{"title":"How do rights revolutions occur? Free speech and the First Amendment","authors":"Daniel L. Chen , Susan Yeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Does obscenity law affect moral values and does it matter? Using random judge assignment and all U.S. obscenity precedents since 1958, we report four key findings. Democratic judges, more than Republicans, tended to vote progressively in obscenity cases. Such progressive rulings liberalized sexual attitudes and behaviors, increased asymptomatic STDs, but reduced child abuse. The media played a role in transferring legal precedents onto societal values. These results support a model positing laws not only sanction activities but also shape societal norms, especially when these activities become prevalent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 103155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parental self-evaluations by gender and social class: Shared parenting ideals, male breadwinner norms, and mothers’ higher evaluation standards","authors":"Patrick Ishizuka","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultural norms that define “good” parenting are central to sociological explanations of gender inequality among parents and social class differences in parental investments in children. Yet, little is known about how mothers and fathers of different social classes evaluate their success as parents and what predicts those assessments. Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this study examines how caregiving and breadwinning are tied to parents’ self-evaluations by gender and social class. Results show that intensive parenting activities and full-time employment strongly predict more positive self-evaluations for mothers and fathers, reflecting gender symmetry in core cultural expectations of parents. However, earnings, homeownership, and overwork positively predict self-evaluations for fathers only, and mothers evaluate themselves more negatively than fathers at the same level of involvement and financial provision. Finally, intensive parenting activities similarly positively predict self-evaluations for more- and less-educated parents. Findings highlight challenges to meeting cultural expectations of modern parenthood, particularly for mothers and economically disadvantaged parents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"128 ","pages":"Article 103156"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143507980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occupations in space: Using individual mobility patterns to reveal the latent dimensions of the occupational structure","authors":"Johan Westerman , Charlotta Magnusson","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 103154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who is using flexible work arrangements among couples? A longitudinal analysis of the disparities between gender, parenthood, and occupations","authors":"Senhu Wang , Cheng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of flexible work arrangements (FWAs) holds promise for advancing gender equality by enabling both men and women to better manage work and family. However, this expectation hinges on the actual utilization of FWAs by both genders in response to family needs. Drawing on longitudinal dyadic data from the UK (2010–2022), this study examines the disparities in the use of FWAs among couples by gender, parenthood, and occupation. We find that wives' use of all types of FWAs significantly increases after parenthood, whereas husbands' use remains unchanged. Moreover, mothers' use of FWAs varies by occupation and the type of FWAs. While traditional FWAs (e.g., reduced hours arrangements) are widely used by mothers regardless of their occupations, mothers from professional occupations are more likely to use novel FWAs (e.g., flexible schedule and teleworking arrangements) than those from non-professional occupations. The workplace gender inequalities are thus likely to continue in the FWA era, albeit in more subtle and nuanced forms that vary according to the types of FWAs and occupations involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 103144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethnic minorities in disadvantaged neighborhoods: Differential effects on educational outcomes","authors":"Solveig Topstad Borgen , Nicolai Topstad Borgen , Henrik Daae Zachrisson","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2025.103152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent influx of immigrants to affluent Western societies over past decades has spurred a massive political and academic interest in immigrant integration. In this paper, we explore the role of neighborhoods in this integration process using population-wide Norwegian register data. Our findings reveal considerable socioeconomic disparities in neighborhood conditions among children from different immigrant backgrounds, underscoring the unequal opportunities experienced by these groups. While children of immigrants from high-achieving groups tend to reside in more privileged areas, those who face educational challenges are often concentrated in the most deprived neighborhoods. Furthermore, we find that the influence of socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods on 5th-grade school achievements varies across children with origins from different regions. Specifically, children with parents originating from Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the MENA region are less affected by neighborhood disadvantage compared to natives and other immigrant-origin groups. Supplementary analyses suggest that this resilience to neighborhood disadvantage is partly explained by the buffering effects of co-ethnic communities. In conclusion, the findings of this paper underscore that a nuanced understanding of the role of neighborhoods is needed to decipher social inequalities between not just children of immigrants and native-born children but also between immigrant descendants of different origins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"127 ","pages":"Article 103152"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structure and influence in the spread of collective violence","authors":"Daniel J. Myers","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contradicting 50 years of analysis of urban rioting in the U.S., I connect diffusion notions to structural and economic conditions to show that structural conditions are important in predicting riot occurrence—but in a different way than previously imagined. Using riot and census data from United States in the 1960s, this analysis shows that instead of being directly responsible for producing riots, poor structural conditions increase the chances that the residents of a city will imitate other riots. This distinction is subtle, but means that structural effects are moderated by the prior behavior of other actors: lack of prior rioting depresses effects of structural conditions but as riots accumulate, structural conditions begin to play a role and activate imitation. This suggests that structural conditions alone may not have been enough to invoke rioting, but they provided fertile ground for diffusing riot ideology as the riot wave progressed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 103129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The (mis)use of Google Trends data in the social sciences - A systematic review, critique, and recommendations","authors":"Johanna Hölzl, Florian Keusch, Christoph Sajons","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers increasingly use aggregated search data from Google Trends to study a wide range of phenomena. Although this new data source possesses some important practical and methodological benefits, it also carries substantial challenges with respect to internal validity, reliability, and generalizability. In this paper, we describe and assess the existing applied research with Google Trends data in the social sciences. We conduct a systematic literature review of 360 studies using Google Trends data to (1) illustrate habits and trends and (2) examine whether and how researchers take the identified challenges into account. The results show that the large majority of the literature fails to test the internal validity of their Google Trends measure, does not consider whether their data are reliable across samples, and does not discuss the generalizability of their results. We conclude by stating practical recommendations that will help researchers to address these issues and properly work with Google Trends data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 103099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thessalia Merivaki , Mara Suttmann-Lea , Rachel Orey
{"title":"Does relying on \"close to home\" information sources increase voter confidence? Evidence from the 2022 midterm elections","authors":"Thessalia Merivaki , Mara Suttmann-Lea , Rachel Orey","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research shows that positive voter experiences shape public views about election integrity, especially confidence that votes are counted accurately. Local election officials (LEOs) play a key role in shaping these experiences. They run elections in voters' local jurisdictions, and are the authoritative sources of official, accurate, and timely information. Despite enjoying “close to home” status however, election officials may not be every voter's top information source for information about how to vote. In this paper, we argue that relying on \"close to home\" sources — local election offices, local or regional TV stations, and print publications — increases the chances voters are exposed to accurate information about how to vote, which translates into higher confidence in ballot accuracy. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of registered voters before the 2022 U.S. midterm elections, we find a positive relationship between these sources and voter confidence at personal, community, and state levels. This relationship holds even for integrity skeptics, such as Trump voters. While opting into “close to home” information ecosystems improves trust in elections, we note a key caveat: voters who rely on state election offices consistently report lower confidence. This suggests important nuances in how election officials are perceived by the public as trusted messengers in matters of election process and integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 103131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On sociologically derived mathematics","authors":"Burton H. Singer","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motivated by empirical studies of labor mobility, in 1970 Sy Spilerman approached me with a question about when a given stochastic matrix, <span><math><mi>P</mi></math></span>, can be reached from the identity matrix, <span><math><mi>I</mi></math></span>, in a prescribed period of time via the Kolmogorov forward and backward differential equations. A complete answer to this question for time-homogeneous Markov chains was provided in 1976—summarized herein—and a diversity of time-inhomogeneous cases have been studied since then and are reviewed in the present paper. Of particular interest for the future would be solutions for this reachability/embedding problem for mixtures of Markov chains. Also for the future would be studies of partial identifiability of mixtures of Markov chains when their observed transitions do not satisfy reachability/embedding conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 103124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Give and (Not) take: How transparency of refusals and acceptances in reciprocal exchange affects inequality","authors":"Scott V. Savage , Monica M. Whitham","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reciprocal exchange is the foundation of many of our social relationships. Research accounts for inequality in reciprocal exchange via a process of resource withholding, in which advantaged actors—either strategically or not—withhold valued resources from more dependent partners to instead invest in the self or in other relationships. In this study, we examine how contexts and experiences of transparent acceptances and refusals affect the tendency to withhold resources and consequently the emergence of inequality in reciprocal exchange networks. We argue processes that lead to inequality may be disrupted in situational contexts that remove uncertainty about whether reciprocal exchange offers are accepted or refused. Namely, structural pressures toward inequality should weaken as advantaged actors, who have more resources to contribute, become more likely to give and to give more abundantly. Results from an experiment generally support our predictions and provide novel insights into how contexts and experiences of refusal and acceptance affect inequality by modifying giving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 103130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}