Social Science Research最新文献_第5页

Inequality and the eroding base of liberal democracy 不平等与自由民主基础的削弱

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103087

Sang Kyung Lee

{"title":"Inequality and the eroding base of liberal democracy","authors":"Sang Kyung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies broadly agree that economic inequality is negatively associated with popular support for democracy. This paper tackles this belief, testing it with more informative hypotheses. Capturing the insight from the theories of democratic attitudes and learning, this paper posits that increasing inequality would have differential effects on citizens’ normative support for democracy and their authoritarian inclination, and that those effects would also differ across the democratic regimes. Analyzing World Values Survey data covering 41 democracies over up to 25 years (1995–2020), this paper finds very little evidence for the association between inequality and normative support for democracy, whereas unearthing strong evidence for a varying effect of inequality on authoritarian inclination across the democratic regimes. It turns out where inequality is more severe, citizens in liberal democracies are more attracted to authoritarian leaders, whereas those in electoral democracies are less so. My findings refine the predominant thesis on the negative relationship between inequality and democratic support, detecting the complexities underlying it. My findings also shed new light on the theory of democratic learning and socialization by revealing the potential role of democratic regimes that remained unexplored in prior study. Lastly, this study provides a concrete explanation for how authoritarian leaders could win growing popular support in recent years where liberal democracy had most flourished.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 employment shocks and safety net expansion: Health effects on displaced workers COVID-19 就业冲击和安全网扩张：对流离失所工人的健康影响

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103059

Daniel Schneider , Kristen Harknett , Annette Gailliot

{"title":"COVID-19 employment shocks and safety net expansion: Health effects on displaced workers","authors":"Daniel Schneider , Kristen Harknett , Annette Gailliot","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>COVID-19 precipitated sharp job losses, concentrated in the service sector. Prior research suggests that such shocks would negatively affect health and wellbeing. However, the nature of the pandemic crisis was distinct in ways that may have mitigated any such negative effects, and historic expansions in unemployment insurance (UI) may have buffered workers from negative health consequences. We draw on employer-employee linked cross-sectional (N = 15,219) and panel (N = 3307) data from service sector workers to estimate the effects of job loss on health and wellbeing during COVID-19. Using employer fixed-effects, lagged dependent variables, and models that focus on job loss due to establishment closure to minimize confounding, we find negative effects of unemployment on health and wellbeing. However, in periods when UI was most generous or in cases where UI fully replaced pre-job loss wages, unemployed workers who received UI were no worse off than those who remained employed. Although UI protected against worsening health, receiving generous UI benefits did not confer a health advantage relative to working at the height of the pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trends in the retirement security of Black and Hispanic households in the US: A setback for Black Americans but continued progress for Hispanics 美国黑人和西班牙裔家庭的退休保障趋势：美国黑人遭受挫折，但西班牙裔继续取得进步

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103088

Edward N. Wolff

{"title":"Trends in the retirement security of Black and Hispanic households in the US: A setback for Black Americans but continued progress for Hispanics","authors":"Edward N. Wolff","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retirement income security refers to the ability of households to provide an adequate stream of income during the period of their retirement from the labor force. Expected retirement income is based of four components: (i) standard non-pension wealth holdings, (ii) defined contribution (DC) pension holdings, (iii) actual or expected defined benefit (DB) pension entitlements, and (iv) actual or expected Social Security benefits. The first two components are converted into an annuity. All the data (except rates of return) for these calculations are available from the Survey of Consumer Finances. Results indicate that both Black and Hispanic households made remarkable progress in terms of mean and median retirement income, poverty reduction, and replacement rates from 1989 to 2007 in both absolute terms and relative to whites. However, for Black households, this was followed by a reversal of fortune from 2007 to 2019, with expected median retirement income declining, the projected poverty rate rising, and the projected replacement rate falling, though expected mean retirement income does rise. Hispanics also experienced a setback in mean retirement income but continued progress in replacement rates and reducing poverty from 2007 to 2019.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The stricter the better? The impact of early teacher grading standards on students’ competences development and academic track enrollment 越严格越好？早期教师评分标准对学生能力发展和升学的影响

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103085

Ilaria Lievore , Emanuele Fedeli , Moris Triventi

引用次数: 0

Tracking and social inequalities in school belonging - A difference-in-differences approach 学校归属感的追踪和社会不平等--差异法

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103075

Maximilian Brinkmann , Nora Huth-Stöckle , Reinhard Schunck , Janna Teltemann

{"title":"Tracking and social inequalities in school belonging - A difference-in-differences approach","authors":"Maximilian Brinkmann , Nora Huth-Stöckle , Reinhard Schunck , Janna Teltemann","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drawing on ten studies from PIRLS, PISA and TIMSS, we study social inequalities in school belonging in the context of early tracking. We investigate whether a) there are social inequalities in school belonging b) early tracking has an effect on levels of school belonging c) tracking exacerbates social inequalities with respect to school belonging. We constructed a large database which covers a wide range of countries and representative student populations in both primary and secondary schools. We exploit that no country tracks their students in primary school and use a difference-in-differences approach to study the effect of tracking. Our findings show a positive association between students’ socioeconomic status and school belonging but no effect for tracking. Likewise, we found no evidence that tracking exacerbates social inequalities in school belonging. Multiverse analysis underlines the general robustness of these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X24000978/pdfft?md5=68737032c86289a4908f9f892a6bd1e4&pid=1-s2.0-S0049089X24000978-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender, credentials & success: An examination of educational attainment in top management teams 性别、资历与成功：对高层管理团队受教育程度的考察

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103078

Alicia R. Ingersoll , Christy Glass , Alison Cook

{"title":"Gender, credentials & success: An examination of educational attainment in top management teams","authors":"Alicia R. Ingersoll , Christy Glass , Alison Cook","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent decades, women have made historic gains in educational attainment, now outpacing men in terms of college enrollment and degree completion. Yet, despite the ubiquity of policies and programs aimed at advancing women in work organizations, women's educational gains have not yet translated into greater representation in elite corporate roles. The current study seeks to address this puzzle by analyzing the conditions under which women's educational attainment and credentials enable them to overcome gendered barriers to entry into executive positions. Specifically, we analyze the conditions under which women's educational attainment and credentials facilitate entry into executive roles and provide access to network ties necessary for gaining entrance into male-dominated positions. To answer our research questions we analyze a unique, author-constructed dataset that includes all top executives of the S&P 500 over a 5-year period. We use ordered logistic regression to analyze both the educational attainment and educational networks of executives. Findings suggest that key differences between women and men executives' networks and credentials exist, which contribute to disparities in access to organizational leadership opportunities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The causal effect of skin color bias in online dating 在线约会中肤色偏见的因果效应

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103076

Emilce Santana

引用次数: 0

Identifying the role of high school in educational inequality: A causal mediation approach 确定高中在教育不平等中的作用：因果中介法

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103077

Sho Fujihara

引用次数: 0

What's a parent to do? Measuring cultural logics of parenting with computational text analysis 父母该做什么？用计算文本分析衡量为人父母的文化逻辑

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103074

Orestes P. Hastings , Luca Maria Pesando

{"title":"What's a parent to do? Measuring cultural logics of parenting with computational text analysis","authors":"Orestes P. Hastings , Luca Maria Pesando","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leading theories on parenting in the United States suggest that parenting varies widely by socioeconomic status, with middle-class parents practicing “concerted cultivation”—marked by parents' intensive efforts to foster their children's development—and working-class parents engaging in the “accomplishment of natural growth”—with children given more freedom to manage their own time. While frequently inferred that these parenting practices reflect different cultural logics of parenting, such logics are inherently hard to measure. Our paper proposes a new inductive way to study parenting logics using computational text analysis applied to a nationally representative survey where respondents provided parenting advice across three hypothetical parenting situations. Analyzing this advice using Biterm Topic Modeling we find that nearly all parenting logics reflect some form of intensive parenting, but within that are multiple nuanced versions varying across two dimensions: (1) <em>assertive</em> vs <em>negotiated</em> parenting, and (2) <em>pedagogic</em> vs <em>pragmatic</em> parenting. Using fractional multinomial logistic regression, we find little difference in how parenting logics vary by race/ethnicity, education, and income, suggesting more similarity across groups and more variability within groups than commonly understood. These findings also demonstrate how computational techniques may provide complementary tools to enrich the study of long-standing questions in social science research, at times offering an analytical <em>naïveté</em> that human coding cannot offer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X24000966/pdfft?md5=9c8dee24629c3fea3188f189403496b2&pid=1-s2.0-S0049089X24000966-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selection into higher education and subsequent religious decline in a United States cohort 美国群体中的高等教育选拔和随后的宗教衰退

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103067

Rachel J. Bacon , Leping Wang

{"title":"Selection into higher education and subsequent religious decline in a United States cohort","authors":"Rachel J. Bacon , Leping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extant research reveals an inconclusive relationship between higher education and religiosity, which might be due to the selection effect, or to the different religiosity measures used. To address this, we analyze data of a cohort of adolescents from the 1997 National Longitudinal Study of Youth to investigate the association between religion and education. First, we assess the relationship between the child's religious environment and their likelihood of attending college. Second, we investigate how college attendance and completion affect subsequent changes in religiosity as they age into young adulthood. Results suggest that adolescent religious environment significantly predicts subsequent college enrollment. Completing college is associated with subsequent decline in private religiosity index, after accounting for adolescent religious influence, peer influence, and early family formation; suggesting robustness against selection effects. Enrollment or completion of college has a complicated association with subsequent religious attendance. Fundamentalist Christians do not experience the same declines in religious attendance as other religious traditions after enrolling in college, but additional research is needed to confirm the robustness of this finding. Our study contributes to the nuanced understanding of the relationship between higher education and religion by adopting a life course perspective that reveals the heterogeneity of the relationship by religious affiliations and the socio-cultural norms associated with them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0