Cognitive Science最新文献_第3页

When Others Agree More Closely: Judgment Similarity Influences Conformity 当其他人更接近：判断相似影响一致性

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-31 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70252

Haokui Xu, Xingyuan Zhang, Jiaqi Wu, Jun Yin

{"title":"When Others Agree More Closely: Judgment Similarity Influences Conformity","authors":"Haokui Xu, Xingyuan Zhang, Jiaqi Wu, Jun Yin","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70252","url":null,"abstract":"Conformity is strongly shaped by perceived consensus, yet prior research has predominantly examined this process in discrete-choice contexts, where consensus is typically operationalized as the size of a uniform majority. In continuous real-world environments, however, social judgments naturally vary, making judgment similarity a potentially important cue for consensus. The present study investigated whether similarity among others’ judgments modulates conformity. Across two perceptual estimation experiments, participants first estimated the location of a briefly presented target and then revised their estimates after viewing two partners’ responses. In Experiment 1, in which partner responses were attributed to humans, participants showed greater conformity when partners’ estimates were highly similar. Computational modeling formalized this process within a Bayesian belief-updating framework, suggesting that judgment similarity increased the evidential weight assigned to social information. In Experiment 2, this similarity-dependent effect was attenuated when the same response structure was explicitly attributed to computer programs rather than human agents. These findings indicate that conformity in continuous judgment spaces cannot be fully explained by a domain-general statistical heuristic or passive imitation alone. Instead, individuals appear to evaluate both the content of social evidence and the attributed properties of its source, using judgment similarity as a cue for integrating information from others.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Chunking Ability Unitary Across Levels of Linguistic Representation? 组块能力在语言表征的各个层次上是统一的吗？

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70249

Cristian Rivera, Morten H. Christiansen

{"title":"Is Chunking Ability Unitary Across Levels of Linguistic Representation?","authors":"Cristian Rivera, Morten H. Christiansen","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70249","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70249","url":null,"abstract":"Much like with statistical learning, there is a tendency in the cognitive and language science literature to treat chunking as a unitary, domain-general ability that operates fairly similarly across domains of cognition. An alternative position suggests chunking in language and cognition involves multiple mechanisms tuned to the specific perceptual properties and statistical regularities of the target structures of learning. To test these hypotheses, we compared performance on two different forms of chunking in English: (1) multiword chunking as assessed by a recall task involving multiple high- and low-frequency three-word sequences, and (2) clausal chunking in which participants intuitively insert chunk boundaries on a touchscreen tablet while listening to speech extracts and viewing the corresponding transcripts. Results indicated no correlations between multiword chunking and clausal chunking, providing initial support for the notion that chunking processes may likely not operate equally across or even within the same cognitive domain, casting doubt on a unitary view of chunking. Despite limitations in the tasks used to assess chunking, they nonetheless provide a useful starting point for future studies looking into the nature of chunking across different levels of linguistic representation.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Training Collaborators for Effective Division of Labor 培训合作者，实现有效分工。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70247

Fangze Tian, Samuel J. Gershman, Yang Xiang

{"title":"Training Collaborators for Effective Division of Labor","authors":"Fangze Tian,  Samuel J. Gershman,  Yang Xiang","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70247","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70247","url":null,"abstract":"By dividing labor, collaboration brings together the complementary strengths of individuals. Yet, division of labor benefits collaboration not only by assigning people to tasks that match their competences, but by allowing them to improve “on-the-job” through training and practice. Thus, optimal division of labor requires anticipating how each individual will develop and what roles they will eventually be best suited for. Existing research on collaboration, however, rarely considers this prospective dimension. To address this gap, we studied how humans make training decisions, while manipulating the long-term consequences of those decisions. Across three experiments (<math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$N =$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 600), participants trained two military defense teams to counter two types of attacks (land and air), where the long-term goals and the teams' relative competences varied. Participants made a sequence of training decisions before assigning teams to roles in the final battle. Overall, participants divided labor and trained collaborators by considering how each team's competence would develop, and whether they would eventually meet task demands. These patterns were best captured by a Planning model that trained collaborators based on the expected outcome at the time of deployment. The Planning model outperformed several heuristic alternatives that optimized training based on current competence, learning potential, fairness, or versatility. Together, these findings provide a first step toward understanding how training unlocks one of the central benefits of dividing labor—complementary competences. People do not simply match existing competences to tasks; rather, they actively cultivate individual competences to support future specialization.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scaffolding Early Dialogue: A Unified Account of Response Contingency in Child–Caregiver Interaction 脚手架式早期对话：儿童-照顾者互动中反应偶然性的统一解释。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-26 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70245

Abhishek Agrawal, Benoît Favre, Abdellah Fourtassi

{"title":"Scaffolding Early Dialogue: A Unified Account of Response Contingency in Child–Caregiver Interaction","authors":"Abhishek Agrawal, Benoît Favre, Abdellah Fourtassi","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70245","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70245","url":null,"abstract":"Early verbal dialogue emerges during the second year of life, despite children's still-developing linguistic, pragmatic, and cognitive abilities. This raises a puzzle: how can young children produce contingent responses under the real-time demands of turn-taking? In this study, we articulate a unified scaffolding account and test whether three caregiver-side mechanisms help explain this early emergence: lexical specificity in initiating utterances, interactive routines that constrain next-intent selection, and short caregiver realizations that can serve as models for children's own intent expression. Using recently developed automatic annotation tools for communicative intents and response contingency, we investigated this question in large-scale naturalistic corpora of child–caregiver dialogue, spanning 40 corpora and involving more than 600 children across more than 2500 transcripts. Across corpora, each mechanism was associated with higher child contingency, and all three remained predictive in a joint model controlling for age, child utterance length, and frequency-based factors. These findings are consistent with the view that early dialogue participation is supported not only by children's emerging capacities, but also by caregivers' structuring of interaction in ways that reduce processing demands at multiple steps of response formation. More broadly, the results provide quantitative support for a scaffolding-based account of early dialogue emergence and help connect developmental evidence to broader theories of real-time communication.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148594087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Condorcet and Beyond: An Empirical Comparison of Voting Rules 孔多塞与超越：投票规则的实证比较。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70242

Igor Douven, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, Patrick Stinson, Josh Ying

{"title":"Condorcet and Beyond: An Empirical Comparison of Voting Rules","authors":"Igor Douven, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, Patrick Stinson, Josh Ying","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70242","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70242","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the performance of different voting and probability aggregation methods using a dataset of 451,200 probability judgments from 376 participants on 1200 general knowledge claims. We investigate the Condorcet Jury Hypothesis, according to which majority voting tends to yield outcomes more accurate than the average individual. Furthermore, incorporating Locke's Thesis to translate probabilistic judgments into categorical beliefs, we compare six aggregation methods: majority, strict majority, unanimity, strict unanimity, probability averaging, and log-odds averaging. Our analysis reveals clear accuracy–decisiveness trade-offs for all methods. Majority voting achieves high decisiveness but moderate accuracy; unanimity rules can produce high accuracy when decisive, but, especially in their strict form, do so at the cost of frequent indecisiveness. Probability aggregation methods often do best in balancing accuracy and decisiveness. Among our main findings is that strict majority voting, a cornerstone of many democratic institutions, is often outperformed on both accuracy and decisiveness simultaneously by other methods. We also find that judgment diversity contributes to group accuracy: groups whose members give less correlated probability judgments tend to achieve higher accuracy.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13399191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148585798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Goal Bias Emerges During Motion Event Perception and Affects Language Production and Memory 目标偏差在运动事件感知过程中产生并影响语言的产生和记忆。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-19 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70246

Yiran Chen, Anna Papafragou, John Trueswell

{"title":"The Goal Bias Emerges During Motion Event Perception and Affects Language Production and Memory","authors":"Yiran Chen, Anna Papafragou, John Trueswell","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70246","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70246","url":null,"abstract":"There is an asymmetry between the origin (Source; move from X…) and end-point (Goal; …to Y) of motion events in both language and memory: Goals are mentioned more often and remembered more accurately than Sources. Here, we pursue the hypothesis that this Goal bias emerges as an online attentional bias that occurs during event apprehension and itself connects to event memory and linguistic measures. We record participants’ eye movements as they view or prepare to describe motion events and later test their memory of Goals or Sources. We find an online attentional bias for Goals over Sources during initial encoding of events. This bias is stronger during free inspection compared to speech planning. Moreover, the extent of the attentional Goal bias is systematically related to both language production and memory: When the bias is the greatest, the Source is not later mentioned during production and/or not remembered later at test. In sum, we provide the first evidence that the Goal bias appears during visual encoding of motion events and identify a direct relation between event apprehension and later event description and memory.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Quantitative Dimension of Kind Concepts 类概念的数量维度。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-14 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70244

Theo Fenton, Sandeep Prasada

引用次数: 0

Referential Adaptation in the Face of Changing Input Frequencies: The System Wants to Return to Baseline 面对输入频率变化的参考自适应：系统想要回归基线。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-11 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70234

James R. Kesan, Jennifer E. Arnold

{"title":"Referential Adaptation in the Face of Changing Input Frequencies: The System Wants to Return to Baseline","authors":"James R. Kesan, Jennifer E. Arnold","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70234","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70234","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence shows that adults adapt to patterns found in their language environment both at the syntactic level and referential level. However, little is known about how adaptation shifts in response to changes in the input, and existing theories make conflicting predictions. In two experiments, we examine referential adaptation with a between-subjects blocked priming paradigm to test whether participants adapt flexibly if multiple referential patterns are present in the language input. The study exposed subjects to two blocks of exposure stimuli, each featuring a distinct referential pattern. Ambiguous critical sentences were interleaved throughout, in order to measure the effect of exposure to each reference remention pattern. Experiment 1 used a written paradigm, and Experiment 2 used an audio paradigm. Across experiments, we found that subjects were able to adapt flexibly to both referential patterns. However, this effect was limited: participants adapted to the second exposure condition only when they encountered a low-frequency referential pattern first. These results suggest that participants are especially sensitive to the exposure they receive at the start of a new situation, and subsequent adjustments depend on whether the new pattern is consistent with lifetime processing biases. Our findings have implications for theories of implicit learning and adaptation.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Event Segmentation in Language and Cognition 语言与认知中的事件分割。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70238

Sarah Hye-Yeon Lee, Ercenur Ünal, Anna Papafragou

引用次数: 0

Mapping Concepts Onto Linguistic Structure: The Case of Animacy 将概念映射到语言结构：以动画为例。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70233

Kumiko Fukumura

{"title":"Mapping Concepts Onto Linguistic Structure: The Case of Animacy","authors":"Kumiko Fukumura","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70233","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70233","url":null,"abstract":"A central question in cognitive science is how speakers map meaning onto syntactic structure. Recent research examining the active−passive alternation suggests that conceptual features such as animacy influence sentence structure indirectly by influencing how relational meanings such as thematic roles map onto sentences. The current study examined whether animacy directly influences linear order priming in coordinated noun phrases, which lack thematic roles. In a picture-description task, Experiment 1 showed that the linear order of noun coordinates (e.g., A thief and a lorry vs. A lorry and a thief) could be primed based on animacy order (animate-first vs. inanimate-first) and/or spatial naming order (left-to-right vs. right-to-left). Experiment 2 provided evidence for direct mapping: the prime's animacy order, but not its spatial naming order, was more likely to persist when either the animate or inanimate noun was repeated from prime to target. This contrasts with findings from the active−passive alternation, showing that only verb, not noun, repetition enhances structural persistence. These findings reveal distinct pathways through which feature-based and relational meanings are mapped onto linguistic structure during language production.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0