International Studies Quarterly最新文献_第3页

Military Gender Advisors, Organizational Change, and Transformational Opportunities: The Discrepancy between Policy and Practice 军事性别顾问、组织变革和转型机会：政策与实践之间的差异

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf015

Eleanor Gordon, Katrina Lee-Koo

{"title":"Military Gender Advisors, Organizational Change, and Transformational Opportunities: The Discrepancy between Policy and Practice","authors":"Eleanor Gordon, Katrina Lee-Koo","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf015","url":null,"abstract":"Military Gender Advisors (GENADs) are an increasingly common feature in global armed forces and military operations. Their role is designed to operate at the strategic level of military organizations to the facilitate implementation of the United Nations Women, Peace, and Security agenda. Despite an overarching policy framework and official discourse that value and support their work, GENADs face significant challenges that undermine their ability to succeed in their roles. This article employs a feminist institutionalist lens to investigate the disconnect between policy and practice, and draws from empirical qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews with serving and former military GENADs and other stakeholders across twenty-one countries. The article argues that despite strong rhetorical support and a visible global policy framework underpinning the work of GENADs, institutional practices informed by normative assumptions about gender, women, and militaries undermine the effectiveness of the GENAD capability. Through this investigation, this article contributes to conceptual and theoretical understandings around gender-responsive transformation within the organizational and cultural practices of militaries.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why International Organizations Don’t Learn: Dissent Suppression as a Source of IO Dysfunction 为什么国际组织不学习：压制异议是国际组织功能失调的根源

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf008

Ben Christian

{"title":"Why International Organizations Don’t Learn: Dissent Suppression as a Source of IO Dysfunction","authors":"Ben Christian","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf008","url":null,"abstract":"International organizations (IOs) need to learn from their mistakes in order to improve their performance. Over the past decades, IOs have therefore invested significantly in building a professional learning infrastructure. However, as recent studies show, many IOs still struggle to learn from their mistakes. Why do IOs not learn despite all these formal learning processes and tools? I argue that the internal “criticism culture”—the way IOs deal with criticism from their own employees—is an overlooked but crucial variable that can help us explain the lack of learning in IOs. To illustrate this argument, I draw on an in-depth case study of the UN Secretariat and more than 50 interviews with UN staff members. First, I show that the internal criticism culture in the UN Secretariat’s Peace and Security Pillar is repressive and self-restrained. Second, I demonstrate that this criticism culture leads to a double blockade that prevents the organization’s formal learning infrastructure from performing as intended: UN employees do not dare to voice criticism in official formats, and “learning products” are glossed over as they move up the ranks. As a consequence, the IO lacks a necessary stimulus for learning, which results in performance problems.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distrustful in Domestic Politics, Self-Confident in Foreign Policy: The Populist Paradox, Domain-Specific Attention, and Leadership Trait Analysis 国内政治的不信任，外交政策的自信：民粹主义悖论、特定领域关注与领导特质分析

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf007

Stephan Fouquet, Klaus Brummer

{"title":"Distrustful in Domestic Politics, Self-Confident in Foreign Policy: The Populist Paradox, Domain-Specific Attention, and Leadership Trait Analysis","authors":"Stephan Fouquet, Klaus Brummer","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf007","url":null,"abstract":"Paradoxically, research on the international dimensions and effects of populism finds that populist leaders’ politicization frequently portrays domestic and foreign “elites” as intertwined—but that their decision-making tends to be considerably more antagonistic vis-à-vis internal opponents than established external actors. Combining structural and agential perspectives, this paper unboxes the individual micro-factors feeding into this paradox by analytically disentangling domain-specific personality traits. To explore whether populist leaders’ individual characteristics vary or remain stable in domestic politics and foreign policy, we conduct a novel domain-specific leadership trait analysis of eleven populist chief executives around the globe. On the one hand, we find limited and rather heterogeneous variation in most individual characteristics, including need for power and conceptual complexity. On the other hand, the great majority of profiled leaders display higher foreign self-confidence and higher domestic distrust. We conclude that particular tendencies toward fearful blanket suspicions of other powerful internal actors and more self-assured case-by-case judgments of external counterparts matter to understand why populist decision-makers often produce confrontational domestic but relatively cooperative foreign policy records. These personality-level inferences support recent IR scholarship about the international opportunities for populist leadership, personalistic foreign policy decision-making, and the primarily domestic logic of intermestic “people-versus-elite” politicization.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spillover Effects in International Law: Evidence from Tax Planning 国际法中的溢出效应：来自税收筹划的证据

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf006

Calvin Thrall

{"title":"Spillover Effects in International Law: Evidence from Tax Planning","authors":"Calvin Thrall","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf006","url":null,"abstract":"Multinational firms frequently route their foreign investments through intermediate shell companies. Increasingly, firms engage in proxy arbitration, using these shell companies to access other states’ bilateral investment treaties and file investor–state disputes against their host states. I argue that proxy arbitration is actually a spillover effect of firms’ efforts to reduce their tax burdens. Firms invest abroad through intermediate shell companies to access the bilateral tax treaty network, reducing their withholding taxes. Because the tax and investment treaty networks overlap extensively, these “tax-planning” firms often gain investment treaty coverage as a side benefit, enabling them to file proxy arbitration in the event of a dispute. Using novel, fine-grained data on the ownership structures of multinational firms, I find evidence in support of the spillover effects theory. The results shed new light on the costs of corporate tax planning, and inform ongoing policy debates about reforming the international investment regime; moreover, they make clear that understanding the true effects of global governance institutions requires attention to how firms strategically change their legal forms to access or avoid them.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Conflict to Communities: Fields’ Reshuffles and the Emergence of Communities of Practice in Humanitarian Logistics 从冲突到社区：人道主义后勤领域的洗牌和实践社区的出现

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf009

Seila Panizzolo

{"title":"From Conflict to Communities: Fields’ Reshuffles and the Emergence of Communities of Practice in Humanitarian Logistics","authors":"Seila Panizzolo","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf009","url":null,"abstract":"Initiatives by agents in a favorable contingency can reshuffle transnational areas of practice and show how fields shape communities of practice (CoPs). The article examines how CoPs emerge and develop and why this happens in some areas and not others. It also explores whether CoPs should be situated within conflictual theories of the international, like field theory. The article argues that CoPs emerge through four stages, whereby (i) the initiative that resourceful agents take at the critical juncture of different fields of practice is followed by (ii) a power reshuffle in the fields concerned due to other organizations recognizing what those agents can offer. The result is (iii) the selective consolidation of common practices only in those fields where organizations engage in collective learning and share the same taken-for-granted. Upon meeting these conditions, (iv) the CoP can resist the competition from other organizations in its field and endure. Empirically, the article examines the case of a CoP that emerged in Dubai from the world’s largest humanitarian free zone and as part of the field of humanitarian logistics. Ultimately, CoPs are an ordering principle of international relations that does not contradict—but exists within—the tenets of field theory.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Peacekeeping Proneness”: Which Type of International System Is Most Likely to Enhance the Supply of Peacekeepers? “维和倾向”：哪种类型的国际制度最有可能增加维和人员的供应？

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqae151

Philip Cunliffe

{"title":"“Peacekeeping Proneness”: Which Type of International System Is Most Likely to Enhance the Supply of Peacekeepers?","authors":"Philip Cunliffe","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqae151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae151","url":null,"abstract":"s The Russian invasion of Ukraine has escalated geopolitical rivalry and debate about the demise of the liberal international order and the changing distribution of power within the international system. Peacekeeping has been a key component of the liberal international order at least since the end of the Cold War, if not before. Peacekeeping boomed in the era of US unipolarity, with twenty new United Nations (UN) operations alone launched between 1989 and 1994. At the time of writing, c. 60,000 blue helmets are deployed around the world, and a peacekeeping operation is being mooted for postwar Gaza. Given the growing geopolitical rivalry between East and West, a relative erosion of US power, and much talk of a new age of multipolarity, where does this leave peace operations and peacekeeping? This paper explores the impact of different distributions of power in the international system (namely, multipolarity, bipolarity, and unipolarity) on peace operations. The paper goes through relevant military interventions beginning with the post-1815 Congress system and reaching up to the present day. The paper shows that a multipolar distribution of power is most propitious for the global deployment of peacekeepers, and suggests that peace operations may in future express international cooperation more than unipolar power.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"549 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entangled Narratives: Insights from Social and Computer Sciences on National Artificial Intelligence Infrastructures 纠缠叙事：来自社会和计算机科学对国家人工智能基础设施的见解

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf001

J P Singh, Amarda Shehu, Manpriya Dua, Caroline Wesson

{"title":"Entangled Narratives: Insights from Social and Computer Sciences on National Artificial Intelligence Infrastructures","authors":"J P Singh, Amarda Shehu, Manpriya Dua, Caroline Wesson","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf001","url":null,"abstract":"How do countries narrate their values and priorities in artificial intelligence infrastructures in comparative national and global contexts? This paper analyzes the policies governing national and regional artificial intelligence infrastructures to advance an understanding of “entangled narratives” in global affairs. It does so by utilizing artificial intelligence techniques that assist with generalizability and model building without sacrificing granularity. In particular, the machine learning and natural language processing big data models used alongside some process-tracing demonstrate the ways artificial intelligence infrastructural plans diverge, cluster, and transform along several topical dimensions in comparative contexts. The paper's entangled narrative approach adds to international relations (IR) theorizing about infrastructural narratives and technological diffusion. We provide patterned and granular results at various levels, which challenge and refine existing theories that attribute differences in infrastructures and technological adoption to geopolitical competition and imitation, top-down or linear international diffusion effects, and differences in political systems.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Who Reviews Whom, Where, and Why? Evidence from the Peer Review Process of the OECD Development Assistance Committee 谁审查谁，在哪里审查，为什么审查？来自经合组织发展援助委员会同行评审程序的证据

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqae138

Alice Iannantuoni, Simone Dietrich, Bernhard Reinsberg

{"title":"Who Reviews Whom, Where, and Why? Evidence from the Peer Review Process of the OECD Development Assistance Committee","authors":"Alice Iannantuoni, Simone Dietrich, Bernhard Reinsberg","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqae138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae138","url":null,"abstract":"The study of international organizations’ (IOs) peer review systems has focused largely on their efficacy in disseminating best practices, with mixed results. This paper informs the debate from a new angle: We evaluate the extent to which decisions about who reviews whom and where result from bureaucratic guidelines, or whether these decisions are shaped by the particularistic interests of member states that would need to be considered in efficacy evaluations of peer reviews. Our empirical case is the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) which requires that DAC donors have their practices reviewed by two peer examiners every few years. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, we study (i) the assignment of peer examiners (1962–2020) and (ii) the selection of recipient countries visited for in-depth assessment during the review (1994–2020). Our analyses show that the choice of peer examiners is driven by the IO’s bureaucratic process. The selection of recipient countries for field visits is also largely in line with Secretariat guidelines, with some room for the preferences of reviewed donors to play a role.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can States Be Interviewed? 国家可以接受采访吗？

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqae153

Tadek Markiewicz

{"title":"Can States Be Interviewed?","authors":"Tadek Markiewicz","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqae153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae153","url":null,"abstract":"s While states are not human beings, they are institutionalized social groups. It is humans who constitute and run them. Consequently, it is argued that countries can be interviewed. This claim is based on in-depth interviews with seventy Israeli and British officials, which “captured” states’ anxiety. In ontological security studies, countries’ anxieties are typically inferred from historical and narrative analysis. The article lays another path to establish that states are anxious. Despite the increasing acknowledgement of the “emotional turn” in international relations, there is a notable lack of methodological focus on how emotions impact statecraft. This study bridges the gap by showing how interviewing can investigate the internal lives of states. The research also addresses critiques of ontological security studies, namely the challenge of applying an individual-level concept to state behavior and empirically validating its relevance in statecraft. It traced how officials’ anxiety about their country’s policies “scales up” to the state level. The rich evidence—coming from country officials themselves—affirmed ontological security’s capacity to explain state behavior and underscored the importance of integrating political psychology into international relations research. Moreover, it is the first study to use elite interviews to investigate whether countries experience ontological insecurity.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"393 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Design of Autocratic Trade Agreements: Economic Integration and Political Survival 专制贸易协定的设计：经济一体化与政治生存

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqae152

Evgeny Postnikov, Jonas Gamso

{"title":"The Design of Autocratic Trade Agreements: Economic Integration and Political Survival","authors":"Evgeny Postnikov, Jonas Gamso","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqae152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae152","url":null,"abstract":"s The number of preferential trade agreements signed among non-democratic states (autocratic PTAs) has grown significantly over the last decades. Trade policy scholarship remains silent on the institutional design of these autocratic economic arrangements. In this paper, we explore the core institutional characteristic of autocratic PTAs—their depth. It has been shown that many North–South and, increasingly, South–South PTAs tend to be deep, yet the depth of PTAs comprised of autocratic members remains puzzling, as government elites are faced with competing pressures for economic integration and political survival. We argue that autocratic PTAs tend to have considerable depth when it comes to the coverage of certain trade-plus issues, such as investment and trade-in services, due to the desire of government elites to attract trade and investment and enhance the ruling regime's legitimacy and political survival. However, dispute settlement provisions that could breach domestic political autonomy are carefully eschewed. We also expect to see higher levels of agreement flexibility in deep autocratic PTAs, reflecting autocrats’ dual interests in economic openness and political control. We test these expectations using data from the Design of Trade Agreements Database and we carry out interviews with trade officials to clarify the mechanisms at work.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0