Political Geography最新文献

Do women commemorate women? How gender and ideology affect decisions on naming female streets

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103244

Víctor Caballero-Cordero , Demetrio Carmona-Derqui , Daniel Oto-Peralías

{"title":"Do women commemorate women? How gender and ideology affect decisions on naming female streets","authors":"Víctor Caballero-Cordero , Demetrio Carmona-Derqui , Daniel Oto-Peralías","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Street names are not neutral identifiers to navigate through cities but are charged with strong symbolic connotations and reflect power relations within society. A growing body of geographic scholarship documents a strong gender bias in the urban namespace, where women only represent a small fraction of streets named after people. This article investigates whether the lack of women in political decision-making roles contributes to explaining their marginalization in urban toponyms. More specifically, we study the impact of the gender and ideology of town mayors on their decisions to commemorate women in the street map. Focusing on the universe of Spanish towns during the period 2001–2023, we find through fixed effects panel data models and regression discontinuity design that the mayor's gender does not affect the percentage of female-named streets, while the ideology of the governing party does. Our findings thus indicate that it is ideology rather than gender what shapes politicians' preferences regarding the commemoration of women in the street map. We argue that this is because, on the one hand, strong political parties can impose their agenda on local leaders, making irrelevant differences in their gender and, on the other, the ideological cleavage is more relevant than the gender one to account for differences in attitudes towards symbolic gender policies. A natural implication of our results is that simply having more female politicians will hardly suffice to address the gender gap in street names and in other symbolically charged policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uneven development and the anti-politics machine: Algorithmic violence and market-based neighborhood rankings

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103247

Dillon Mahmoudi, Dena Aufseeser, Alicia Sabatino

{"title":"Uneven development and the anti-politics machine: Algorithmic violence and market-based neighborhood rankings","authors":"Dillon Mahmoudi, Dena Aufseeser, Alicia Sabatino","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the role of supposedly objective algorithms in producing uneven urban spaces through market-based neighborhood rankings. Focusing on the Market Value Analysis (MVA), we argue that municipal governments' failure to explicitly account for the racialized and class-based production of urban space in ranking algorithms hinders their capacity to foster equitable and vibrant neighborhoods. Instead, these algorithms deepen existing inequalities and reinforce market-based approaches to neighborhood typologies and spatial organization, effectively serving as tools for capital accumulation. Through a comparative analysis of the Market Value Analysis (MVA) and historical Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) maps across 10 cities, we illustrate how the MVA preserves wealth while simultaneously producing poverty in certain areas to benefit affluent landowners. We argue that the MVA typology, presented under the guise of technological objectivity, functions as part of an anti-politics machine that depoliticizes and institutionalizes race- and class-based housing segregation. By positioning city residents as \"customers\" and aligning government spending with market-driven priorities, the MVA algorithm places profit motives above the immediate needs of vulnerable communities. Consequently, it perpetuates and amplifies existing disparities in urban geographies, reinforcing racial capitalism through ostensibly \"objective\" market-based approaches to public policy. Toward realizing a more equitable and just future, our findings challenge claims of the objectivity of technical planning products and instead elucidate the role algorithms can play in the differential valuation of urban territory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103247"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards hydrosocial autonomy within modernity. A long-term analysis (1850–1980) of socio-material fracturing of flood protection infrastructures in an Alpine valley 在现代性中实现水文社会自治。对阿尔卑斯山谷防洪基础设施社会物质断裂的长期分析（1850-1980 年

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103249

Antoine Brochet , Jean-Dominique Creutin , Aida Arik , Yvan Renou

{"title":"Towards hydrosocial autonomy within modernity. A long-term analysis (1850–1980) of socio-material fracturing of flood protection infrastructures in an Alpine valley","authors":"Antoine Brochet , Jean-Dominique Creutin , Aida Arik , Yvan Renou","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper retraces the history of flood risk infrastructure projects (1850–1980) in the Grésivaudan Valley, located immediately upstream of Grenoble (France). It analyses the persistent gap between the modernist paradigm embedded in flood protection projects and the concrete hydraulic infrastructure built along the river and at confluences, questioning their unexpected effects. In this article, we demonstrate that in spite of their apparent fixity, flood protection infrastructures are constantly reshaped within hydrosocial territories. To support this argument, we analyse socio-material fracturing arising from the implementation of flood infrastructure projects. Four autonomisation processes that produce these socio-material fractures are studied: a) a competition between imaginaries at stake; b) a situation of legal pluralism denied by the State; c) an agency of sediments; and d) a conflict between the everyday practices of beneficiaries and planned practices. By reconstructing these processes, we open the black box of the hydrosocial construction and materialisation of hydraulic infrastructure, and contribute to the development of the concept of socio-material fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Volatile campaigns? The effects of shocks on campaign effectiveness in British general elections 竞选活动动荡不定？英国大选中冲击对竞选有效性的影响

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103245

Charles Pattie , David Cutts

{"title":"Volatile campaigns? The effects of shocks on campaign effectiveness in British general elections","authors":"Charles Pattie , David Cutts","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some political events, such as the referendum on the UK's continued membership of the EU in 2016, have the potential to alter substantially the electoral landscape, changing long-standing patterns of party alignment and support. Recent work suggests they also have the capacity to influence where and how much parties' local campaign efforts might affect their support. Analysis of the fallout from the UK's Brexit referendum suggests that after the vote, pro-Brexit parties' campaigns yielded greater rewards the lower the local support for Brexit, while pro-Brexit parties' campaigns became more effective where support for Brexit was higher. In this paper, we subject that claim to further scrutiny. Firstly, we employ alternative measures of campaign intensity with greater coverage of cases to assess whether the findings hold. Secondly, we broaden our understanding by looking at the campaigns of a wider range of parties than in the previous research. Thirdly, we extend the analysis to examine another political shock with major electoral consequences, the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence. Our results broadly confirm previous research findings, but we also uncover some important variations and differences. Parties do not campaign in a vacuum: no matter how professional their operations, the climate of national and local opinion affects their capacity to gain a hearing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103245"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The spatial dimension of political dissent – Centre-periphery dynamics in Sweden 政治异议的空间维度--瑞典的中心-边缘动态

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103248

David Karlsson , Louise Skoog

{"title":"The spatial dimension of political dissent – Centre-periphery dynamics in Sweden","authors":"David Karlsson , Louise Skoog","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces the concept of centre-periphery dynamics, emphasising the multifaceted distribution of political power and resources between central and peripheral areas within a polity. The study examines how these dynamics influence party-political dissent in Swedish local governments. Drawing on data from a comprehensive survey of councillors across Sweden's 290 municipalities, it analyses whether political dissent vary across policy areas such as taxation, refugee reception, and public service locations. The findings indicate that while centre-periphery dynamics does not influence conflict levels in most areas, they significantly affect dissent regarding location of public services. Conflicts are more likely to escalate in municipalities with a larger portion of the population residing outside the administrative centre and spread across a wider area. These results suggest that centre-periphery dynamics play a crucial role in shaping party dissent, particularly on issues relevant to territorial politics, and that the level of dissent primarily depends on the capacity of disadvantaged groups to mobilise and advocate for their interests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103248"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Political neglect and support for the radical right: The case of rural Portugal 政治忽视与激进右翼的支持：葡萄牙农村地区的案例

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103224

Pedro C. Magalhães , João Cancela

{"title":"Political neglect and support for the radical right: The case of rural Portugal","authors":"Pedro C. Magalhães , João Cancela","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Why are rural voters more likely to support radical right parties? This paper examines the mechanisms behind the relationship between living in a rural area and supporting the Portuguese radical-right party <em>Chega</em>. Portugal's radical right is an interesting case study, not only because of its belated but very fast electoral growth but also because Portugal represents an unusual case of economic convergence between urban and rural areas in the last decade, challenging one of the traditional explanations for rural populism — economic grievances. Using data from exit polls from the 2022 and 2024 elections, we start by showing that voters living in a rural area are characterized by disproportionally high levels of support for <em>Chega</em>. Then, using a 2023 face-to-face national survey, we use parallel mediation models to test different mechanisms that relate rurality with the vote for the radical right. We find no evidence that cultural and economic factors play a relevant role in the relationship between rurality and the radical right vote in Portugal. Instead, rural residents are more likely to perceive the areas where they live as <em>politically</em> neglected, and it is this perception that feeds, in turn, into support for the radical right. Political neglect emerges as the key mediating factor, shedding light on the dynamics of radical right-wing populism in rural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fragmenting forest governance: Land tenure and the REDD+ paradox in Kigoma pilot project, Tanzania 支离破碎的森林治理：坦桑尼亚基戈马试点项目中的土地保有权和 REDD+ 悖论

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103234

Emma Jane Lord

{"title":"Fragmenting forest governance: Land tenure and the REDD+ paradox in Kigoma pilot project, Tanzania","authors":"Emma Jane Lord","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest economists and governance scholars disagreed in early REDD + literature over the potentially recentralizing effects of the performance-based global forest carbon mitigation mechanism. Economists argued conditional payments for measurable forest protection would incentivize sustainable forest management, despite institutional challenges. Critics viewed this assumption as too rationalistic. Proponents of participatory forest management in Tanzania argued REDD + funding was wasted creating new pilot projects from scratch, instead of upscaling existing forestry programmes. This article uses an in-depth ethnographic case study of rent and accountability relations in a failed REDD + test pilot project site, showing the complexity of trans-local governance arrangements. Fragmented actors compete over diverse interests, overlapping spheres of authority and tenure regimes. Empirically, it examines how project implementation with unclear land tenure exacerbated boundary conflict and insecurity, tracing upwards accountability relations including stigmatizing elected village leaders, overriding of decisions made within a village assembly meeting by district level authorities, using strategies of forum shopping and evoking the politics of scale via ward councils. This highlights the need for future forest policies to prioritize questions of land tenure, political accountability and the context-specific interactions of forest users before blueprint technical solutions that involve biophysical measurement of trees to estimate forest carbon densities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assembling governance in São Paulo's "Cracolândia" 在圣保罗的 "Cracolândia "组建治理机构

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103225

Matthew A. Richmond , Giordano Magri

{"title":"Assembling governance in São Paulo's \"Cracolândia\"","authors":"Matthew A. Richmond , Giordano Magri","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores current governance arrangements in “Cracolândia” (“Crackland”), a heterogeneous area in central São Paulo where large numbers of crack cocaine users occupy public spaces. The territory has long been subject to public interventions in the fields of security, social assistance, health and housing, but is also shaped by the activities of an array of nonstate governance actors, including community associations, NGOs, and organised crime. We present four ethnographic case studies of women who vary markedly in terms of their social characteristics, living conditions, and relationships to the territory to explore the diverse ways that they define and seek to address governance problems. We find that each uses the resources and relationships available to them to individually “assemble governance”, by developing problem-solving strategies and interacting with different combinations of state and nonstate actors. However, these contrasting cases also shed light on broader governance arrangements. They reveal how, even in the context of normative ruptures and everyday tensions, a range of situated and provisional mechanisms of mutual accommodation partially integrate distinct governance actors into a broader territorial governance assemblage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 103225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Negotiating (under)development? Expanding bargaining power within globalised production networks 协商（欠）发展？在全球化生产网络中扩大议价能力

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103233

Martín Arias-Loyola

{"title":"Negotiating (under)development? Expanding bargaining power within globalised production networks","authors":"Martín Arias-Loyola","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global production networks keep expanding and being contested through different multi-actor power imbued processes. When actors (firms, states, collectives) engage in negotiations, they exert bargaining power to reach their strategic objectives. This ultimately shapes uneven developmental outcomes, something long acknowledged by the Global Production Network (GPN) framework and other cognate approaches. However, bargaining power remains relatively underexplored, which is why this article builds upon the existing literature on GPN and Global Value Chains (GVC) to further deepen its conceptualization.</div><div>By incorporating conceptual elements from the Power Debate, Bargaining Models and expanding recent contributions within the GPN and GVC literatures, the article proposes the conceptual definition of bargaining power (BP) as actors' deliberate, experimental and repeated mobilization of their strategic resources through different modes, in particular sets of relational dynamic spaces named bargains, to achieve their strategic goals while facing internal and external constraints. Likewise, BP can operate through different dimensions of the social realm, which is why three ideal types are defined: <em>episodic</em>, making other actors do something they would not have done otherwise; <em>non-decisional</em>, limiting the scope of decisions made by controlling the political agenda; and <em>ideological</em>, changing actors’ perceptions so they consider the current bargaining structures and outcomes to be natural. Thus, the article provides a broader conceptual way to empirically assess how exertion of BP, through different modes and dimensions, dynamically influence uneven developmental outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“There, seated upon the toilet, apparently in the midst of defecation, was the president of the United States”: Toilets and elite politics in the USA and UK "美国总统坐在马桶上，显然正在排便"：美国和英国的厕所与精英政治

IF 4.7 1区社会学

Political Geography Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103228

Marijn Nieuwenhuis, Colin Mcfarlane

{"title":"“There, seated upon the toilet, apparently in the midst of defecation, was the president of the United States”: Toilets and elite politics in the USA and UK","authors":"Marijn Nieuwenhuis, Colin Mcfarlane","doi":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polgeo.2024.103228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>What can we learn about elite politics from the humble toilet? How do the relations between toilets, bodies, and waste materially and discursively reveal, and become enrolled within, the summits of state political power? While there has been a growth in research on the political geographies of the body, including work on toilets, and a long history of research on elite politics, the two intellectual concerns and debates have not been brought together. Yet the toilet and the bathroom, in both their material and discursive reproduction, provide intriguing insights into the seemingly sanitised, even disembodied domain of elite politics. We explore the space, use, and meaning of the toilet in two powerful contexts: the White House in the United States, and Downing Street in the United Kingdom. Shaped by differences in cultural and political context, we study the ways in which toilets feature in the working of elite power, and how that connects to gender, sexuality, race, nakedness, humour, and space in the (re)making of the political. By making the toilet an object of study we aim to shed light on this often forgotten and silenced, yet inevitable geography of elite politics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48262,"journal":{"name":"Political Geography","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 103228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0