{"title":"Anarchy Is What the Balance of Power Made of It: Two Core Concepts and the Public/Private Distinction in International Relations","authors":"Morten Skumsrud Andersen","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf064","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I question a familiar assumption in International Relations (IR): that the balance of power and anarchy are mutually reinforcing concepts. I argue instead that this relationship is neither natural nor necessary. Modern understandings of anarchy do not reflect timeless features of international politics, but are historically contingent outcomes of changes in how the balance of power concept itself has been understood and deployed. Drawing on conceptual history, I trace how the balance of power transitioned from a principle embodying Europe’s public interest in the eighteenth century to an expression of national rivalry and competitive self-interest in the nineteenth. This transformation was underpinned by a broader redefinition of the public/private distinction, which enabled states to be imagined as atomistic units operating in decentralized, market-like competition—what came to be seen as anarchy. By recovering the practical history of the balance of power, I reinterpret the genealogy of two foundational IR concepts and call for greater reflexivity about the analytical tools through which international relations are theorized.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144901708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accountable to Whom? Public Opinion of Aid Conditionality in Recipient Countries","authors":"Richard Clark, Lindsay R Dolan, Alexandra O Zeitz","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf057","url":null,"abstract":"When donors extend foreign aid, they often attach requirements to these funds. While requirements are intended to improve the effectiveness of aid, they also render recipient governments accountable to donors. How does the public in recipient countries view these requirements attached to development finance? We argue that individuals’ assessment of aid requirements is a function of their trust in their own government, as well as the foreign donor. When citizens trust their government, aid requirements activate sovereignty concerns, and individuals view them negatively. But when individuals distrust their government, they see requirements as a source of external accountability. Citizens also consider the donor; foreign accountability is welcome only if the donor is trusted. We test our argument using Afrobarometer data on public attitudes toward aid conditionality and an original survey fielded in Kenya, finding evidence that supports our contentions. Our study contributes to an understanding of accountability in global governance.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144825659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Telling Stories of International Relations","authors":"Laura J Shepherd","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf055","url":null,"abstract":"This is a lightly edited version of the presidential address I delivered at the sixty-fifth annual convention of the International Studies Association in San Francisco, USA, on April 4, 2024. In this essay, I explore the stories that we tell about the international, and relations, and the possibility of telling different stories—and perhaps the need to tell different stories—in the future. I begin by weighing the international, and exploring what is at stake when setting up a focus on international relations, as distinct from other kinds of relations. I then shift focus to relations. A focus on relations, rather than entities or things, encourages us to consider how these relations are developed, nurtured, ruptured, and restored, and to examine both the conditions and affordances of these processes. Finally, I take on the question of how to tell different stories in the future. I hope to show that questions of futurity are necessarily questions of justice and questions of ethics, and that we as a scholarly community must ask ourselves what we owe, and to whom, in our work if we are going to honor our obligations to our past and future selves and others.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immigration, Justice Remittances, and US Courts","authors":"Leslie Johns, Máximo Langer, Margaret E Peters","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf052","url":null,"abstract":"Many immigrants to the United States are victims of crimes that occurred in their home countries. US courts usually will not rule on legal violations that occur outside of US territory. However, starting in 1980, US federal courts sometimes allow foreign nationals to use the Alien Tort Statute to seek civil remedies for international law violations on foreign territory. We argue that these civil remedies are justice remittances from the United States to the foreign countries where the violations occurred. We additionally argue that immigrants are a key driving force in generating the demand for these justice remittances. We identify the filing districts for legal complaints that yield Alien Tort Statute judicial opinions. We then use individual-level immigration data from the US Census that we aggregate to match federal judicial districts. We find compelling evidence that immigrants are agents of justice who demand justice remittances from US courts.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Good Enough? Public Perceptions of Success in Military Interventions","authors":"Sarah Maxey","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf051","url":null,"abstract":"Public perceptions of successful military interventions carry high stakes for democratic governance. Expectations of success help mobilize support for military action, while political punishment for failure deters elected leaders from starting wars they cannot win. What factors drive public perceptions of success? How susceptible are public perceptions of success to elite manipulation? Treating perceptions of success as a dependent variable in their own right, I show that public evaluations are both multifaceted and malleable. I first use a conjoint experiment to capture the multiple factors that influence public perceptions of successful interventions. Two additional survey experiments then gauge whether elite rhetoric and priming can shift public metrics for success. The results show that the public’s concept of success is complex, weighing the ultimate costs and benefits of intervention along multiple dimensions. Leaders, however, have significant power to offset perceptions of and avoid accountability for failure.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingqian He, Xun Pang, Yaqian He, Yekai Xu, Matthew H Connolly
{"title":"Agricultural Geography and International Water Conflict: Evidence from Remotely Sensed Data","authors":"Qingqian He, Xun Pang, Yaqian He, Yekai Xu, Matthew H Connolly","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf048","url":null,"abstract":"s As global warming intensifies water stress, the geopolitics of shared water resources have become increasingly urgent, complex, and contentious. This study investigates the role of agricultural geography—specifically the size, location, and spatial configuration of agricultural land—in shaping water stress and its management, ultimately influencing the likelihood of international water conflict. To empirically address these dynamics, we introduce novel spatiotemporal measures of agricultural land features, using remotely sensed data and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. Analyzing data from 311 country dyads within 58 international river basins over seven years, our study finds that extensive agricultural land spanning multiple sovereign territories in shared basins is associated with a high probability of international water conflict. While the upstream-downstream configuration does not inherently heighten conflict risk, the likelihood rises with larger upstream agricultural areas, particularly when coupled with extensive downstream agricultural land. These findings enhance our understanding of how geographic factors beyond mere proximity shape international security dynamics, and offer practical implications for conflict prevention, water resource management, and climate change governance.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Moehlecke, Guilherme N Fasolin, Matias Spektor
{"title":"Beyond Jobs: When Citizens Reject Socially Irresponsible Foreign Direct Investment","authors":"Carolina Moehlecke, Guilherme N Fasolin, Matias Spektor","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf046","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarship shows that public attitudes toward foreign direct investment (FDI) are shaped by non-economic factors such as ethnocentrism, nationalism, and foreign threat perceptions. However, the influence of socially irresponsible behavior by investing firms on such attitudes remains underexplored. In this research note, we investigate individuals’ preferences regarding socially irresponsible FDI through a conjoint experiment conducted in Brazil, a key destination for international capital inflows in the Global South. We find that investing firms’ corrupt and environmentally damaging behavior significantly reduces public support for FDI, even when respondents are prompted to consider substantial job creation by the firm under challenging economic conditions. This effect persists among high-skilled labor, a group that typically stands to benefit the most from FDI. These findings contribute to our understanding of the determinants of public attitudes toward FDI by highlighting the salience of negative externalities over economic benefits. Ultimately, the study offers a cautionary tale for firms, policymakers, and civil society, underscoring public sensitivity to the social costs of globalization and the potential reputational risks of prioritizing expected economic benefits over responsible conduct.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategic Humanitarianism and US Refugee Admissions after the Cold War","authors":"Idean Salehyan","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf045","url":null,"abstract":"The United States has historically been the world's leader in refugee resettlement. Yet, there has been little scholarship on the determinants of US refugee admissions policies. This paper asks, why does the United States resettle refugees from certain countries over others? How have these priorities changed over time? This paper argues that refugee admissions should be understood as more than a humanitarian initiative, but also reflects foreign policy priorities. This interplay between humanitarian factors and geopolitics is a key component of strategic humanitarianism. After the passage of the 1980 Refugee Act, the United States used refugee policy to resettle refugees from areas where it has been militarily involved and as a strategy to discredit foreign policy rivals. Yet, the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks dramatically altered the foreign policy priorities of the United States. In the post-9/11 period, the United States is expected to have resettled far fewer refugees from military conflicts and Muslim-majority nations. A statistical analysis of refugee resettlement from 1990–2019 reveals that the United States prioritized refugees from its conflicts abroad in the 1990s, but that this preference declined considerably with the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"271 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Nicoli, Brian Burgoon, David van der Duin
{"title":"Citizen Support for a European Defense Union: An International Conjoint Experiment on Security Cooperation in Europe","authors":"Francesco Nicoli, Brian Burgoon, David van der Duin","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf044","url":null,"abstract":"Even in the face of rising security threats, European regional security cooperation is fraught. The issue strikes at the heart of national sovereignty that citizens and governments can be jealous to preserve. Political support for European security integration is arguably sensitive not only to financial and sovereignty costs, but also to specific design choices—its scope and level of military commitments, its governance and sources of financing. To explore these issues, we carried out a conjoint experiment in five Western European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain) in November 2022 focused on public support for alternative designs of European defense union. The results show that these Western European publics are most supportive of policy packages requiring EU-level governance, joint procurement of military equipment, and repurposing of existing national expenditure as the preferred form of financing. Citizens in different Western European countries have generally aligned preferences regarding such security cooperation. The results suggest that European citizens support creating joint institutions and policies that substantially pool sovereignty even in the security realm—provided such pooling stays within a range of particular policy designs.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Firm Heterogeneity and Asymmetric Liberalization Drive Differential Utilization of FTAs among Firms in Production Networks","authors":"Antonio Postigo","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf038","url":null,"abstract":"Firms in production networks often favor liberalization through free trade agreements (FTAs) over multilateral liberalization because of its potential discriminatory effects against firms outside the FTA, but also, as this article explores, relative to competing firms within the FTA area. The selectivity and flexibility inherent in FTA liberalization accommodate heterogeneity among firms in trade preferences, incentivizing them to lobby individually for specific FTA design configurations aligned with their particular production organizations. This article theorizes how the interaction between two variables—(1) inter-firm heterogeneity in production organization and (2) asymmetric liberalization through FTA design configurations—determines heterogeneity in FTA utilization among firms, favoring some over others within the trade area. These arguments are examined in the context of the Thai automotive industry and the FTAs signed by Thailand with other Southeast Asian countries, Japan, India, and Australia, drawing on interviews and administrative records. The empirical evidence supports the explanatory power of these variables in accounting for inter-firm heterogeneity in trade preferences, lobbying patterns, and FTA utilization. Automakers lobbied for FTA configurations that selectively liberalize their trade flows relative to competitors within the trade area, primarily using FTAs for hierarchical and captive cross-border input trade with subsidiaries and long-term suppliers.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144269403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}