Political Geography最新文献_第6页

Dissent is the word: New evidence on municipal turnout after amalgamation 异议即话语：合并后市政投票率的新证据

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103157

Silvia Bolgherini , Vincenzo Mollisi

{"title":"Dissent is the word: New evidence on municipal turnout after amalgamation","authors":"Silvia Bolgherini , Vincenzo Mollisi","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evidence on the electoral participation at the municipal level usually points to a detrimental effect of an enlarged size (due to amalgamation) at the following municipal elections. Differently from most previous studies, our results show an overall positive effect of amalgamation on municipal turnout. In a quasi-experimental Difference-in-difference design following Callaway and Sant’Anna (2020) applied to the Italian case, we find that the cross- and within municipal heterogeneity emerges as a crucial lens for explaining such evidence. In particular, turnout after merger is affected by the level of dissent in the referenda held before the mergers: municipalities with higher dissent towards amalgamation show higher turnout at the following municipal election. This suggests possible electoral mobilization effects in controversial amalgamations. Moreover, final municipal size per se does not explain turnout after amalgamation and larger units do not necessarily vote less than smaller ones, thus rivaling the traditional claim that a larger size should depress municipal turnout.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001069/pdfft?md5=99c7c1303643de044b2dcc7dce0804f5&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141481686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Streets of memory: Urban practices of civil antimafia resistance 记忆之街：民间反黑手党抵抗的城市实践

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103156

Giuseppe Muti , Gianluigi Salvucci

引用次数: 0

Blooming activism in a drying land water justice movements along river Tigris in Iraq 在伊拉克底格里斯河沿岸干涸的土地上，水正义运动蓬勃发展

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103159

Andrea Rizzi , Peter P. Mollinga

{"title":"Blooming activism in a drying land water justice movements along river Tigris in Iraq","authors":"Andrea Rizzi , Peter P. Mollinga","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores water justice struggles in the understudied region of Iraq and Iraqi Kurdistan through a focus on two water justice movements, one civil society campaign, and a related event. While most of the relevant literature in geography and cognate fields has thoroughly dissected inter-State hydropolitical quarrels, discussed water justice from a legal perspective, and analysed water conflicts, less attention has been paid to bottom-up movements, to their visions and actions within a materially and socially challenging environment, and to their engagement with the state. Relying on published material as well as primary research, we show how Iraqi water activists seek to strike a balance between engaging institutions and moving beyond them, across ethno-religious divides and advocacy registers, in their quest to re-signify and re-common waterscapes. We argue that it is not despite all odds, but rather <em>because</em> of all odds, that Iraqi activists showcase such a developed awareness of their role and transformative potential along the rugged path of democratisation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001082/pdfft?md5=c76e14cd3532046ad21cd6f5a3644dfb&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001082-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An urban political ecology of populism 民粹主义的城市政治生态

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103153

Joris Gort, Alex Loftus

{"title":"An urban political ecology of populism","authors":"Joris Gort, Alex Loftus","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we develop a relational understanding of populism informed by urban political ecology. We argue that an urban political ecology of populism is necessary for a popular-democratic denunciation of the environmental claims of the far right. This article thereby aims to further develop a critique of liberal environmentalism and right-wing populism. We do so by first staging a dialogue between literatures in urban political ecology and Gramscian inflected readings of populism. Both have sought to interpret how spatial – and ecological – claim making becomes central to struggles over hegemony. The second half of the paper analyses these tensions in the Dutch farmers movement, which has become one of the most important political forces in the Netherlands since 2019. Abstracting “the local”, “the rural” or “the farm” out of the broader processes of urbanisation is central to struggles over the representation of farmers. Right-wing movements thus seek to further a broader disillusionment with formal politics, while effectively deploying spatial and ecological abstractions that pit the “rural” against the “urban”. We conclude by instead emphasising the crucial connections between populism and ecology, and call for a popular-democratic political ecology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001021/pdfft?md5=05dfd5099d9b189e8d77c3e807dfa6bd&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141480734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The blatant phenomenon of 'election-driven legalization of informality' 选举驱动的非正规性合法化 "的公然现象

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103155

Elvina Merkaj , Drini Imami , Dorina Pojani , Endrit Lami

{"title":"The blatant phenomenon of 'election-driven legalization of informality'","authors":"Elvina Merkaj , Drini Imami , Dorina Pojani , Endrit Lami","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Informal construction has been rife in Albanian cities since the fall of communism in 1990. This study investigates the fluctuations in the housing legalization process in conjunction with national and local elections in Albania from 2008 to 2021. Government revenues from legalization fees are used as a proxy for the pace of the legalization process. The key finding is that the legalization of informal buildings intensifies prior to an election and drops afterwards, suggesting that the process is politically driven. This phenomenon is termed Election-Driven Legalization of Informality (EDLI) and is part and parcel of the shadow economy in urban Albania. In combination with another phenomenon known as Election-Driven Informality (EDI), EDLI produces a vicious circle. First, informal construction is enabled or tolerated before an election to curry favor with voters; that is EDI at work. Then, EDLI comes into play: before the next election, the informal buildings are legalized in a rush, again for the purpose of garnering voter support. These practices, which are perpetrated by both sides of the political spectrum, are both unethical and unsustainable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001045/pdfft?md5=88b7efe498176564b44f21d313867b92&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the move: Autocratic leaders, security, and capital relocations 移动中：专制领导人、安全和迁都

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103154

Carl Henrik Knutsen , Lee Morgenbesser , Tore Wig

{"title":"On the move: Autocratic leaders, security, and capital relocations","authors":"Carl Henrik Knutsen , Lee Morgenbesser , Tore Wig","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Why do some countries make the costly decision to relocate their capital city? Existing research offers four general explanations for this momentous action: administrative functionality, economic development, environmental degradation, and national integration. We offer a less sanguine, political explanation: capital relocations offer autocratic leaders a way to mitigate different security threats, including coups, popular protests, and foreign interventions. Using original data on capital relocations in 202 polities after 1789, we test several implications of our argument, at different levels of analysis. First, we show that autocracies are much more likely to relocate their capitals than democracies. Second, using different indicators of internal and external threats, we find that autocracies more likely relocate their capitals when breakdown is looming. Third, running subnational analyses, we find evidence that capitals are relocated to smaller cities and areas less susceptible to urban development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001033/pdfft?md5=1a8cfeb53782a3b9eda80d0bcbef51d4&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001033-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On pipelines, readiness and annotative labour: Political geographies of AI and data infrastructures in Africa 关于管道、准备和注释性劳动：非洲人工智能和数据基础设施的政治地理学

IF 4.1 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103150

Kerry Holden , Matthew Harsh

{"title":"On pipelines, readiness and annotative labour: Political geographies of AI and data infrastructures in Africa","authors":"Kerry Holden , Matthew Harsh","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Data infrastructures are expanding rapidly across African societies, renewing the promise of modernisation, and providing a massive data resource to the dominant tech powers of the world. Google's private undersea cable, named Equiano, landed in west Africa with the intention of igniting data services, smart environments, investment opportunities and jobs. Non-governmental and multilateral agencies are busy supporting African governments in building regulatory frameworks that aim to ‘ready’ countries for the 4th industrial revolution. Young Africans labour in remodelled shipping containers to annotate data and train algorithms. While future promises pan out in wide-angled, utopian visions, this paper sets out an approach to understand African contexts as sites of heterogeneous experience of data infrastructures that are historically and politically contingent. The paper explores the spatial politics of extraction, surveillance, and exploitation in three examples of the Equiano pipeline, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) Readiness Index, and the AI annotative labour force. We challenge the homogenising discourses of global tech companies and transnational governance institutions in accounting for the geographical histories of colonialism and its afterlives in African societies. We further call for empirical studies that examine the granular multiplicities of data, providing nuanced understandings of AI in and from Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824000994/pdfft?md5=f94464e721b0d3a6c201704ebd0591e3&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824000994-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141423042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ethnic-spatial conservation fix: Contradictory tensions between restitution and enclosure within communally owned protected areas in South Africa 种族空间保护问题：南非公有保护区内归还与圈地之间相互矛盾的紧张关系

IF 4.1 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103151

Oscar Mthimkhulu, Adrian Nel

{"title":"The ethnic-spatial conservation fix: Contradictory tensions between restitution and enclosure within communally owned protected areas in South Africa","authors":"Oscar Mthimkhulu, Adrian Nel","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The history of protected areas in South Africa is inextricably linked to the forced removals of rural Black South Africans by the colonial and apartheid governments based on racially discriminatory laws. To redress historical injustices, the South African National Land Reform Programme enabled land claimants to reclaim land rights to their ancestral lands, which may include modern-day protected areas. The collective ownership of communal land has led to the formation of Communal Property Institutions as legal landholding entities for land reform beneficiaries – and the emergence of Communally-Owned Protected Areas (COPAs). This article explores the management and governance intricacies of 12 legally declared COPAs from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Engaging theorisation of ethnic territories, we argue that they represent arguably the strongest example of the extreme flexibility of, and contradictory tensions within, resurgent collectivisation. This is because COPAs accommodate both processes of enclosure and dispossession of access rights and restitution of collective ownership rights and associated benefits through the territorialisation of conservation space. Furthermore, we will argue they are governmentalised in such a way as to represent an ‘ethnic-spatial fix’, not in the sense that it applied to anchor ethnicity in various territories through colonial indirect rule, but in the postcolonial period to fix and (re)territorialise conservation and ecotourism land use through ethnicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0962629824001008/pdfft?md5=280f855f7a636c2b0c7342c5155ed4a0&pid=1-s2.0-S0962629824001008-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141423041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

De-risking, re-balancing and recentralising: Intra-state relations in Chinese-backed transport infrastructure projects in Europe 降低风险、重新平衡和权力下放：中国支持的欧洲交通基础设施项目中的国家内部关系

IF 4.1 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103152

Giles Mohan , Filippo Boni , Samuel Rogers , Florian Schaefer , Yue Wang

{"title":"De-risking, re-balancing and recentralising: Intra-state relations in Chinese-backed transport infrastructure projects in Europe","authors":"Giles Mohan , Filippo Boni , Samuel Rogers , Florian Schaefer , Yue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China's Belt and Road Initiative is the most visible manifestation of the country's wider internationalisation efforts in which infrastructure connectivity projects are central. Existing spatialised narratives of these projects have usefully focused on long-standing geopolitical binaries and bilateral state relations, as well as newer spatial ontologies of corridors, zones and networks. Yet they tend to underplay central-local state relations in the countries receiving Chinese infrastructure investment and so this paper examines these intra-state dynamics through three case studies of Chinese-backed transport projects in Germany, Italy and Hungary. Using Jessop, Brenner and Jones' ‘TPSN’ approach we argue that the promise of these infrastructure projects was virtuous insertion of places into global production networks, but in practice we see the central state over-riding local political actors. In Germany and Italy this is in the name of ‘de-risking’ Chinese investments whereby the re-centralisation of state power is a response to a perceived ‘China threat’. In Hungary, the centralised regime uses major infrastructure for legitimatory purposes and uses the growing connectivity to China as an Eastwards balance to its strained relations with Western Europe. We conclude by arguing that greater attentiveness to spatiality and power are needed in future studies of ‘de-risking’.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096262982400101X/pdfft?md5=9e266c32161522ba3cb0ec313810a0c5&pid=1-s2.0-S096262982400101X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From conflict to coexistence: Reaffirming belonging and property rights through the ‘sons of village’ discourse in post-conflict Kenya 从冲突到共存：在冲突后的肯尼亚，通过 "村庄之子 "话语重申归属感和财产权

IF 4.1 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103148

Fredrick Ajwang

{"title":"From conflict to coexistence: Reaffirming belonging and property rights through the ‘sons of village’ discourse in post-conflict Kenya","authors":"Fredrick Ajwang","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores the puzzle of victims of political violence in Kenya committing to return to contested spaces of their prior victimhood and displacement. It considers how political violence has been brought to bear on understandings of property rights and belonging among Kikuyu victims of political violence in the Burnt Forest area of Uasin Gishu County in Kenya. It is reported that the iteration between the collapse of the multiparty Kenyan state commitment to protect Kikuyu land rights in their state settled areas and the partisan character of neo-customary tenure that restricts the admission of co-ethnic outsiders, induced Kikuyu spontaneous resistance to their spatial political confinement motivating their formulation of an organic discourse of belonging. The article introduces the ‘sons of village’ concept as a bottom-up framework for understanding the informal mechanisms for claiming property rights and belonging in contested spaces in Africa. By challenging notions of belonging rooted in contested histories and emphasizing credible links to land and space, this concept embodies inclusive citizenship with the potential to foster conciliatory relations between previously hostile groups in post-conflict scenarios. The 'sons of village' identification, therefore, offers a promising avenue for fostering positive peace in regions afflicted by chronic violence in Africa and beyond.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0