International Studies Quarterly最新文献_第3页

The Temporal Politics of Inevitability: Mass Death during the COVID-19 Pandemic 不可避免的时间政治：COVID-19 大流行期间的大规模死亡

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf023

Katharine M Millar, Yuna Han, Martin J Bayly

{"title":"The Temporal Politics of Inevitability: Mass Death during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Katharine M Millar, Yuna Han, Martin J Bayly","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf023","url":null,"abstract":"Many international phenomena, from complex, interconnected processes to specific catastrophes, have been deemed “inevitable” by elites, policymakers, and scholars. Yet existing scholarship treats “inevitability” as an objective fact to be assessed retrospectively, rather than an expression of politics and contestation. To see the “politics of inevitability,” we argue, requires attention to the underlying politics of time through which inevitability is narrated and naturalized. Drawing upon the “temporal turn” in IR, we identify three constitutive practices of inevitability: problem definition, designations of agency and responsibility, and distribution throughout a political community. Empirically, we illustrate our argument through a discourse analysis of how mass death was produced as “inevitable” (or not) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The politics of inevitability does not cause the outcomes that are deemed inevitable, but through narrating time in a particular way, it provides the conditions in which certain policy choices become imaginable and/or desirable. This has vital implications for the ways that other future events are cast as inevitable, including climate change, war, and future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Memory Make Safe in the Wake of Atrocity? Pacification of Violent Pasts, Memory Labor, and Everyday Security 暴行过后，记忆能带来安全吗？平息暴力的过去、记忆劳动和日常安全

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf011

Andrea Purdeková

{"title":"Does Memory Make Safe in the Wake of Atrocity? Pacification of Violent Pasts, Memory Labor, and Everyday Security","authors":"Andrea Purdeková","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf011","url":null,"abstract":"Does commemoration of violence enhance or undermine everyday security? Whilst memorialization has become a staple of peacebuilding processes, the everyday security dimensions of memory remain understudied. Drawing on three case studies of recent transitional justice memory initiatives in Eastern and Central Africa—Rwanda, Burundi, and Kenya– and on qualitative fieldwork in all three countries, the paper shows that elites are vested in the pacification of memory—careful management of the perceived threatening aspects of memory—rather than in its emancipatory potential, with profound implications for everyday material and physical security. People’s production and consumption of memorialization in context of securitized memory reproduce forms of insecurity—in material sense of extractive labor when producing witness testimony or research on memory, in the sense of physical threats when probing silences or challenging hegemonic narratives of the past, and in the form of retraumatization during memorialization. These everyday insecurities constrict the emancipatory and peacebuilding potential of postatrocity memory initiatives, as evidenced by very different types of war–peace transition, mass violence, and political regime. The paper contributes to debates on critical security and everyday IR by theorizing the memory-security nexus as a domain of lived experience in conflict-affected contexts.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introducing the UNCIPPO (UN Civilian Posts in Peacekeeping Operations) Dataset 介绍联合国维持和平行动文职员额数据集

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf021

Jessica Di Salvatore, Kseniya Oksamytna, Katharina P Coleman

{"title":"Introducing the UNCIPPO (UN Civilian Posts in Peacekeeping Operations) Dataset","authors":"Jessica Di Salvatore, Kseniya Oksamytna, Katharina P Coleman","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf021","url":null,"abstract":"This research note presents a dataset on budgeted civilian personnel posts in UN peacekeeping operations by mission, unit, rank, and staff category in the 1991–2020 period: the UNCIPPO (UN Civilian Posts in Peacekeeping Operations) Dataset. Civilian staff in UN peacekeeping operations include specialists in political affairs, human rights, gender, child protection, electoral support, security sector reform, strategic communications, and information analysis, among others. Our coding of almost three hundred UN budget documents reveals what kinds of civilian posts member states agree to fund. UNCIPPO data also permit more nuanced analyses of the impact of civilian personnel on mission effectiveness. We illustrate this by re-examining Blair, Di Salvatore, and Smidt's (2023) study of the effect of civilian staff on host country democratization, showing that the observed effect is driven by international staff—countering a surprising negative national staff effect—and that staff in units with democracy-related tasks contribute more significantly to this effect than staff in other units. The dataset opens new avenues for research on peacekeeping operations (for example, on peacekeeping resourcing and effectiveness) and IOs more generally (for instance, on the politics of budgeting, the growth of transnational expertise, and the profiles of international bureaucrats).","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Responding to Unilateral Challenges to International Institutions 应对国际机构面临的单边挑战

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf022

Stefanie Walter, Nicole Plotke-Scherly

{"title":"Responding to Unilateral Challenges to International Institutions","authors":"Stefanie Walter, Nicole Plotke-Scherly","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf022","url":null,"abstract":"s How do international institutions respond to unilateral challenges by its member states, such as non-compliance, blocking of reforms, renegotiation requests, or withdrawal? This paper argues that this response depends on a trade-off between the risks of not accommodating the challenge, which could disrupt cooperation gains, and the risks of accommodating, which may embolden future challengers. International institutions aim to minimize costs, accommodating challenges when cooperation losses are high, and resisting when the risk of contagion is significant. When both risks are large, they face an “accommodation dilemma” and politically charged negotiations with the challenging country. We evaluate this framework with a comparative case study of fourteen referendum-endorsed challenges to international institutions, analyzing cases that varied in cooperation gains at risk and contagion risks. The analysis shows that across a range of different issues and institutions, the framework helps us better understand why member states respond differently to such challenges and why some challenges are resolved easily whereas others become conflictual. By developing a widely applicable theoretical framework and a versatile coding scheme, the paper contributes to a better understanding of how international institutions respond to contestation and the populist and nationalist backlash against global governance.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Public Support for Green, Inclusive, and Resilient Growth Conditionality in International Monetary Fund Bailouts 公众对国际货币基金组织救助中绿色、包容和弹性增长条件的支持

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf018

Mirko Heinzel, Andreas Kern, Saliha Metinsoy, Bernhard Reinsberg

引用次数: 0

Balancing International Commitments and Democratic Accountability: Exit Clauses in Investment Agreements 平衡国际承诺与民主问责：投资协议中的退出条款

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-17 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf012

Tuuli-Anna Huikuri, Sujeong Shim

引用次数: 0

When Heads of Government and State (HOGS) Fly: Introducing the Country and Organizational Leader Travel (COLT) Dataset Measuring Foreign Travel by HOGS 当政府首脑和国家元首（HOGS）飞：介绍国家和组织领导人旅行（COLT）数据集，测量猪出国旅行

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf013

Jonathan D Moyer, Collin J Meisel, Adam Szymanski-Burgos, Andrew C Scott, Matteo C M Casiraghi, Alexandra Kurkul, Marianne Hughes, Whitney Kettlun, Kylie X McKee, Austin S Matthews

{"title":"When Heads of Government and State (HOGS) Fly: Introducing the Country and Organizational Leader Travel (COLT) Dataset Measuring Foreign Travel by HOGS","authors":"Jonathan D Moyer, Collin J Meisel, Adam Szymanski-Burgos, Andrew C Scott, Matteo C M Casiraghi, Alexandra Kurkul, Marianne Hughes, Whitney Kettlun, Kylie X McKee, Austin S Matthews","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf013","url":null,"abstract":"Despite representing a crucial day-to-day diplomatic tool, travel by heads of government and state (HOGS) has remained an under-investigated topic in international relations, inhibiting our ability to better understand how these visits change foreign aid, interstate conflict, diplomatic affinities, and more. Here, we fill that gap by introducing the first global dataset on the foreign visits of state leaders, the Country and Organizational Leader Travel (COLT) dataset, which allows us to present descriptive analysis and assess the monadic and dyadic drivers of foreign travel by HOGS. We find evidence consistent with previous literature explaining the motives of leader travel: development, trade, conflict, institutional co-membership, and regime type. In addition, we show a potential further application of the dataset, presenting original results on the relation between diplomatic visits and international trade. Overall, these data represent a unique indicator of international interaction that cuts across levels of analysis.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Military Gender Advisors, Organizational Change, and Transformational Opportunities: The Discrepancy between Policy and Practice 军事性别顾问、组织变革和转型机会：政策与实践之间的差异

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-08 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf015

Eleanor Gordon, Katrina Lee-Koo

{"title":"Military Gender Advisors, Organizational Change, and Transformational Opportunities: The Discrepancy between Policy and Practice","authors":"Eleanor Gordon, Katrina Lee-Koo","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf015","url":null,"abstract":"Military Gender Advisors (GENADs) are an increasingly common feature in global armed forces and military operations. Their role is designed to operate at the strategic level of military organizations to the facilitate implementation of the United Nations Women, Peace, and Security agenda. Despite an overarching policy framework and official discourse that value and support their work, GENADs face significant challenges that undermine their ability to succeed in their roles. This article employs a feminist institutionalist lens to investigate the disconnect between policy and practice, and draws from empirical qualitative data gathered from in-depth interviews with serving and former military GENADs and other stakeholders across twenty-one countries. The article argues that despite strong rhetorical support and a visible global policy framework underpinning the work of GENADs, institutional practices informed by normative assumptions about gender, women, and militaries undermine the effectiveness of the GENAD capability. Through this investigation, this article contributes to conceptual and theoretical understandings around gender-responsive transformation within the organizational and cultural practices of militaries.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why International Organizations Don’t Learn: Dissent Suppression as a Source of IO Dysfunction 为什么国际组织不学习：压制异议是国际组织功能失调的根源

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf008

Ben Christian

{"title":"Why International Organizations Don’t Learn: Dissent Suppression as a Source of IO Dysfunction","authors":"Ben Christian","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf008","url":null,"abstract":"International organizations (IOs) need to learn from their mistakes in order to improve their performance. Over the past decades, IOs have therefore invested significantly in building a professional learning infrastructure. However, as recent studies show, many IOs still struggle to learn from their mistakes. Why do IOs not learn despite all these formal learning processes and tools? I argue that the internal “criticism culture”—the way IOs deal with criticism from their own employees—is an overlooked but crucial variable that can help us explain the lack of learning in IOs. To illustrate this argument, I draw on an in-depth case study of the UN Secretariat and more than 50 interviews with UN staff members. First, I show that the internal criticism culture in the UN Secretariat’s Peace and Security Pillar is repressive and self-restrained. Second, I demonstrate that this criticism culture leads to a double blockade that prevents the organization’s formal learning infrastructure from performing as intended: UN employees do not dare to voice criticism in official formats, and “learning products” are glossed over as they move up the ranks. As a consequence, the IO lacks a necessary stimulus for learning, which results in performance problems.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distrustful in Domestic Politics, Self-Confident in Foreign Policy: The Populist Paradox, Domain-Specific Attention, and Leadership Trait Analysis 国内政治的不信任，外交政策的自信：民粹主义悖论、特定领域关注与领导特质分析

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf007

Stephan Fouquet, Klaus Brummer

{"title":"Distrustful in Domestic Politics, Self-Confident in Foreign Policy: The Populist Paradox, Domain-Specific Attention, and Leadership Trait Analysis","authors":"Stephan Fouquet, Klaus Brummer","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf007","url":null,"abstract":"Paradoxically, research on the international dimensions and effects of populism finds that populist leaders’ politicization frequently portrays domestic and foreign “elites” as intertwined—but that their decision-making tends to be considerably more antagonistic vis-à-vis internal opponents than established external actors. Combining structural and agential perspectives, this paper unboxes the individual micro-factors feeding into this paradox by analytically disentangling domain-specific personality traits. To explore whether populist leaders’ individual characteristics vary or remain stable in domestic politics and foreign policy, we conduct a novel domain-specific leadership trait analysis of eleven populist chief executives around the globe. On the one hand, we find limited and rather heterogeneous variation in most individual characteristics, including need for power and conceptual complexity. On the other hand, the great majority of profiled leaders display higher foreign self-confidence and higher domestic distrust. We conclude that particular tendencies toward fearful blanket suspicions of other powerful internal actors and more self-assured case-by-case judgments of external counterparts matter to understand why populist decision-makers often produce confrontational domestic but relatively cooperative foreign policy records. These personality-level inferences support recent IR scholarship about the international opportunities for populist leadership, personalistic foreign policy decision-making, and the primarily domestic logic of intermestic “people-versus-elite” politicization.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0