Allison Carnegie, Aleksandra Gracheva, Adam Lichtenheld, Dipali Mukhopadhyay
{"title":"Balancing Act: Coercion, Terrorism, and Regime Stability","authors":"Allison Carnegie, Aleksandra Gracheva, Adam Lichtenheld, Dipali Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqag054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqag054","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial literature seeks to understand the drivers and consequences of foreign policy instruments that states employ to change the behavior of other states. We argue that this body of work—and the surrounding policy discourse—often miscategorizes or misunderstands the goals of these instruments in the important set of cases involving the threat of terrorism. We contend that the deployment of these instruments depends on the relationship between the target regime and the coercing state and the degree to which the coercing state perceives a terrorist threat emanating from the target’s territory. We develop a typology that characterizes and predicts foreign policy approaches as a function of these two concerns. We theorize that, in cases where the target regime is adversarial and where a distinct terrorist threat is perceived, the coercer employs a balancing approach. It seeks to apply enough pressure to keep the target regime weak, but not so much that the regime collapses, which could allow extremist non-state actors to assume control. We use in-depth case studies of US foreign policy in Syria and Afghanistan to contest the common narrative that sanctions fail and, instead, contend that maintaining regime limbo often serves US goals and interests as defined in the post-9/11 era.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Slave Empire: Ottoman Islamic Slavery and State Formation","authors":"J C Sharman","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqag052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqag052","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic slavery provided a distinctive, inherently internationalized model of successful state formation that illustrates important variations in institutional diffusion. Focusing on the Ottoman Empire, this paper shows how slaves constituted the military-administrative institutions conventionally associated with the modern state before their European counterparts, in particular, a professional standing army. Reproducing Islamic slavery necessitated enslaving outsiders, and hence the external and internal faces of this institution were co-constitutive. Confounding expectations of the diffusion of superior institutional innovations, Europeans failed to emulate military-administrative slavery, illuminating deep-seated normative barriers to functional adaptation in the West and, more generally, highlighting cultural preconditions for mechanisms of diffusion. Later, an abolitionist “standard of civilization” legitimated European coercive institutional diffusion imposed on the Ottomans and other Muslim powers, ending Islamic slavery and hence a distinctive Islamic political model.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“The many metaphors of silence: Conceptualizing silence as a collaborative structure”","authors":"Jenna Norosky","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqag053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqag053","url":null,"abstract":"s Silence is a powerful metaphor, but functions as a black box within which many distinct social phenomena coexist. Consequently, metaphorical slippage makes it difficult to operationalize silence in empirical research. First, I show the need for greater metaphorical specification in the study of silence through the example of silence as a collaborative structure: a wide-spanning silence appearing as a unitary object which, behind its opacity, is sustained by various intersecting but distinct trajectories of silence and silencing. Empirically understanding these collaborative structures thus requires attentiveness to the interplay between the modalities of silence represented through different metaphors. Next, I demonstrate the utility of this concept for the study of IR through a brief discussion of the global silence on conflict-related sexual violence against men and boys. Considering the issue’s increased recognition, I conclude with a cautionary explication of how the framing of CRSV against men and boys as a “silenced” issue limits approaches to addressing the problem and adversely impacts intra-network advocacy relationships. This underscores the significance of the unique methodological problems with studying silence involving the imposition of the “horizon of expectation”.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148589097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Buying Hearts and Minds, Securing Blue Helmets: UN Quick Impact Projects and Violence against Peacekeepers","authors":"Jori Breslawski, Jacob D Kathman","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqag049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqag049","url":null,"abstract":"United Nations peacekeeping operations have come under threat, with peacekeepers facing attacks by armed groups. One way that the UN has sought to generate support for its missions is through Quick Impact Projects (QIPs)—small-scale, low-cost, visible projects, carried out in consultation with local communities. Do QIPs increase, decrease, or have no effect on violence against peacekeepers? We argue that QIPs decrease violence against peacekeepers by building support from the civilian population, increasing civilians’ willingness to provide intelligence to peacekeepers and allowing blue helmets to more effectively avoid or thwart subsequent attacks. We test the relationship between QIPs and violence against peacekeepers using geo-located data from the Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, and South Sudan. We find that as QIPs in a given district increase, armed group violence against peacekeepers subsequently decreases.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148415504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patterns of Indirect Violence in Conventional War: Territorial Contestation and Civilian Casualties during the War in Ukraine","authors":"Mikael Hiberg Naghizadeh, Seung Hoon Chae","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqag051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqag051","url":null,"abstract":"s Indirect violence involving methods such as artillery shelling and aerial bombardment remains an underexplored aspect of conflict, largely due to the rarity of disaggregated data. This article estimates the impact of such violence on civilians by analyzing how territorial contestation influenced civilian casualties from Russian shelling near the frontlines in Ukraine. Drawing on granular conflict data, we find that civilian casualties from indirect violence were significantly higher during local Russian offensives, consistent with a doctrine of clearing the way through intensive bombardment. In contrast, this effect was not observed during Russian retreats, nor during local stalemates, which were marked by greater military casualties only. These relationships hold when proxies for civilian evacuation are included. We conclude that the study of indirect violence should consider how changing battlefield dynamics expose civilians to harm, especially the relationship between casualties and territorial contestation.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148409020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moral Hazard in the Global Financial Safety Net: Evidence from Bilateral Swap Agreements","authors":"Qi Liu, Xun Pang","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqag050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqag050","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has intensified the cross-border transmission of financial risk, placing the Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN) at the core of international economic stability. Since the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, bilateral swap agreements (BSAs) have expanded rapidly, now exceeding International Monetary Fund (IMF) resources and fundamentally reshaping the architecture of global financial co-operation. While observers frequently warn that BSAs may induce moral hazard, systematic theoretical and empirical assessments remain scarce. We develop a network-based argument of moral hazard, arguing that states’ incentives to safeguard depend on their positions within the BSA network. We test theoretical expectations with an original dataset of global BSAs and causal inference techniques. The findings uncover a dual dynamic: central creditor states adopt more prudent positions, expanding their liquidity provision capacity by nearly 20 percentage points to reinforce network stability, whereas peripheral debtor states exhibit significant moral hazard, reducing their self-insurance by roughly 8 percentage points. This study shows that BSAs both diffuse the burden of liquidity provision and reallocate financial risk. In doing so, they generate new systemic vulnerabilities, shift the key currency system away from unilateral reliance on the United States toward burden-sharing among core central banks, and raise emerging challenges for domestic accountability in global financial governance.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148401476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Globalization and Political Protests: The Role of Imported Movies","authors":"Lu Sun, Quan Li","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqag016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqag016","url":null,"abstract":"We study how political protest movies produced by and imported from democratic countries influence anti-government demonstrations in autocratic countries. We argue that public consumption of imported protest movies increases anti-government demonstrations by inducing imitation or copycat behaviors, facilitating coordination and social networking, and imparting democratic values. To test our argument, we compile and analyze a novel dataset on political protest movies from 2000 to 2018. We find that widely watched protest movies have a significant positive impact on anti-government demonstrations. Our instrumental variable estimation, along with a battery of placebo tests, provides further empirical support. Neither little-watched protest movies nor widely watched family romance movies affect protests, and widely watched imported protest movies do not impact prior political protests in autocracies or subsequent political protests in democracies. Our research contributes to the scholarship on the effects of globalization, foreign media, and international service trade, highlighting the role of foreign culture in shaping political outcomes.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147501991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Migration, Remittances, and Petty Corruption in Africa","authors":"Alex Yeandle, David Doyle","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqag015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqag015","url":null,"abstract":"Driven by rising access to mobile money and growing diaspora communities, remittances to African countries have reached record highs. Yet while scholars have connected aggregate remittance flows to macro-level political change, we know little about how these transfers shape individual-level dynamics among recipients. Since private sector markets are weak in many parts of Africa, we argue that recipients cannot easily substitute government services and so use their outside income to seek preferential access to them instead. This increases exposure to bribes from public officials, driving broader perceptions of corruption and reducing willingness to pay tax. We present evidence from survey data across the African continent, a pre-registered list experiment in Ghana, and in-depth focus group discussions with recipients. We also introduce novel measures of remittances that capture distinct dimensions of receipt and compare dynamics across them. The paper contributes to the literature on remittances and political behavior, alongside ongoing policy debates about cash transfers, corruption, and institutional development.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From Bullets to Balance Sheets: How Military Involvement in the Economy Shapes Leader Survival","authors":"Roya Izadi","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf082","url":null,"abstract":"From producing consumer goods to managing clubs, banks, and other for-profit firms, many militaries generate revenues that are not part of the military budget and are far removed from the realm of military affairs, and have adverse consequences for societies. Despite their significance, causes and consequences of such activities are largely unexplored. This article investigates the impact of military economic activities on propensity for coups. It argues that as the military expands its role in the economy, it gains both the incentives and opportunities to stage coups. However, this effect varies by rank. Military-run enterprises function as a double-edged sword: while they provide rent-seeking opportunities that reduce the likelihood of rebellion among mid- and low-ranking officers, they also embolden senior officers, for whom economic control becomes a political stake. Leaders may use economic privileges to co-opt mid and lower ranking officers, but as military builds more economic capital, senior officers become less dependent on civilian leadership and more likely to stage coups. Using an original dataset of over 2,800 economic enterprises owned/run by militaries for all countries from 1950 to 2020, I show that coup risk significantly increases as military economic involvement increases, and such coups are primarily led by senior officers.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145532015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Home Field Advantage: How Developer Identity Shapes Public Opinion about Energy Projects in Major Emerging Economies","authors":"Meir Alkon, Jennifer Hadden","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf078","url":null,"abstract":"Building new energy infrastructure in emerging economies is a key pillar of global sustainable development, with the current project pipeline encompassing both foreign and domestic-led projects. But despite widespread need, energy projects are frequently criticized and opposed by citizens. Drawing on a conjoint experiment fielded in three major emerging economies, we examine the behavioral foundations of the political process underlying energy infrastructure development and siting. This paper asks: how does the identity of the developer affect public opinion regarding energy infrastructure projects? We find that respondents strongly prefer domestic to foreign developers and express lower political support for politicians who bring in foreign-developed projects. Using statistical analyses and qualitative interviews, we establish the importance of concerns including pollution, employment, and project quality. These findings have implications for understanding public opposition to energy infrastructure as well as the role of international investment in accelerating the global green energy transition.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145492406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}