Social Science Research最新文献_第5页

Inequality in the shadow: The role of private tutoring in SES achievement gaps 阴影中的不平等：家教在社会经济地位成就差距中的作用

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103053

Qi Zheng , Ang Yu

引用次数: 0

Locked out of banking: The limits of financial inclusion for formerly incarcerated individuals 被银行拒之门外：曾被监禁者融入金融的局限性

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103050

Brielle Bryan , J. Michael Collins

引用次数: 0

Free to represent you and me: Gender attitudes and women's share of parliament, 1995–2021 自由代表你我：性别态度与妇女在议会中的比例，1995-2021 年

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103051

Rob Clark, Amy Kroska

{"title":"Free to represent you and me: Gender attitudes and women's share of parliament, 1995–2021","authors":"Rob Clark, Amy Kroska","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Women are under-represented in political leadership roles, comprising only a quarter of national parliament members across the world. This is surprising, given women's comparatively high level of education and labor force participation. Why has women's political leadership lagged behind other indicators of gender equality? In this study, we revisit the importance of gender attitudes and examine the extent to which they shape women's share of parliament. Prior studies either examine gender attitudes by relying on cross-sectional research designs with small samples or adopt proxy measures that serve as crude indicators of gender ideology. We overcome these limitations by directly measuring gender attitudes from the World Values Survey and European Values Study, while adopting a panel design with a larger sample of countries and a more comprehensive set of controls. Drawing from our dataset of 275 observations across 101 countries during the 1995–2021 period, we find that our attitudinal measure, gender egalitarianism, wipes away most of the observed differences in women's share of parliament between world regions. Moreover, when we add two-way fixed effects, we find that a one-unit increase in a country's gender egalitarianism score is associated with an increase in women's parliament share by about four or five percentage points. Finally, we address concerns about endogeneity by replicating our results using two-stage least squares models with fixed effects. Overall, our findings suggest that gender ideology helps account for the growing success and persistent obstacles faced by women political candidates across the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Born to move? Birth order and emigration 生来就要迁徙？出生顺序与移民

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103052

Jan Saarela , Jani Turunen

{"title":"Born to move? Birth order and emigration","authors":"Jan Saarela , Jani Turunen","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the interrelation between birth order and emigration adopting a family fixed-effects approach. We use register data on all persons in full-siblings groups born 1970–2002 in the entire Finnish-born population, and observe their first move abroad since age 18 in the period 1987–2020. The total number of siblings is 1,352,908, the total number of sibling groups 549,842, and the total number of first moves abroad 31,192. By comparing siblings in the same family, we effectively adjust for all time-invariant confounding from unobserved or unmeasured time-invariant variables. Emigration is found to be positively associated with birth order. The hazard of emigration for second-born siblings is 1.05 that of first borns, that of third borns 1.07, and that of fourth borns 1.11. The pattern is particularly marked for emigration to countries where there is free mobility, and the association is similar for both genders. Potential explanations to the birth order pattern may be variation in personality traits, risk-taking behaviours and aspirations between siblings, or differential allocation of resources and opportunities within families. The results highlight the importance of considering birth order within the context of family dynamics and individual mobility patterns, and they need to be extended to broader settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103052"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X24000747/pdfft?md5=7181bc201ee0b863e1b5569f1e48e72a&pid=1-s2.0-S0049089X24000747-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transforming the residential built environment: Land-use policies and the influence of the growth machine across the United States 改造住宅建筑环境：美国各地的土地使用政策和增长机器的影响

IF 3.2 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103039

Lazarus Adua , Linda Lobao

{"title":"Transforming the residential built environment: Land-use policies and the influence of the growth machine across the United States","authors":"Lazarus Adua , Linda Lobao","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What effects do growth machine actors have on transformation of the built environment in terms of localities' enacted land-use policies and actual development? To the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to answer this question for communities across the United States. We draw on the growth machine theory and speak to some of its proponents’ puzzling findings that policies designed to limit growth often facilitate it. Our analysis is grounded in the urban-quantitative tradition of large-sample studies of U.S. localities. We find that involvement of growth machine business actors in local government is related to transformation of the built environment as indicated by the issuance of new residential building permits. Intriguingly, involvement of local growth actors is also associated with greater use of land-use control policies, which, in turn, have positive rather than negative effects on issuance of new residential building permits. Thus, it seems growth machine actors support policies that outwardly appear to stymie growth, although they in practice do not. These findings suggest land-use policies are often designed with enough leeway for continued growth. Supporting such policies allows growth machine actors to publicly signal support for managed growth and environmental protection, although the reality on the ground remains business as usual.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of romantic relationships for sexual minority young adults’ depressive symptoms: Does relationship type matter? 恋爱关系对性少数群体年轻人抑郁症状的影响：关系类型重要吗？

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103049

Jaime Hsu , Sara Mernitz

引用次数: 0

Heterogeneous effects of return migration on children's mental health and cognitive outcomes 回国移民对儿童心理健康和认知能力的不同影响

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103041

Qiao Li , Zai Liang

{"title":"Heterogeneous effects of return migration on children's mental health and cognitive outcomes","authors":"Qiao Li , Zai Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a neglected group, the number of return migrant children is growing with China's monumental volume of labor migration. Using data from 2013 to 2014 China Education Panel Survey, this study examines heterogeneous effects of return migration on children's mental health and cognitive outcomes. Our results show that the effects of return migration on children vary with the propensity for return migration. More importantly, when children are at risk of return migration, even if that risk is small, it already has a negative impact on children's mental health, which reminds us that it needs to take a dynamic view to study the impact of return migration on children. However, the impact of return migration is not all negative, and the findings suggest that return migration can promote the cognitive development of urban-origin migrant children. A striking regional difference emerges from our analysis: due to urban-rural gap, the impact of return migration on children from urban and rural areas is different. Specifically, return migration has a positive effect on the cognitive development of urban-origin migrant children while return migration does some harm to that of rural-origin migrant children, which implies that return migration may widen the gap between urban and rural children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of parental separation on educational achievement: An instrumental variable analysis 父母离异对教育成就的影响：工具变量分析

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103040

Michael Grätz , Juho Härkönen

{"title":"The effect of parental separation on educational achievement: An instrumental variable analysis","authors":"Michael Grätz , Juho Härkönen","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parental separation is associated with a range of negative outcomes for children experiencing it, and there is ongoing scholarly and public interest in whether these associations reflect causal effects of parental separation. We estimate the effect of parental separation on children's educational achievement in Sweden using the proportion of male colleagues at the maternal workplace as an instrumental variable for parental separation. We discuss our instrumental variable approach in the context of the literature on the heterogeneous effects of parental separation. In the empirical analysis, we use population register data on 387,411 Swedish children born between 1990 and 1996 and measure educational achievement through their grade point averages in the final year of compulsory schooling. We find that parental separation does not have a negative effect on educational achievement and that this result is robust across a range of specifications. We argue that our results are informative of the effects of a large share of parental separations, in which parents dissolve relatively well-functioning unions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 103040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X24000620/pdfft?md5=ad35920c7704b784aaa02115cdb770c6&pid=1-s2.0-S0049089X24000620-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender attitudes and the new cultural divide in europe 欧洲的性别态度和新的文化鸿沟

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103042

Ines Schäfer, Yassine Khoudja, Daniela Grunow

引用次数: 0

Overwork and the use of paid leave and flexible work policies in U.S. workplaces 美国工作场所的过劳及带薪休假和弹性工作政策的使用情况

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Social Science Research Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103006

Youngjoo Cha , Rebecca K. Grady

{"title":"Overwork and the use of paid leave and flexible work policies in U.S. workplaces","authors":"Youngjoo Cha , Rebecca K. Grady","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Employees in today's workplace express strong desire for policies allowing for temporal flexibility (e.g., paid time off, schedule change, working from home), yet these policies are underutilized even when employees have them. We argue that an occupational norm that emphasizes long work hours is a key to understanding this puzzle. Using individual-level data from the Leave Module of the 2011 American Time Use Survey (supplemented with the 2017–2018 version), matched with occupation-level data constructed from O*NET and the American Community Surveys, we show that individuals working in occupations with higher prevalence of “overwork” (defined by working 50 or more hours per week) are less likely to use paid leave. For flexible work policies, the same pattern is found for childless men, fathers, and childless women, but mothers are <em>more</em> likely to use them in occupations with higher prevalence of overwork. Our decomposition analysis shows that widespread overwork in professional and managerial occupations offsets much of what makes them amenable to the use of leave and flexible work policies, relative to other occupations. These findings suggest that even when policies are available, the success of flexible work policies largely depends on how organizations tackle the overwork norm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 103006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141243681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0