International Studies Quarterly最新文献

Where Have All the Experts Gone? The Shifting Marketplace for Foreign Policy Ideas on Capitol Hill 专家都到哪里去了？国会山外交政策思想的变化市场

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf035

Daniel W Drezner, Linda L Fowler

{"title":"Where Have All the Experts Gone? The Shifting Marketplace for Foreign Policy Ideas on Capitol Hill","authors":"Daniel W Drezner, Linda L Fowler","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf035","url":null,"abstract":"s US foreign policy observers have noted a decline in the frequency of expert witnesses appearing before congressional committees, while congressional scholars have documented changes in committee practices that have led to fewer and shorter hearings. These trends interact in systematic ways, although their relationship has never been tested empirically. Using original data and micro-level measures of individual hearings by the national security committees of the House and Senate, we demonstrate how time constraints and routine responsibilities limit the number of opportunities for expert witnesses from 1995 to 2020. We find some influence for chamber polarization on witness totals but less impact on the type of experts. We uncover significant differences among individual committees in their use of academics and think tank representatives. Our study is unique in its focus on both chambers, inclusion of closed hearings, differentiation between academics and think tank representatives, and attention to the public salience of foreign affairs. Shrinkage in the official marketplace of foreign policy ideas warrants concern, highlighting the executive branch's increasing dominance over military and diplomatic decisions, diminished legislative capacity, and public disinterest in international affairs.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Politics of Gender Mainstreaming in Foreign Aid 外援中的性别主流化政治

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf033

Simone Dietrich, Daniela Donno, Katharina Fleiner, Alice Iannantuoni

{"title":"The Politics of Gender Mainstreaming in Foreign Aid","authors":"Simone Dietrich, Daniela Donno, Katharina Fleiner, Alice Iannantuoni","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf033","url":null,"abstract":"Gender mainstreaming—the incorporation of a gender equality perspective into the design, implementation, and evaluation of all aid projects—has become a signature policy tool among Western donors. However, advancing gender equality can be politically contentious and lead to backlash, particularly in autocratic regimes where women’s socioeconomic status is low. We argue that donors’ desire for recipient government buy-in creates incentives for them to pay attention to domestic policy cues, whose salience varies across regime types. Employing detailed data from the OECD’s Gender Equality Policy Marker, we show that donors engage differently with democracies and autocracies. Among democratic recipients, those with higher legal status for women have less gender mainstreaming aid, suggesting a “needs-based” logic. Conversely, in autocracies, donors respond positively to policy cues indicating the (domestic) political acceptability of gender equality. Our findings underscore the importance of treating gender mainstreaming as a distinct category of assistance whose application is attuned to domestic implementation problems. Beyond the study of foreign aid, we offer insights into how international audiences may interpret policy cues differently depending on regime type.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovation and Interdependence: Evidence from Gene-Editing Technology 创新与相互依赖：来自基因编辑技术的证据

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf032

Cleo O’Brien-Udry, Tyler Pratt

{"title":"Innovation and Interdependence: Evidence from Gene-Editing Technology","authors":"Cleo O’Brien-Udry, Tyler Pratt","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf032","url":null,"abstract":"Technological breakthroughs carry great promise but often escalate economic competition and heighten public anxiety, creating new challenges for governments. We argue that breakthroughs trigger two distinct mechanisms that reshape regulatory politics: (1) accelerated incentives for regulatory arbitrage and (2) the potential for controversies to spark international public backlash. First, technological advancement generates forum-shopping behavior as private actors race to develop the new technology. Researchers and firms may seek to evade national rules by relocating to more permissive jurisdictions. Second, public unease about new technologies creates the potential for backlash in the wake of controversial applications. This backlash can spill across borders: accidents or misuse in one jurisdiction undermine support for research and commercial development elsewhere. Together, these processes link the regulatory fate of states, undermining their ability to regulate in isolation. We test and find evidence for these mechanisms in the domain of gene editing, a field that has been transformed by the introduction of CRISPR technology in 2012. Our theory and findings shed new light on the regulatory politics of breakthrough technologies.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Dyadic Method to Investigate Voting Behavior in the Council of the European Union 研究欧盟理事会投票行为的二元方法

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf029

Arash Pourebrahimi, Madeleine O Hosli, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz

{"title":"A Dyadic Method to Investigate Voting Behavior in the Council of the European Union","authors":"Arash Pourebrahimi, Madeleine O Hosli, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf029","url":null,"abstract":"s Using a dyadic approach to explore voting behavior of European Union (EU) member states in the Council of the EU, we investigate the similarity in voting behavior of governments on three policy dimensions: left-right, authoritarian-libertarian, and pro-/anti EU. These policy dimensions are of interest also in other contexts, such as decision-making in international or regional organizations other than the EU. Our dependent variable is based on a new data collection covering the time 2010–2021. Our analysis, employing random effects binary and ordinal logistic regression applied to relations between EU states, confirms that larger distances of governments represented in the Council on these policy dimensions combined are related to larger distances of their vote choices. Larger distances affecting different vote choices within dyads are also confirmed for the pro-/anti EU policy dimension. Moreover, we find that closeness of member states in terms of their budget positions and of domestic public opinion on the EU are related to voting similarities. Member state differences in terms of voting power, by comparison, lead to less divergence of vote choice, for decisions based on the qualified majority voting rule. The length of EU membership, however, does not affect vote choice similarities.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143872811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

International Human Rights Law and Women’s Access to Abortion 国际人权法与妇女获得堕胎的机会

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf028

Amelia Gaudio, Ryan M Welch

{"title":"International Human Rights Law and Women’s Access to Abortion","authors":"Amelia Gaudio, Ryan M Welch","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf028","url":null,"abstract":"Can international law protect abortion rights? Drawing from past work on domestic mechanisms that give international law teeth, we argue that a strong civil society composed of women's groups and groups concerned with women's rights leads the government to comply with its international human rights commitments to women, specifically their right to abortion. Unlike that past work, though, we draw attention to the ways in which civil society can leverage the depth of their government's international legal commitment. Highly legalized commitments—those characterized by higher obligation, precision, and delegation—should help groups mobilize and give them access to international legal forums that can credibly threaten the government. Based on this argument, we expect countries that have ratified the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women's Optional Protocol, a highly legalized treaty, to protect women's rights to abortion when women's civil society participation is high. Estimating several statistical models to test our expectations, the results lend credence to the argument. Highly legalized commitments allow civil society actors to hold governments accountable to those commitments leading to more liberalized abortion rights protections.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting Central Bank Independence in the World: An Extended Dataset 重新审视世界中央银行独立性：一个扩展的数据集

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf024

Ana Carolina Garriga

{"title":"Revisiting Central Bank Independence in the World: An Extended Dataset","authors":"Ana Carolina Garriga","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf024","url":null,"abstract":"s How has central bank independence (CBI) changed over time and across countries? This paper introduces the most comprehensive dataset on de jure CBI, including country-year observations covering 192 countries between 1970 and 2023. The dataset identifies statutory reforms affecting CBI, their direction, and codes four dimensions of CBI (personnel independence, central bank's objectives, policy formulation, and limits on lending). It includes two CBI indices and a regional diffusion variable. The broader coverage of this dataset has important implications. First, although this dataset coding decisions are generally consistent with previous research, countries included only in this dataset tend to have lower CBI and differ in other dimensions with those previously coded. This suggests that systematically missing data in other data sources may have effects on inferences. Second, extended temporal coverage allows analyzing the evolution of central bank governance for more than a decade since the Global Financial Crisis. Finally, the data show that although there is a global tendency towards more CBI, there is significant variance across and within regions, including numerous reforms reducing CBI in the past two decades. This data contribution is important for research beyond the study of monetary institutions and their effects.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Temporal Politics of Inevitability: Mass Death during the COVID-19 Pandemic 不可避免的时间政治：COVID-19 大流行期间的大规模死亡

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf023

Katharine M Millar, Yuna Han, Martin J Bayly

{"title":"The Temporal Politics of Inevitability: Mass Death during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Katharine M Millar, Yuna Han, Martin J Bayly","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf023","url":null,"abstract":"Many international phenomena, from complex, interconnected processes to specific catastrophes, have been deemed “inevitable” by elites, policymakers, and scholars. Yet existing scholarship treats “inevitability” as an objective fact to be assessed retrospectively, rather than an expression of politics and contestation. To see the “politics of inevitability,” we argue, requires attention to the underlying politics of time through which inevitability is narrated and naturalized. Drawing upon the “temporal turn” in IR, we identify three constitutive practices of inevitability: problem definition, designations of agency and responsibility, and distribution throughout a political community. Empirically, we illustrate our argument through a discourse analysis of how mass death was produced as “inevitable” (or not) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The politics of inevitability does not cause the outcomes that are deemed inevitable, but through narrating time in a particular way, it provides the conditions in which certain policy choices become imaginable and/or desirable. This has vital implications for the ways that other future events are cast as inevitable, including climate change, war, and future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Memory Make Safe in the Wake of Atrocity? Pacification of Violent Pasts, Memory Labor, and Everyday Security 暴行过后，记忆能带来安全吗？平息暴力的过去、记忆劳动和日常安全

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf011

Andrea Purdeková

{"title":"Does Memory Make Safe in the Wake of Atrocity? Pacification of Violent Pasts, Memory Labor, and Everyday Security","authors":"Andrea Purdeková","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf011","url":null,"abstract":"Does commemoration of violence enhance or undermine everyday security? Whilst memorialization has become a staple of peacebuilding processes, the everyday security dimensions of memory remain understudied. Drawing on three case studies of recent transitional justice memory initiatives in Eastern and Central Africa—Rwanda, Burundi, and Kenya– and on qualitative fieldwork in all three countries, the paper shows that elites are vested in the pacification of memory—careful management of the perceived threatening aspects of memory—rather than in its emancipatory potential, with profound implications for everyday material and physical security. People’s production and consumption of memorialization in context of securitized memory reproduce forms of insecurity—in material sense of extractive labor when producing witness testimony or research on memory, in the sense of physical threats when probing silences or challenging hegemonic narratives of the past, and in the form of retraumatization during memorialization. These everyday insecurities constrict the emancipatory and peacebuilding potential of postatrocity memory initiatives, as evidenced by very different types of war–peace transition, mass violence, and political regime. The paper contributes to debates on critical security and everyday IR by theorizing the memory-security nexus as a domain of lived experience in conflict-affected contexts.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introducing the UNCIPPO (UN Civilian Posts in Peacekeeping Operations) Dataset 介绍联合国维持和平行动文职员额数据集

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf021

Jessica Di Salvatore, Kseniya Oksamytna, Katharina P Coleman

{"title":"Introducing the UNCIPPO (UN Civilian Posts in Peacekeeping Operations) Dataset","authors":"Jessica Di Salvatore, Kseniya Oksamytna, Katharina P Coleman","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf021","url":null,"abstract":"This research note presents a dataset on budgeted civilian personnel posts in UN peacekeeping operations by mission, unit, rank, and staff category in the 1991–2020 period: the UNCIPPO (UN Civilian Posts in Peacekeeping Operations) Dataset. Civilian staff in UN peacekeeping operations include specialists in political affairs, human rights, gender, child protection, electoral support, security sector reform, strategic communications, and information analysis, among others. Our coding of almost three hundred UN budget documents reveals what kinds of civilian posts member states agree to fund. UNCIPPO data also permit more nuanced analyses of the impact of civilian personnel on mission effectiveness. We illustrate this by re-examining Blair, Di Salvatore, and Smidt's (2023) study of the effect of civilian staff on host country democratization, showing that the observed effect is driven by international staff—countering a surprising negative national staff effect—and that staff in units with democracy-related tasks contribute more significantly to this effect than staff in other units. The dataset opens new avenues for research on peacekeeping operations (for example, on peacekeeping resourcing and effectiveness) and IOs more generally (for instance, on the politics of budgeting, the growth of transnational expertise, and the profiles of international bureaucrats).","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Responding to Unilateral Challenges to International Institutions 应对国际机构面临的单边挑战

IF 2.6 1区社会学

International Studies Quarterly Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI: 10.1093/isq/sqaf022

Stefanie Walter, Nicole Plotke-Scherly

{"title":"Responding to Unilateral Challenges to International Institutions","authors":"Stefanie Walter, Nicole Plotke-Scherly","doi":"10.1093/isq/sqaf022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf022","url":null,"abstract":"s How do international institutions respond to unilateral challenges by its member states, such as non-compliance, blocking of reforms, renegotiation requests, or withdrawal? This paper argues that this response depends on a trade-off between the risks of not accommodating the challenge, which could disrupt cooperation gains, and the risks of accommodating, which may embolden future challengers. International institutions aim to minimize costs, accommodating challenges when cooperation losses are high, and resisting when the risk of contagion is significant. When both risks are large, they face an “accommodation dilemma” and politically charged negotiations with the challenging country. We evaluate this framework with a comparative case study of fourteen referendum-endorsed challenges to international institutions, analyzing cases that varied in cooperation gains at risk and contagion risks. The analysis shows that across a range of different issues and institutions, the framework helps us better understand why member states respond differently to such challenges and why some challenges are resolved easily whereas others become conflictual. By developing a widely applicable theoretical framework and a versatile coding scheme, the paper contributes to a better understanding of how international institutions respond to contestation and the populist and nationalist backlash against global governance.","PeriodicalId":48313,"journal":{"name":"International Studies Quarterly","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0