Social Science Research最新文献

{"title":"Adaptive educational expectations: How do parental educational expectations respond to child academic performance in various family contexts?","authors":"Wensong Shen ,&nbsp;Emily Hannum ,&nbsp;Hua-Yu Sebastian Cherng","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parental educational expectations are well-studied in sociology of education and social stratification and mobility, but most literature conceptualizes these expectations as static or considers how they change only at key educational junctures such as educational transitions. Whether parental educational expectations adapt to child academic performance more generally, and what might be the key theoretical components in adaptation, are not well-conceptualized or tested. To address these limitations, we posit and test the concept of adaptive educational expectations. Our concept encompasses three key propositions: <em>adaptability</em> – parental expectations adapt to child academic performance; <em>relative responsiveness</em> – the adaptive response of parental expectations to child performance is larger in magnitude than the responsiveness of child performance to parental expectations; and <em>heterogeneity</em> – the adaptability of parental expectations varies across family contexts. We test the concept using the case of China, the largest education system in the world, with analyses of longitudinal data from the China Education Panel Survey. Findings show that parental expectations are more adaptive to child performance in low-SES families than in high-SES families and in rural areas than in nonrural areas, but there is no difference in adaptability by child gender and sibship size. These findings indicate that the adaptation of educational expectations is more shaped by socioeconomic circumstances than family demographics. Furthermore, the use of this concept reveals a hidden form of educational inequality that prior literature often neglects: compared with high-SES parents, low-SES parents not only hold lower educational expectations but are more likely to decrease their expectations when child academic performance declines, which further reduces their educational involvement. These findings illustrate the relevance of all three features of the adaptive educational expectations concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103097"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All in the family? Understanding differences in the kin-centricity of older US adults’ core discussion networks from classic age, period, and cohort table estimates","authors":"Ellen L. Compernolle ,&nbsp;Alyssa Goldman ,&nbsp;Eric C. Hedberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Panel data have generated several insights about changes in kin relationships, yet few studies examine these shifts across multiple dimensions of time simultaneously. In this paper, we use data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N = 5269) in classic lexis tables to examine age, period, and cohort differences in the kin-centricity of older adults' core discussion networks. We estimate population averages in discussion network size, range, kin composition, and kin co-residency across ages and periods. Results indicate that older adults’ core discussion networks have become larger, more diverse, and less kin-centric over time. Comparisons of fit statistics across nested models indicate that period and age effects explain most of these changes. Our findings add nuance to concerns about a growing crisis of social isolation, suggesting that declines in core discussion network kin-centricity may be accompanied by the maintenance or addition of more alternative, non-kin close ties in later life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of grandparental involvement on grandchildren's school grades: Heterogeneity by the extended family characteristics","authors":"Francesca Zanasi ,&nbsp;Valeria Bordone","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the early years are crucial for individuals' lifelong socioeconomic success, extensive research has examined the impact of non-maternal childcare on children's development. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between grandparental involvement (defined as grandparent childcare, frequency of contact, and financial support) and grandchildren's school grades, exploring a mechanism of positive selection: children from extended families with specific socioeconomic characteristics are more likely to spend time with grandparents and benefit the most from this involvement.</div><div>We utilize data from the German Pairfam survey, which uniquely provides rich information on three family generations. By conducting a heterogeneous treatment effect analysis, we account for confounding factors associated with grandparental involvement and school performance that could bias our findings. For example, children from advantaged families could be more likely to spend time with grandparents and achieve better school grades. Additionally, this approach examines whether the effect of grandparental involvement systematically varies across children based on the extended family's characteristics. For example, children from advantaged families may benefit the most from spending time with grandparents who possess social, cultural, and cognitive resources conducive to their development.</div><div>After accounting for confounding factors and heterogeneity, our analyses do not reveal a statistically significant effect of grandparental investment on children's school grades. The study concludes by discussing possible reasons for this result and highlighting the implications for the intergenerational transmission of inequality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field of study, political attitudes, and support for the radical right in Sweden and Europe","authors":"Amanda Almstedt Valldor","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses three different surveys to investigate the links between various educational fields, radical right support, and political opinions. Logit regressions and KHB mediation analysis of 41,770 observations from the Swedish SOM survey (2011–2019) reveal that graduates from technical and agricultural fields are approximately twice as likely to support the radical right as graduates from sociocultural fields. Fields such as natural sciences, business, and health demonstrate medium to medium-high support. These differences are partially mediated by horizontal, but not vertical, labor market allocation. Replication using the European Social Survey (ESS) indicates that these patterns are generalizable to Western, but not Eastern, Europe. Additional analyses show that radical right support and refugee intake skepticism decrease with years spent in sociocultural, but not technical, fields in upper-secondary school. Moreover, panel data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU) show that progressive attitude shifts occur predominantly following education in sociocultural fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaggregating the relationship between precarious employment and delayed marriage in Japan: Incorporating non-cohabiting partnerships","authors":"Ryota Mugiyama","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precarious employment is argued to have led to delayed marriage and increased cohabitation in place of marriage. However, delayed marriage entry has also occurred in countries without an accompanying increase in cohabitation, suggesting that precarious employment may hinder the preceding stages of union formation. This study examines the influence of nonstandard employment and unemployment on later marriage entry for men and women in Japan by analyzing two distinct processes: entry into non-cohabiting partnerships and entry into marriage from non-cohabiting partnerships. The results show that nonstandard employment and unemployment are negatively associated with non-cohabiting partnership entry, in addition to marriage entry from non-cohabiting partnerships. While the negative association between unemployment and marriage entry is stronger for men than for women, there are no significant gender differences in the association between employment and non-cohabiting partnerships entry. The results suggest that the influence of precarious employment appears at earlier stages of union formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The STEM leaky pipeline at labor market entry in Spain: The role of job competition and social origin","authors":"Manuel T. Valdés ,&nbsp;Heike Solga","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The underrepresentation of women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) majors is well documented. Using high-quality Spanish data, this study examines whether female STEM graduates are less likely to pursue STEM careers than their male counterparts and considers the moderating role of labor market conditions and social origin. We find a pronounced gender effect in initial and subsequent job placement (4–5 years after graduation). Notably, female STEM graduates are less likely to work in STEM occupations, even if they started their careers in STEM. Exploiting the significant impact of the Great Recession on the Spanish labor market, our study reveals a significantly larger gender effect among individuals who graduated during the crisis compared to those who graduated during the subsequent economic recovery. Thus, job competition influences the magnitude of the gender effect. Finally, our intersectional analysis of gender and social origin suggests that the gender difference is larger among STEM graduates from low-SES backgrounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Falling sideways? Social status and the true nature of elite downward mobility","authors":"Robert de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Downward mobility is an essential, but commonly overlooked component of social mobility. Existing estimates of downward mobility are routinely based on unidimensional measures of income and social class. This ignores the potential for substantial retention of advantage in other domains of stratification – particularly social status.</div><div>In this paper, I use highly detailed occupational data from a representative UK sample to examine patterns of multidimensional mobility among those from the most advantaged backgrounds. I find that multidimensional measures reveal dramatically different patterns of downward mobility – particularly for women, who, when downwardly mobile in terms of social <em>class,</em> often retain privileged social <em>status</em> positions.</div><div>I also find that those whose parents held jobs at the very top of the status distribution were much less likely to be downwardly mobile than previous mobility estimates have suggested – consistent with public perceptions of a ‘glass floor’.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103089"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When does criminal victimization undermine generalized trust? A weighted panel analysis of the effects of crime type, frequency, and variety","authors":"Florian Kaiser ,&nbsp;Dietrich Oberwittler ,&nbsp;Isabel Thielmann ,&nbsp;Kristian Kleinke ,&nbsp;Noah Greifer","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scholars from various fields have suggested that criminal victimization can shatter generalized trust. Whereas small average effects in longitudinal studies provide only weak support for this claim, victimization effects may be stronger for specific crime types and multiple victimization. To test this assumption, we estimated various victimization effects by combining Energy weighting with lagged dependent variable models, using data from two-wave panel surveys conducted in 2014/2015 (cohort 1; N = 3401) and 2020/2021 (cohort 2; N = 2932) in two German cities. We found weak evidence that trust-undermining effects of victimization were more pronounced for severe crime types or multiple victimization. Effects were only stronger for violent crimes and some forms of multiple victimization in 2014/2015 but not in 2020/2021. Besides, our weighting procedure implies that our (and probably others’) findings for more intense victimization conditions must be viewed with caution, as they suffer from lower internal validity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142419153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequality and the eroding base of liberal democracy","authors":"Sang Kyung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies broadly agree that economic inequality is negatively associated with popular support for democracy. This paper tackles this belief, testing it with more informative hypotheses. Capturing the insight from the theories of democratic attitudes and learning, this paper posits that increasing inequality would have differential effects on citizens’ normative support for democracy and their authoritarian inclination, and that those effects would also differ across the democratic regimes. Analyzing World Values Survey data covering 41 democracies over up to 25 years (1995–2020), this paper finds very little evidence for the association between inequality and normative support for democracy, whereas unearthing strong evidence for a varying effect of inequality on authoritarian inclination across the democratic regimes. It turns out where inequality is more severe, citizens in liberal democracies are more attracted to authoritarian leaders, whereas those in electoral democracies are less so. My findings refine the predominant thesis on the negative relationship between inequality and democratic support, detecting the complexities underlying it. My findings also shed new light on the theory of democratic learning and socialization by revealing the potential role of democratic regimes that remained unexplored in prior study. Lastly, this study provides a concrete explanation for how authoritarian leaders could win growing popular support in recent years where liberal democracy had most flourished.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103087"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 employment shocks and safety net expansion: Health effects on displaced workers","authors":"Daniel Schneider ,&nbsp;Kristen Harknett ,&nbsp;Annette Gailliot","doi":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ssresearch.2024.103059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>COVID-19 precipitated sharp job losses, concentrated in the service sector. Prior research suggests that such shocks would negatively affect health and wellbeing. However, the nature of the pandemic crisis was distinct in ways that may have mitigated any such negative effects, and historic expansions in unemployment insurance (UI) may have buffered workers from negative health consequences. We draw on employer-employee linked cross-sectional (N = 15,219) and panel (N = 3307) data from service sector workers to estimate the effects of job loss on health and wellbeing during COVID-19. Using employer fixed-effects, lagged dependent variables, and models that focus on job loss due to establishment closure to minimize confounding, we find negative effects of unemployment on health and wellbeing. However, in periods when UI was most generous or in cases where UI fully replaced pre-job loss wages, unemployed workers who received UI were no worse off than those who remained employed. Although UI protected against worsening health, receiving generous UI benefits did not confer a health advantage relative to working at the height of the pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48338,"journal":{"name":"Social Science Research","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103059"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}