Cognitive Science最新文献_第4页

A Journey Into a Traveler's Mental Map: Duration, Distance, and Speed Experienced in High-Speed Trains 旅行者的心理地图之旅：在高速列车上经历的时间、距离和速度。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70236

Yvan Nédélec, Raphaël Bordas, Diane Sam-Mine, Marianna Lamprou Kokolaki, Blandine Beirnaert, William Vallet, Simon Lhuillier, Elise Grison, Guillaume Lemaitre, Simone Morgagni, Valérie Gyselinck, Virginie van Wassenhove

{"title":"A Journey Into a Traveler's Mental Map: Duration, Distance, and Speed Experienced in High-Speed Trains","authors":"Yvan Nédélec, Raphaël Bordas, Diane Sam-Mine, Marianna Lamprou Kokolaki, Blandine Beirnaert, William Vallet, Simon Lhuillier, Elise Grison, Guillaume Lemaitre, Simone Morgagni, Valérie Gyselinck, Virginie van Wassenhove","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70236","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70236","url":null,"abstract":"Our study investigates how high-speed transport affects humans’ perception of time, space, and speed. We tested 247 passengers traveling on the French Paris-Lyon high-speed train (TGV) who estimated the traveled distance, elapsed duration, and instantaneous and average speeds, while rating their confidence, felt speed of time passage, and emotional state. Environmental variables in this In Situ design included seating orientation (forward or backward) and train acceleration (positive, null [constant high-speed], or negative [deceleration]). Our findings show that participants’ magnitude (duration, distance) estimations scaled with magnitudes. Estimations also exhibited typical features such as central tendency, which interestingly scaled to the midpoint of the journey (∼69 min) rather than the expected ∼15 min. Surprisingly, we found no influence of emotions or felt speed of time passage on magnitude and speed estimates. Instead, participants’ prior knowledge of the journey's total duration and distance better explained their magnitude estimations than their on-the-fly speed estimates. Seating orientation did not significantly affect estimations, whereas acceleration partly did. Participants demonstrated reliable metacognitive ratings of their duration and instantaneous speed estimates, but not of their distance and average speed estimates. Altogether, our results show that in passive high-speed transport, passengers may rely on cognitive heuristics (mental maps) rather than sensorimotor integration (path integration) to estimate magnitudes. We discuss the implications of our work for understanding mental representations of magnitudes and speed in real-life situations.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70236","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cross-Cultural Variation in the Noun Bias in Early Vocabulary Development: A Systematic Review 名词偏见在早期词汇发展中的跨文化差异：系统回顾。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70241

Yiqun Zhang, Subin Kim, Marisa Casillas

{"title":"Cross-Cultural Variation in the Noun Bias in Early Vocabulary Development: A Systematic Review","authors":"Yiqun Zhang, Subin Kim, Marisa Casillas","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70241","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70241","url":null,"abstract":"Children's early vocabularies have been observed to be predominated by nouns, particularly concrete and animate nouns. This phenomenon, known as the “noun bias,” is argued to reflect a universal conceptual advantage for concrete objects in early word learning, because such referents are perceived as bounded, individualized concepts that are ready to be mapped onto linguistic labels. The noun bias has been observed across a wide range of languages using multiple methodological approaches, establishing it as a robust feature of early lexical development. However, the magnitude and consistency of the noun bias have also been observed to vary across linguistic and cultural contexts, motivating further investigation of the factors that shape this phenomenon. The present study systematically reviews and quantitatively analyzes evidence from 68 published and unpublished papers spanning 28 languages over five decades (1973–2025) to examine how the noun bias is shaped by linguistic and other properties. The review suggests general evidence supporting a noun bias. However, research methodology and noun morphology emerge as significant predictors of variation in the observed noun bias magnitude. In addition, the presence of specific linguistic attributes—noun plural marking and verb past tense marking—explains variation in the observed noun bias outcomes from the 68 papers reviewed. This comprehensive view of the literature sheds light on limitations and inconsistencies in the literature that should be remedied in future work to further advance theoretical accounts of the noun bias.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What's in a Color?: Language, Synesthesia, and Categorical Perception 什么是颜色？：语言、联觉和范畴知觉

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70239

Hunter Gentry

{"title":"What's in a Color?: Language, Synesthesia, and Categorical Perception","authors":"Hunter Gentry","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70239","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on synesthesia have revealed some advantages on discrimination, categorization, and identification tasks. There have also been studies on language's ability to boost performance on these same tasks. Are these two effects related? In this paper, I argue that a plausible explanation of language's ability to boost performance on such tasks can be extended to synesthesia. In particular, I argue that category labels can reveal trends in perceptual data that allow for representational space to be dimensionally reduced. The transformation of representational space makes representations more categorical, facilitating lexical access and ultimately boosting performance in categorization, identification, and discrimination tasks. This account can be extended to explain how synesthetic color associations boost performance. Synesthetic colors also reveal trends in perceptual data that allow for dimensional transformation. The upshots of such a hypothesis are several. For one, it helps explain synesthesia's cognitive advantages. I supply experimental designs to test predictions made by the account. Second, and more broadly, this account extends cases of nonlinguistic categorical effects on representations. I close with a discussion of some implications for the debate over language and thought.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pronoun Resolution in Turkish: The Interplay of Referential Form, Word Order, and Implicit Causality 土耳其语代词消解：指称形式、语序和隐含因果关系的相互作用

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-06-27 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70235

Duygu Sarısoy, Ebru Evcen, Joshua Hartshorne

{"title":"Pronoun Resolution in Turkish: The Interplay of Referential Form, Word Order, and Implicit Causality","authors":"Duygu Sarısoy, Ebru Evcen, Joshua Hartshorne","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70235","url":null,"abstract":"Pronouns are a ubiquitous part of discourse, but unusual in that their meaning is almost entirely determined by context. While early theorists hoped to explain pronouns based on a small number of simple principles, the last half-century of research has revealed a cornucopia of influences at the syntactic, semantic, discourse, and pragmatic levels. While there are currently a few popular theories, evaluating them is complicated by the complexity of the empirical situation, which is compounded by the fact that many popular experimental methods are incommensurate and are uninterpretable under one theory or another. Moreover, with a few notable examples, research has focused on English, and so the generalizability of results is uncertain. Here, we take a step toward a clear empirical foundation for theory, with a tightly controlled study of comprehension of overt and null pronouns in Turkish. We show that pronoun resolution in Turkish is influenced by verb type, word order, and referential form, though not always in ways predicted by existing theories. Our findings highlight the need for further cross-linguistic research and more careful experimental control in order to refine models of pronoun interpretation and better account for the interaction of syntactic and discourse factors.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70235","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intermediary Object States Are Activated by Sentences Describing Completed Events 中间对象状态由描述已完成事件的句子激活

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70237

Emma Wing, Gerry T. M. Altmann

{"title":"Intermediary Object States Are Activated by Sentences Describing Completed Events","authors":"Emma Wing, Gerry T. M. Altmann","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70237","url":null,"abstract":"Processing state change verb phrases (e.g., fill the cookie jar) during language comprehension appears to require the activation of representations encoding both the initial (an empty jar) and resultant states (a filled jar) of event participants. Given that the transitions between these states can generally be inferred (on the basis of experiential semantic knowledge), these boundary states may be the only states of event participants that are activated during sentence processing or at event boundaries. However, simulation-based accounts of representation and linguistic analyses of state change predicates suggest that, in addition to initial and resultant object states, intermediary object states should also be activated during sentence comprehension. To compare these two alternatives, we investigated the activation of initial, intermediary, and end object states by sentences describing completed events (e.g., Jasmine filled/has filled the cookie jar). Our results suggest that perceptual features associated with objects at intermediary points in an event are indeed activated and maintained in memory through at least the end of the event description. These findings support an account in which representations of the entire event sequence—not just the boundaries—are activated during language processing.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reasoning Beyond Explicit Rules: Adults’ and Children's Use of Closure Principles in Novel Cases 超越明确规则的推理：成人和儿童在新案例中对封闭原则的使用

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70240

Jessa Stegall, John Mikhail, Shaun Nichols, Tamar Kushnir

{"title":"Reasoning Beyond Explicit Rules: Adults’ and Children's Use of Closure Principles in Novel Cases","authors":"Jessa Stegall, John Mikhail, Shaun Nichols, Tamar Kushnir","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70240","url":null,"abstract":"Learners often encounter situations where explicit rules fail to account for novel cases, leading to an underdetermination problem. One way to explore how learners navigate this uncertainty is to see if their inferences align with closure principles, through which a learner assumes that anything not explicitly prohibited is permitted, and anything not explicitly permitted is prohibited. Beyond permission and prohibition, normative inferences must also be made from and about a learner's obligations—not only what they can do, but what they must do. Contrary to adult learners, young children may make more restrictive inferences about how permissible or obligatory a novel action is, aligning with their well-documented “strict normativity”. Across two studies, we explore inferences from adults (N = 115, Mage = 34.63) and 4- to 6-year-old children (N = 120, Mage = 5.48). Our findings suggest that while both adults and children rationally learn closure principles consistent with deontic logic, children's reasoning about prohibitions undergoes developmental changes. Contrary to adults, children taught explicit prohibitions were restrictive in their permissibility judgments until age 5. Thus, the framing of explicit rules leads to differing inferences about novel, unspecified cases across age and rule type.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Large Language Models Estimate Fine-Grained Human Color–Concept Associations 大型语言模型估计细粒度的人类颜色概念关联。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-06-22 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70219

Kushin Mukherjee, Ankit Mohapatra, Timothy T. Rogers, Karen B. Schloss

{"title":"Large Language Models Estimate Fine-Grained Human Color–Concept Associations","authors":"Kushin Mukherjee, Ankit Mohapatra, Timothy T. Rogers, Karen B. Schloss","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70219","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70219","url":null,"abstract":"People reliably associate the meanings of both abstract and concrete words with colors distributed over color space, a phenomenon that influences aspects of visual cognition ranging from object recognition to interpreting information visualizations. Prior research has hypothesized that color–concept associations arise from the cross-modal statistical structure of experience, but it remains unclear whether natural environments contain such structure or whether learning systems can discover it without strong prior constraints. To address these questions, we investigated whether GPT-4, a multimodal large language model, can estimate color–concept association ratings that approximate those made by people. We tested 71 colors spanning perceptual color space and a variety of concepts varying in abstractness. GPT-4 ratings correlated strongly with human ratings across a range of prompting strategies, outperforming prior state-of-the-art methods for automatically estimating color–concept associations from images. In an empirical study assessing people's ability to interpret the meanings of colors in information visualizations, palettes generated from GPT-4's rating data were not only interpretable but, in some cases, more effective than those based on human ratings. Taken together, our results suggest that high-order covariance between language and perception, present in web-scale data, provide sufficient information to learn color–concept associations without initial constraints, and that machine-derived associations can support the optimization of information visualizations for visual communication.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148303606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational Models of Causal Reasoning: Bayesian Accounts of Normative Violations 因果推理的计算模型：规范违反的贝叶斯解释。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70231

Bob Rehder, Nicolás Marchant, Sergio E. Chaigneau

{"title":"Computational Models of Causal Reasoning: Bayesian Accounts of Normative Violations","authors":"Bob Rehder, Nicolás Marchant, Sergio E. Chaigneau","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70231","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70231","url":null,"abstract":"Human causal judgments frequently deviate from normative Bayesian expectations, particularly with respect to conditional independence and explaining away. Rather than interpreting these deviations as reasoning errors, recent computational accounts suggest they may emerge from principled approximations to ideal Bayesian inference. We evaluate four leading frameworks: Bayesian sampler (BS), mutation sampler (MS), Bayesian mutation sampler (BMS), and Bayesian uncertainty model (BUM), which each formalize different cognitive constraints, including limited sampling, prototype anchoring, prior regularization, and uncertainty over causal structure. These models were systematically compared across 33 reported experimental conditions (N = 1154) spanning diverse causal structures, including common cause, common effect, and chain networks with generative and inhibitory relations. All four models had at least some success reproducing the positive and negative Markov violations observed in common cause and chain structures. In common effect structures with inhibitory or mixed links, only MS and BMS captured the observed patterns more consistently, although BMS's additional parameter offered limited improvement over MS. BS and BUM showed poorer fits in those conditions, though they may still offer plausible accounts under different assumptions. We discuss these findings in light of prior work on causal reasoning, emphasizing that deviations from normative inference may reflect adaptive strategies shaped by structural uncertainty and cognitive constraints. This supports a pluralistic and resource-rational view of causal reasoning and underscores the need for targeted experiments probing inhibitory causal relations and model uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

More Evidence for Perceptual Access Reasoning Theory: Reply to Schidelko and Rakoczy (2025) 知觉获取推理理论的更多证据：回复Schidelko和Rakoczy（2025）。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70232

William V. Fabricius

引用次数: 0

The Robustness of Anchoring in a Naturalistic VR-Based Task 基于自然虚拟现实任务的锚定鲁棒性研究。

IF 2.5 2区心理学

Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70229

Jinjin Wu, George Farmer, Olivia Pready-James, Paul A. Warren

{"title":"The Robustness of Anchoring in a Naturalistic VR-Based Task","authors":"Jinjin Wu, George Farmer, Olivia Pready-James, Paul A. Warren","doi":"10.1111/cogs.70229","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cogs.70229","url":null,"abstract":"Anchoring occurs when a quantitative estimate is biased toward an initially presented value (the anchor). Anchoring occurs both in high-level explicit estimation of numeric quantities and in lower-level perceptual tasks and persists even when reliable information about the quantity being estimated is directly available at the point of judgment. This suggests anchoring might derive from generic processing underpinning estimation. Such tasks, however, are almost exclusively lab-based, and the information required to complete the task is rarely available to the participant in a way that reflects how such information is sampled in real-life. To address this, across two experiments, we immersed participants in a virtual world on a platform that could be placed at any height. After an anchor was presented, participants subsequently estimated their height naturally, by interpreting sensory and cognitive cues from the 3D environment in which they were immersed. We manipulated the amount of information directly available to the participant for making their judgment as well as the offset between the anchor and the actual height. To modulate the extent to which task-relevant information was acquired naturally from the environment, we also contrasted anchoring effects in and out of VR. Although participants clearly used the available perceptual and cognitive information to make height estimates, anchoring effects were evident, displayed similar properties to those reported in previous lab-based studies, and were consistent both in and out of VR. Our design also allowed us to recover a novel subjective anchoring measure that facilitated a particularly parsimonious descriptive model of our anchoring data. We conclude that anchoring is a generic feature of all estimation tasks, even when task-relevant information is acquired naturally, as in real-life estimation. These results emphasize the potential for this cognitive bias to have a significant impact on performance in any real-world task requiring quantitative estimation.","PeriodicalId":48349,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Science","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cogs.70229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0