{"title":"From Differentiation to Nexus Governance—Dynamics of Change in the UN’s Inter-Institutional Governance of Terrorism and Violent Extremism","authors":"Ann-Kathrin Rothermel","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf081","url":null,"abstract":"Despite far-reaching changes in the United Nations’ (UN) counterterrorism architecture, there has been only limited attention to what this means for global and inter-institutional governance dynamics. In this paper, I assess the evolution of the UN’s inter-institutional counterterrorism architecture since the early 2000s through a focus on institutionalized gendered logics between the UN’s three pillars of work—security, development, and human rights. The analytical approach combines postmodern discourse theory and feminist institutionalism to analyze the often informal and unspoken shifts in and across institutional discourses and practices, which are obscured by more traditional approaches to inter-institutional relations. Analyzing nearly 500 documents by 32 entities of the UN Global Counterterrorism Coordination Compact through an innovative combination of discourse analysis with Natural Language Processing tools, I identify changes towards a proliferation and hybridization of institutional discourses and a balancing of logics across the three pillars of work. I argue that these changes indicate a move away from a functionally differentiated mode of governance towards a more dynamic and networked cross-sectoral form of “nexus governance,” which offers explanations for both inter-institutional integration as well as a subtle, networked form of securitization.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145485712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalizable Precedents at the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization: An Empirical Examination of the Busch–Pelc Conjecture","authors":"Kazutaka Takechi","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf080","url":null,"abstract":"s This study investigates whether court decisions that incorporate strong sentiments are less likely to be cited in subsequent cases than other decisions as a result of low generalizability, as conjectured by Busch and Pelc. The empirical analysis reveals that decisions made by the Appellate Body at the World Trade Organization, featuring both positive and negative language, tend to be cited frequently. This finding remains robust even after controlling for time effects, novelty of issues, judicial activities of reports, outcomes of judgments, and political characteristics of the disputes. This indicates the intriguing aspect of the World Trade Organization as an international court in which rhetorical methods help shape case law through frequent citations.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145472926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina P Coleman, Joshua Fawcett Weiner, Kseniya Oksamytna, Jessica Di Salvatore
{"title":"Gender in International Bureaucracies: Evidence from UN Field Missions","authors":"Katharina P Coleman, Joshua Fawcett Weiner, Kseniya Oksamytna, Jessica Di Salvatore","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf076","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary international organizations, including the UN, employ tens of thousands of staff outside of their headquarters in field offices around the world. Despite attempts to promote gender equity, significant differences persist in male and female officials’ experiences of working in UN field offices and missions. Drawing on a series of internal surveys of UN field staff, we demonstrate that, relative to men, women report having worse relationships with peers, supervisors, and management as well as having less confidence in performance appraisal mechanisms. Through a qualitative analysis of survey comments, archival materials, and semi-structured interviews, we highlight distinct gendered dynamics of working in field offices that affect international bureaucrats’ workplace experiences.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probabilistic Democracy","authors":"Muhammet A Bas, Randall W Stone","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf067","url":null,"abstract":"Democracy is an important concept that is difficult to measure, and existing measures have well-known weaknesses. We define democracy narrowly, as electoral accountability, and estimate the probability of democracy using a structural model and data from 1945 to 2008. We allow for strategic voting and find evidence that voters are intimidated into supporting authoritarian leaders. Ratification of the Convention Against Torture by the country in question emboldens voters, while ratification by third parties, close relations with the USA and the incumbent’s military experience increase voter intimidation. Our estimated democracy scores are highly correlated with other measures frequently used in political science and come with important advantages, including conceptual clarity, replicability, out-of-sample score prediction, flexibility with respect to the variables and specifications used in the estimation model, estimates of uncertainty, and avoiding potential expert bias.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconnecting Evidence and Theory: Building Knowledge from the Ground Up","authors":"Marijke Breuning","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf077","url":null,"abstract":"This International Studies Association Presidential Address argues that international studies needs to rethink the field’s identity, and its value to students and society—an issue that is urgent due to the challenges facing higher education. International studies has long valued theory and theoretical paradigms over the careful evaluation of theory on the basis of evidence. The address argues that the incentive structure that encourages this focus on theory is misguided. It also argues that the field’s identity, value, and future do not depend on this focus on theory and theoretical paradigms. Instead, the field’s identity, value, and future depend on a willingness to center evidence-based, theory-informed scholarship. The address argues that the proposed redirection would alter the role of theory in the field, rather than make it obsolete. Evidence-based, theory-informed scholarship places theory in the service of an evidence-based understanding of phenomena in global politics and advances knowledge—offering value to students and society.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconsidering the Relationship between CBI and FIX","authors":"David H Bearce, Ana Carolina Garriga","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf074","url":null,"abstract":"s This research note reconsiders the question of whether central bank independence (CBI) and fixed exchange rates (FIX) function as substitutes or complements. We argue that these monetary institutions have neither served as substitutes nor performed as complements for either inflation control or exchange rate stability. In terms of their substitutability, our statistical evidence shows that while CBI has been used for inflation control, FIX has been more directed toward exchange rate stability using updated datasets with these monetary institutions measured both on a de jure and de facto basis with nearly global country/year coverage from 1970 to 2020. In terms of their complementarity, our results also demonstrate that CBI was not more effective at reducing inflation when paired with greater FIX, and FIX was not more effective at promoting exchange rate stability when paired with greater CBI. If anything, both are less effective when paired with the other monetary institution.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Negotiating Difficult Issues with Little Fervour? Why Peace Processes in Territorial Conflicts Tend to Produce Incomplete Outcomes","authors":"Meri Dankenbring, Iris Volg, Constantin Ruhe","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf072","url":null,"abstract":"There is widespread consensus in peace research that territorial conflicts are more enduring and difficult to settle than non-territorial conflicts. However, theoretical explanations for this relationship vary. We apply a new conceptual framework to integrate existing explanations into a broader theory. We highlight how earlier work suggests alternative mechanisms: either actors in territorial intra-state conflicts are less willing to compromise at the negotiation table, or the most relevant negotiation issues on the table in territorial conflicts are particularly difficult. This theoretical argument directly translates into a statistical model, enabling us to measure and compare the latent compromise propensity and the relative difficulty of negotiated provisions in territorial versus non-territorial conflicts. In a preregistered analysis, we find that comprehensive peace agreements are less likely in territorial civil wars because provisions primarily relevant in territorial conflicts are particularly difficult. Further analyses show that territorial conflicts also have a lower overall compromise propensity than government conflicts, but specific context characteristics in territorial conflicts explain this difference.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can International Advocacy Rally Public Support for Human Rights Sanctions? Experimental Evidence from the United States","authors":"Ryan Yu-Lin Liou","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf075","url":null,"abstract":"Human rights organizations regularly publicize abuses and shame repressive regimes. But can such human rights messaging effectively mobilize public support for sanctions against these regimes? This study examines whether and under what conditions international advocacy influences citizens’ willingness to support sanctions. I hypothesize that advocacy effectiveness depends on who delivers the message, what type of violation is reported, and how the response is framed. I fielded a preregistered survey experiment with a sample of 2,204 Americans, varying the type of rights violation (physical integrity vs. empowerment rights), the advocacy messenger (UN Special Rapporteur vs. Human Rights Watch), and the sanctions framing (unilateral vs. multilateral). Results show that advocacy messages can increase public support for sanctions, but effects vary significantly across conditions. First, UN messaging produces robust effects, while Human Rights Watch messaging shows weaker and less consistent impacts. Second, messages describing physical integrity abuses generate strong support, while empowerment rights violations fail to mobilize public opinion. Contrary to expectations, multilateral framing does not significantly increase support. These findings advance our understanding of transnational advocacy by identifying the conditions under which international actors can effectively mobilize public backing for human rights enforcement and when advocacy efforts may fall short.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145141503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saki Kuzushima, Itsuki Umeyama, Kenneth Mori McElwain, Yuki Shiraito
{"title":"IO Endorsements, Perceived Alignment, and Public Support for Unpopular Policies","authors":"Saki Kuzushima, Itsuki Umeyama, Kenneth Mori McElwain, Yuki Shiraito","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf073","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on international organizations (IOs) has highlighted their capacity to influence state behavior by shaping domestic public opinion, a key channel for policy change. This paper investigates an important extension of this mechanism: whether domestic leaders can proactively leverage IO endorsements to bolster support for contentious policies. Drawing on a survey experiment examining attitudes toward a controversial tax increase in Japan, we test how the effectiveness of this tactic depends on how IOs are perceived across multiple dimensions, including neutrality and expertise. Our results show that referencing IO endorsements reduces resistance to the policy. Crucially, their impact is strongest when the IO is seen as aligned with national interests. In contrast, traits such as impartiality and technical expertise—emphasized in previous studies—play a more limited role. Moreover, the persuasive power of endorsements is concentrated among government supporters, further underscoring the importance of perceived interest alignment as a critical dimension of persuasiveness. These findings offer new insights into when and how IOs shape mass attitudes and call attention to the strategic value of perceived IO biases for domestic elites.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional Sovereignty in Contested Territories","authors":"Adrian Florea, Reyko Huang","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf069","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarship on international sovereignty generally adopts a binary conception: territories either have international recognition, or they lack it and remain unrecognized entities within fragmented states. In this article, we challenge this binary frame by introducing the notion of functional sovereignty: contested territories in practice enjoy varying degrees of sovereignty over governance functions that require external acceptance for their operation. To illustrate, we introduce a new dataset of functional sovereignty over vehicle license plates, currency, passport issuance, postal service, and national Internet domains within unrecognized (de facto) states. We theorize disputes over these functions as not only a matter of practicality, but also as contestations over symbolic assertions of sovereign statehood. Analysis of de facto state governance over these five functions shows that contested territories collectively exhibit gradations of functional sovereignty, defying binary classifications. Further, we draw conceptual and empirical distinctions between functional sovereignty and proximate phenomena, including statehood, rebel governance, and global governance. Our findings urge a greater focus on the practical dimensions of sovereignty, above and beyond its international legal aspect, for a more grounded understanding of the politics of international recognition.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}