and organizational contexts that shape when such strain translates into risky travel behavior. Drawing on the Effort-Recovery Model, organizational justice, and social influence perspectives, this study conceptualizes commuting behavior as a socially embedded form of mobility and examines how contextual cues jointly shape the association between employees' need for recovery and unsafe commuting behavior.</div><div>Data were collected from employees in a large manufacturing organization at two time points, 18 months apart. Our findings suggest that need for recovery is positively associated with unsafe commuting behavior only when perceived organizational justice is low. Furthermore, this association emerges specifically when both organizational justice is low and referent peer norms are permissive toward unsafe commuting, but disappears when norms discourage risky behavior. These findings advance traffic psychology research by demonstrating that commuting risk is not merely an individual response to strain but a contextually embedded driving behavior shaped by organizational and social influences. The study highlights the importance of considering workplaces and peer norms as influential actors within mobility systems. Practically, the results suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing organizational fairness and strengthening safe commuting norms may offer promising avenues for improving transport safety beyond individual-focused approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148525997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling driver behaviour as a continuum between defensive and neutral states","authors":"Rulla Al-Haideri,&nbsp;Karim Ismail,&nbsp;Bilal Farooq,&nbsp;Adam Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving road safety requires more than identifying collisions or near misses. It calls for understanding how drivers perceive, interpret, and adapt to risk in real time. We introduce a behavioural dimension of conflict severity: the probability a driver is in a <em>defensive</em> state in response to perceived risk, contrasted with a <em>neutral</em> state reflecting routine, goal directed driving. Using a dual state latent discrete choice model, driving is represented as a probabilistic blend of these latent modes rather than a binary safe/unsafe label. The framework is grounded in the affect–behaviour–cognition (ABC) triad in psychology. It assumes drivers interpret a dynamic spatial risk field in which proximity, motion, and relative direction guide adaptive shifts in state. The model is applied to naturalistic road user trajectories and yields interpretable state membership probabilities. The defensive state shows stronger sensitivity to spatial and temporal risk indicators. The neutral state captures context appropriate but less reactive patterns. We also propose a diagnostic to assess the quality of the estimated defensive state probabilities. Due to the duality of states, consistency in one implies reliability in the other. A multi-step validation across five driving contexts, including free flow and diverging scenarios, tests generalizability beyond the estimation sample. Results indicate behaviourally consistent and reasonably stable estimates across contexts. From a theoretical perspective, this work draws on behavioural science to inform traffic safety analysis by modelling a dimension of conflict severity that has largely remained implicit. From a practical standpoint, the continuous defensive state probability offers a richer diagnostic than binary conflict classifications, with potential applications in real time safety monitoring and infrastructure design. These findings frame probabilistic behavioural states as proactive safety indicators and offer a path to integrate perception, attention, and adaptive control into quantitative traffic safety analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103694"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148526055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an explorative e-scooter crash risk prediction model for urban road segments and intersections: a context-related approach","authors":"By Paola Longo,&nbsp;Stefano Coropulis,&nbsp;Paolo Intini,&nbsp;Nicola Introcaso,&nbsp;Vittorio Ranieri","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>E-scooters have recently emerged as a novel form of transport in the urban environment. The widespread international use of e-scooters has led to several regulatory, infrastructural and safety issues that need to be resolved. Given the relatively limited period since their implementation in several cities, there is a lack of extensive crash datasets. Moreover, e-scooter traffic, which refers to both sharing systems and private e-scooters, is often not monitored with the same intensity as ordinary traffic volume. For these reasons, the relationships between e-scooter crashes and traffic-, infrastructure-, environment-, and user-related factors are still largely unexplored in the literature. This paper describes a first attempt to develop an e-scooter crash risk prediction model based on a dataset of e-scooter crashes in the first three-year period (2021–2023) of deployment in the city of Bari (Italy). E-scooter traffic volumes based on both data from a sharing operator and direct surveys, along with ordinary traffic volumes and other geometric and operational variables collected on a large road network were used to predict the likelihood of having experienced at least one e-scooter crash in the observation period on urban road segments and intersections, based on two separate binary logit models. The role of exposure variables (traffic volume and length of road segments and combinations of e-scooter and ordinary traffic volumes for road intersections) was confirmed to be relevant for the e-scooter crash risk. Some other geometric and operational variables were found to influence e-scooter crash risk, such as median and side access (for segments) and the intersection signage type (for intersections). The presence of both bike paths and crossings was associated with an increase in the e-scooter crash risk, that however was found to be largely case-specific. Findings from this study could help drive future research and inform practitioners about planning and practical decisions regarding e-scooters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103729"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148526004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eyes on the road: A bicycle simulator study of cyclists’ gaze behavior while sharing the road with autonomous vehicles across infrastructure types","authors":"Sándor P. Ágoston,&nbsp;Attila Borsos","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integration of Autonomous Vehicles (AV) into urban traffic introduces new safety challenges for vulnerable road users, particularly cyclists. Unlike pedestrians, cyclists travel at higher speeds and frequently share lanes with motor vehicles, increasing the risk of conflict. Current research has mainly focused on driver–pedestrian interactions, leaving a gap in understanding how cyclists perceive and adapt to encounters with AVs. This study addresses this gap by analyzing cyclists’ gaze behavior across different infrastructure settings and AV traffic compositions, testing three undirected hypotheses on the effects of AV traffic penetration rate (TPR), shared- versus separated-lane infrastructure, and pavement color within separated lanes.</div><div>The experiments were conducted using an advanced bicycle simulator that replicated a 200-meter urban road segment in Győr, Hungary. Fifty participants, equipped with wearable eye-tracking glasses, cycled through 11 scenarios representing variations in cycling infrastructure and AV traffic penetration rate (TPR) levels.</div><div>The results show that infrastructure type was the dominant factor shaping gaze behavior in the tested simulator scenarios, while TPR did not produce a clear effect in this straight-road overtaking context. Statistically tested gaze metrics indicated broader visual scanning in physically separated lanes, particularly through larger saccade amplitudes, while the descriptive heatmap patterns were directionally consistent with this interpretation. By contrast, shared-lane scenarios were associated with reduced scanning spread and a narrower concentration of gaze on immediate threats. The color of the pavement (black vs. red lanes) showed only minor effects.</div><div>These findings suggest that dedicated cycling infrastructure may support broader visual search strategies than shared-lane operation in this scenario family, providing evidence to support cyclist-centered urban road design in increasingly automated traffic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103711"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148526108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving under threat: navigating emotion regulation during wartime","authors":"Orit Taubman – Ben-Ari,&nbsp;Lia Ring","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Armed conflicts expose civilians to sustained existential threats while requiring the continuation of everyday activities such as driving. Despite growing research on mobility during crises, little is known about drivers' subjective emotional and regulatory processes under direct missile threat. The current study explored Israeli civilians' experiences of driving during the 12-day Israel–Iran war beginning on June 12, 2025. A total of 247 licensed drivers were recruited using convenience and snowball sampling through social media platforms and WhatsApp groups. They completed an online survey including two open-ended questions regarding differences between routine and wartime driving and descriptions of siren events while driving. Data was analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. Findings yielded three interrelated themes: Theme 1, titled Recognizing the Emergency Situation, relates to driving in an atmosphere of heightened anxiety, tension, irritability, and existential fear despite reduced traffic volume. Theme 2, titled The Cognitive Aspect of Driving in an Emergency reflects intensified appraisal processes, including advanced route planning, constant alertness to sirens, and consideration of other drivers' emotional states. Theme 3, titled Coping with the Situation in Practice – The Behavioral Aspect of Driving in an Emergency, focuses on both adaptive adherence to official safety guidelines and emotion-driven risk behaviors such as speeding, traffic violations, and even avoidance of driving. It is evident that driving under missile threat constitutes a routine-in-motion under existential threat in which cognitive, emotional, and behavioral mechanisms operate simultaneously. The findings illustrate the applicability of the Transactional Stress and Coping Theory in the context of driving under missile threat by demonstrating how survival-oriented meaning reshapes everyday mobility behavior. Practical implications highlight the need for emergency traffic guidelines that address not only behavioral instructions but also drivers' emotional regulation under sustained armed conflict.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103717"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148526109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral choices and mental responses of young adult drivers at moving bottlenecks","authors":"Yangyang Tian,&nbsp;Chi Zhao,&nbsp;Linlin Zhang,&nbsp;Siyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moving bottlenecks, as common dynamic disturbances in road traffic systems, reduce traffic capacity and create high-mental-workload environments that elevate crash risks. Young adult drivers, who often show higher mental susceptibility and weaker impulse control, are especially vulnerable and may conduct inappropriate lane-changing maneuvers in such scenarios. Existing studies primarily focus on macroscopic traffic flow characteristics, while the interaction among personality traits, mental states and environmental risk in moving bottleneck contexts remains underexplored. To address this gap, this study conducted a driving simulator experiment, collecting behavioral and psychological data from 50 young adult drivers across passenger-car and heavy-truck moving bottleneck scenarios. A binary logit model incorporating an interaction term was developed to analyze lane-changing decisions. The results show that stable personality traits serve as baseline predictors of lane-changing tendency. Higher aggressiveness leads to a higher probability of lane changing, whereas stronger safe-driving traits lower the probability, which is consistent with literature. More importantly, this study further reveals that the link between mental state and lane changing is contingent upon moving bottleneck type, producing opposite behavioral responses in passenger-car and heavy-truck scenarios. Negative mental state raises lane-changing probability when encountering passenger-car bottlenecks, conversely, lowers this probability in heavy-truck scenarios. This context-dependent pattern suggests that the more imposing physical presence and visual occlusion of heavy trucks may correspond to a stronger tendency toward conservative car-following among young drivers. The study provides micro-level evidence for understanding context-dependent lane-changing behaviors among young drivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148526052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distraction mitigation through driver monitoring systems: a scoping review","authors":"Suzan Ayas,&nbsp;Mattea Powell,&nbsp;Birsen Donmez","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Driver monitoring systems (DMS) are increasingly recommended or required by national and regional governing bodies. We present a scoping review of DMS-based real-time interventions for distracted driving, aiming to identify relevant research trends and gaps, and to help guide intervention design and implementation. Five databases (ACM Digital Library, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, TRID, SAE Mobilus) and a reference tracking platform (Research Rabbit) were systematically searched in May 2024. Primary research assessing DMS-based distraction interventions in a driving context was included (<em>n</em> = 28). Although there is vast literature on the effects of driver distraction, countermeasures, and driver state detection algorithms, DMS-based interventions have received less attention from the research community. Warnings were evaluated the most (<em>n</em> = 23), followed by advanced driver assistance systems (<em>n</em> = 6), adaptive user interfaces (n = 2), and sociable agents (<em>n</em> = 1). Overall, interventions helped reduce the impact of distractions on driving and gaze behaviors and distraction engagement. However, some studies reported undesirable effects, like increased distraction engagement (<em>n</em> = 5), potentially due to over-trust in driving automation, DMS inaccuracy, or driver confusion. Interventions targeted mostly visual-manual (<em>n</em> = 14) and visual (n = 5) distractions based on off-road glance information, which may not capture look-but-fail-to-see events or cognitive distraction. Seven studies investigated interventions in an automated driving context, but it remains unclear whether interventions found effective for manual driving can be adapted for automated driving. We summarize research trends in a taxonomy of distraction mitigation strategies and consolidate our findings with a previous scoping review on DMS-based drowsiness interventions to inform general DMS research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103701"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148526061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden illness in real-life crashes: Drivers' pre-crash vehicle handling and signs of illness","authors":"Emma Nilsson,&nbsp;Emma Tivesten,&nbsp;Mirta Zelenika Zeba,&nbsp;Peter Lundgren,&nbsp;Johan Zelano","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2026.103716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Driver incapacitation due to sudden illness (e.g., cardiac arrest, seizures, diabetic events) poses a serious traffic safety concern. However, knowledge is limited regarding how such medical events manifest in drivers and affect their behavior. This study therefore aimed to investigate drivers' vehicle handling and signs of illness in crashes caused by sudden illness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Crashes were identified in Volvo Cars' Internal Accident Database and the Swedish Transport Administration's register. Descriptions of drivers' vehicle handling and signs of illness were compiled from pre-crash vehicle signal recordings, mail survey responses, and in-depth crash investigations. The analysis included descriptive statistics of driver and crash characteristics, as well as an exploratory analysis of pre-crash vehicle handling and signs of illness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 138 cases were included in the analysis. Most were single-vehicle crashes occurring in various traffic environments, with posted speed limits ranging from 30 to 110 km/h. The crashes were caused by a variety of medical conditions, typically resulting in loss of consciousness. A notable finding was that most drivers pressed the accelerator pedal after becoming ill and losing consciousness. Signs of illness varied: drivers' posture commonly collapsed, while some drivers remained upright with their hands on the steering wheel and eyes on the road despite being unconscious.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides new and important insights into pre-crash driver behaviors in crashes caused by sudden illness. The findings underscore the need for multiple detection methods and rapid intervention strategies to mitigate the consequences of medical incapacitation and unintended driver actions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103716"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148525999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}