Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour最新文献

{"title":"Impact of commuting on mental well-being: Using time-stamped subjective and objective data","authors":"Xuenuo Zhang,&nbsp;Liang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous studies exploring the link between daily commuting and mental well-being have primarily relied on cross-sectional designs and self-reported surveys. These methods often limit causal inference and are prone to recall bias. This study adopts a novel approach by utilizing time-stamped stress level data (objective) and experience sampling of moods (subjective) to assess the varied stress responses triggered by daily commuting. Our aim is to reexamine the effects of daily commuting on mental well-being, with a particular focus on evaluating how subjective (self-reported moods) and objective (biosignal data) measurement techniques capture these psychological and physiological responses differently. We involved 203 employees from Beijing, who wore portable smartwatches over a week. Throughout five working days, we conducted three random experience sampling surveys daily to collect real-time mood data. Initial analysis visualized the relationships between stress levels, moods, and commuting characteristics such as duration, mode, and timing. Subsequent analysis using mixed-effects models quantified the impacts of these commuting attributes on stress and mood. Our findings reveal that commute duration and mode significantly affect both mood and stress during commuting. Specifically, longer commutes are associated with poorer moods but surprisingly, lower stress levels. Regarding commuting modes, taking the bus and bicycling were found to enhance moods relative to traveling by car. Conversely, walking and cycling appeared to elevate stress levels the most, while shuttle bus use correlated with the lowest stress levels. Our study also highlights a discrepancy between physiological stress, as measured by biosignal technology, and psychological stress, as reported in surveys. This discrepancy underscores the complexities of measuring mental well-being and enriches the ongoing discussion about the intricate relationship between daily commuting and mental health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 395-412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring implications and current practices in e-scooter safety: A systematic review","authors":"Vida Mehranfar,&nbsp;Christian Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The proliferation of e-scooters in urban spaces has introduced safety concerns despite their potential to reduce traffic congestion and provide an environmentally friendly solution for short-distance trips. This study consolidates existing knowledge on e-scooter safety through a systematic literature review of 168 academic studies and grey literature, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our primary objective is to identify the key e-scooter safety concerns from existing literature, together with the strategies stakeholders use to address these concerns, and highlight areas for further research. The literature shows that e-scooter riders are commonly injured in single-vehicle incidents, with a clear association between severe injuries and violations of traffic rules such as speeding and alcohol consumption. Frequently recommended safety measures include separating e-scooters from pedestrians, instituting licensing and mandatory training, and enforcing helmet usage and zero alcohol consumption. On top of that, clear legislative definitions for e-scooters ease and improve enforcement, and setting technical requirements for e-scooter design can improve stability, handling performance, and reduce incidents.</p><p>Understanding the differences between user types and the underlying factors influencing risky behaviour is crucial for developing effective interventions. Users of shared schemes often lack knowledge of rules and have poorer riding skills, possibly due to their less frequent use. Conversely, private e-scooter owners pose enforcement challenges for speeding and prohibited riding, as these scooters lack geofencing and tracking capabilities often found in shared scheme e-scooters. Helmet non-use, where mandatory, is attributed to a lack of support from riders for increased law enforcement and a low perception of risk rather than a lack of knowledge about the laws. Similarly, illegal sidewalk riding is linked to factors of comfort and convenience rather than infrastructure preference or unawareness of illegality. Proactive measures that are user-based, time-based, and location-based require further investigation. Consistently collecting and analysing data informs region-specific safety decisions and allows policymakers to monitor safety risks over time and assess intervention effectiveness, which are largely absent in current literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 321-382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136984782400247X/pdfft?md5=754b32d6815147b36f2e0f17f5b9603a&pid=1-s2.0-S136984782400247X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fictional or Real? a review of how gamification types effect eco-driving on the road","authors":"Eetu Wallius ,&nbsp;Dicle Berfin Köse","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.08.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.08.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study reviews the research on the use of gamification in the eco-driving context. Through a systematic literature review (N=28), it analyzes the effectiveness of different gamification types (i.e., achievement, social, and fictional). Their effectiveness is investigated from a theory of affordances perspective, and gamification affordances, psychological outcomes, and behavioral outcomes are analyzed in detail in the reviewed corpus. The results show that achievement-oriented gamification is the most prominent type of gamification that has been studied and has shown largely positive results in improving energy-efficient driver behavior, such as reduced fuel consumption and acceleration. In contrast, there is little research on the effectiveness of social and fictional gamification. Additionally, there is a need for research to clarify the psychological effects of specific gamification affordances. In light of the current research, the study provides design implications as well as avenues for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 288-300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847824002432/pdfft?md5=4268f386136b0ebe76f9569f4395067f&pid=1-s2.0-S1369847824002432-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negotiating the bicycle path: A study of moped user stereotypes and behaviours in the Netherlands","authors":"Clara Glachant,&nbsp;Frauke Behrendt","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Scholars and policymakers increasingly are presenting the moped as part of a transition to more sustainable modes. However, the question remains as to where moped users should ride–as they often compete for space with other sustainable modes such as cycling or walking. This study focuses on the Netherlands, known as a cycling paradise, where mopeds share the cycling infrastructure. This has sparked controversies about spatial conflicts between moped users and cyclists, especially since the emergence of e-moped rental systems in 2017. Drawing on mobility studies and social identity theory, this paper explores the stereotypes of moped users and their behaviours to understand the spatial complexities of a shift towards more micromobility in the Netherlands. By analysing interviews with moped users and how users are discussed in the press, the paper empirically maps stereotypes of the users of different mopeds i.e. (1) fuel-based and privately owned, (2) electric and privately owned, and (3) electric and rental, and their behaviour on the bicycle path. Our study shows how debates tend to focus on the behaviours of moped users and their interactions with cyclists on shared bicycle paths while the spatial domination of automobility remains unchallenged. This paper contributes to transport behaviour research on spatial conflicts and identities in the context of the rise of micromobility − a key pillar of transitions to more sustainable mobility, alongside other changes such as fleet electrification, reduction of car use, and increased public transport uptake. Micromobilities entail what was traditionally understood as active mobility or non-motorised transport, such as cycling, but also what is now often discussed under the umbrella of MaaS or (light) electric vehicles, such as motorised two-wheelers, and also 'hybrids' such as e-bikes, fatbikes or cargo bikes. This paper exemplifies how identities, stereotypes and behaviours are relevant for understanding interactions around these modes and debates, in the quest towards low-car urban transitions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 301-320"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847824002225/pdfft?md5=771e3a8cdfcfe351bb85b3e9bc47f5cf&pid=1-s2.0-S1369847824002225-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transparent internal human-machine interfaces in highly automated shuttles to support the communication of minimal risk maneuvers to the passengers","authors":"Thorben Brandt,&nbsp;Marc Wilbrink,&nbsp;Michael Oehl","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Highly Automated Vehicles (HAVs) without operators on-board, user interaction with the vehicle automation plays an important role for a safe and inclusive use of these services. Especially when Minimal Risk Maneuvers (MRM) are performed by the system, passengers are faced with uncertain situations. A possibility to deepen passenger’s understanding and predictability of these systeḿs and reduce their uncertainties is to enhance automation transparency. However, literature shows a lack regarding enhancing system transparency of HAVs during MRMs. Therefore, we investigated the impact of “observability” and “reasoning” as transparency influencing factors. In an online study, participants evaluated multiple internal Human-Machine Interfaces (iHMI) as shuttle passengers. The presented iHMIs varied regarding their level of transparency by giving different information about what the vehicle’s “perception” and its “reasoning” is. Results show significant differences in the passengers’ understanding between different iHMI variants providing evidence that information regarding the “perception” and “reasoning” of HAVs enhance system transparency. Results of the study may provide first insights into passengers’ informational needs when using HAV. They highlight the potential benefits of system transparency when designing interfaces for HMIs of automated vehicles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 275-287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847824002559/pdfft?md5=65aa6ab287c61b7c02692a084d6125cc&pid=1-s2.0-S1369847824002559-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the potential of a battery swapping method at refuel stations for electric vehicle: A case study of INDIA","authors":"Manivel Murugan ,&nbsp;Sankaran Marisamynathan","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electric vehicles (EVs) are introduced to mitigate environmental problems and develop sustainable modes of transport across the globe. Researchers often report that the non-availability of charging infrastructure is the primary concern for EV adoption. The traditional plug-in EV charging method has a higher waiting time, discouraging users from adopting EVs. Many countries, including India, are promoting an alternative battery swapping method (BSM) for EV charging to reduce the waiting time. But the user preference and willingness to adopt BSM remain unexplored, especially in developing countries. The existing refuel stations are a potential location for developing charging infrastructure that provides the EV charging service and helps create awareness among users because of their wide visibility. Thus, this study aims to bridge the research gap by exploring the influential factors, user preferences, and willingness to use the BSM at refuel stations. For this purpose, 1013 samples were collected from road users who visited 51 refueling stations using the random sampling method in the twin cities of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar. An integrated partial least squares-structural equation modelling with the artificial neural network method was adopted in this study. The study’s findings reveal that the development of public EV charging facilities at refuel stations significantly impacts the user’s willingness to shift to EVs. The convenience and cost-related motivating factors like a lesser waiting time compared to the plug-in charging method, reduced range anxiety, no concern about battery usage, reduced initial purchase cost of an EV, and comparatively lower maintenance costs significantly motivates user’s willingness to adopt BSM. Similarly, battery-related demotivating factors like the non-reliable range of the swapped battery, non-standard battery design in terms of type, size, capacity, and brand across the country, additional cost for leasing or renting the battery, and chances that EV batteries might be replaced with fake batteries concern BSM adoption.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 254-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142169491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of driver distractions in Cyprus: An observational study","authors":"Mark J.M. Sullman ,&nbsp;Timo J. Lajunen ,&nbsp;Ciaran Harte","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.08.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.08.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Driver distractions are a significant contributor to road accidents and fatalities worldwide. The present research investigated the prevalence of observable driver distractions on both sides of Nicosia, as well as exploring the effect of drivers’ characteristics and time-related variables on their prevalence.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Roadside observations were conducted at eight randomly selected locations in the city of Nicosia, Cyprus. Four of these sites were located in the area of Nicosia controlled by the Republic of Cyprus, and the other four were in the area that is referred to as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) by its administration.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 16,070 drivers were observed, with 8,948 being in the Republic of Cyprus (South) and 7,122 in the Turkish-controlled section of Nicosia (North). A slightly higher proportion of drivers were observed driving distracted in the South (28.0%) than was found in the northern part of the city (25.7%). The most commonly observed secondary tasks in the South were using headphones (9.2%), talking to a passenger (8.1%) and using a mobile 0.4%, 3.7% talking and 2.7% texting). In contrast, the most commonly observed secondary tasks in the North were talking to passengers (10.2%), wearing headphones (8.4%) and using a mobile 0.6% for talking and 2.5% for texting). Gender-related differences were found for a number of different distractions (i.e., talking to passengers, drinking, and handheld mobile phone conversations), and age emerged as a significant predictor for most secondary tasks, including talking to passengers, smoking, hands-free mobile phone use, handheld mobile phone use, texting/keying numbers, drinking and engagement in any type of distraction (all distractions combined). The overall pattern for age was that middle-aged and older drivers were less likely to be distracted than younger drivers.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A relatively high proportion of drivers on both sides of Nicosia were engaged in a secondary task while driving. These findings clearly indicate that younger drivers are more likely to drive distracted, which probably contributes to their higher crash rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 224-237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369847824002420/pdfft?md5=3d50d3f686dcae38cdbdf49ea86ad2d5&pid=1-s2.0-S1369847824002420-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easy listening or driving distraction? The relationship between audiobook complexity level and driving performance on simple routes","authors":"Jessica M. Kespe,&nbsp;Lana M. Trick","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drivers engage in a variety of secondary activities while driving. Research suggests that many secondary tasks interfere with driving, making performance worse as compared to single-task driving, but a recent study suggests that in simple environments (low scenery and traffic) listening to an audiobook may actually benefit driving performance. Nonetheless, these effects may vary based on both the textual complexity of the audiobook and the working memory capacity of the driver. In this study, we used a driving simulator to compare single-task driving with that when the driver was listening to an audiobook (dual-task). We manipulated the complexity of the audiobook as measured by Lexile scores (a standard index of text difficulty). Licensed drivers did two 30-minute drives on simple roads, alternating between driving while listening to an audiobook (dual-task) or single-task driving. Drivers did one drive with the simple and the other with the complex audiobook (order counterbalanced). Listening to the simple audiobook improved driving performance as compared to single-task driving: braking response times to hazards were lower, as were steering and headway variability. Conversely, listening to the complex audiobook interfered with driving; braking times to hazards and steering variability were higher when drivers were listening to the audiobook than for single-task driving. Individual differences in working memory capacity as measured by the <em>OSPAN</em> (Operation Span) predicted how much listening to an audiobook benefitted performance, with the highest <em>OSPAN</em> scorers benefitting most, though these <em>OSPAN</em>-related differential benefits were restricted to reduced hazard response times while listening to the simple audiobook.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 238-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating pedestrians’ red light running intentions at urban intersections in different traffic Environments: A scenario-based analysis guided by theoretical frameworks","authors":"Zeinab Karami ,&nbsp;Sina Rejali ,&nbsp;Kayvan Aghabayk","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pedestrian risky behaviors are one of the contributing factors to crashes involving pedestrians. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the mechanisms by which pedestrians interact with many influential components in the traffic environment. This study aimed to evaluate pedestrians’ red light running intentions and related factors under different traffic flow scenarios, including straight traffic flow, right-turning traffic flow, and left-turning traffic flow. A theoretical approach based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the prototype willingness model (PWM) was employed. Data were collected from an online survey of 2250 participants in Tehran, Iran. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify the significant factors that explain intentions. All models successfully explained the behavioral intention for red light running violation; however, the findings revealed that the integrated model was the best-performing model to represent violation and, thus, was selected for interpreting the results and drawing relevant conclusions. Different traffic flow scenarios had varied effects on violation intentions for individual characteristics and model constructs. Previous crash experiences and driving-related background variables emerged to impact pedestrian violation intention across three scenarios. The findings also suggested that the rational constructs (attitude, perceived behavioral control, and facilitating conditions) had a more robust impact on violation intention compared to reactive constructs (prototype similarity, prototype favorability), with facilitating conditions being the strongest predictor of the model, followed by attitudes toward violation as a significant predictor of intention for red light violation. According to the results, the mechanism of risk-taking varies depending on the direction of the traffic flow. Higher risk was associated with the violation at the intersections with straight traffic flow compared to the intersections with turning traffic flow. Based on the findings of this study, several implications, including interventions focusing on individuals’ transportation safety attitudes, countermeasures to increase the risk perception of pedestrians toward turning vehicles, and countermeasures regarding the use of mobile phones while walking for the context of this study were proposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 196-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142161512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing the perception of safety for pedestrians and cyclists through interactions with automated vehicles in shared spaces","authors":"Sarah Brill ,&nbsp;Ashim Kumar Debnath ,&nbsp;William Payre ,&nbsp;Ben Horan ,&nbsp;Stewart Birrell","doi":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.08.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.trf.2024.08.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research has demonstrated the benefits of external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) in increasing vulnerable road users’ (VRU) feeling of safety in interactions with automated vehicles (AVs). However, two key gaps exist in the literature. First, existing studies examined AV-VRU communication aspects in the context of conventional roads with traffic controls, but not for shared spaces where VRU-AV interaction is reliant on communication between the two parties. Second, limited knowledge is available on the differences between cyclists and pedestrians when interacting with AV. This paper aims to address these gaps through an online questionnaire among 254 cyclists and pedestrians in Australia and the UK. Perceived safety was measured in terms of willingness to cross in front of an AV, feeling of security, and feeling of relaxation. Results from a three-stage least square regression analysis identified differences in the factors for pedestrians and cyclists. Pedestrians that were male, over the age of 35, not regular cyclists, or residents of the UK reported lower feelings of safety, relaxation, and willingness to cross than their counterparts. Similar results were found cyclists who are older than 45 years, and UK residents compared to other cyclist participants. Both pedestrians and cyclists reported more willingness to cross and higher feelings of security and relaxation when an eHMI was present. These findings indicate that for effective use and understanding of eHMIs targeted interventions are needed to address the specific concerns of different demographic groups, as identified in this research. By increasing public understanding and acceptance of AVs – as well as eHMIs – across all demographic groups, researchers can promote a smooth integration of these technologies into shared spaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48355,"journal":{"name":"Transportation Research Part F-Traffic Psychology and Behaviour","volume":"107 ","pages":"Pages 181-195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}