Xin Chen , June Woo Park , Albert Tsang , Yingying Xin
{"title":"CEO left-handedness and readability","authors":"Xin Chen , June Woo Park , Albert Tsang , Yingying Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the relationship between CEO handedness and readability of narrative disclosures in the management discussion and analysis (MD&A) sections of annual reports. Using a sample of U.S. S&P 500 firms, we find that firms run by left-handed CEOs generally tend to produce more readable MD&A than their counterparts. Cross-sectional testing shows that the association between left-handed CEOs and MD&A readability is more pronounced for firms with complex business operations, suggesting that the readability-handedness relation is moderated by the firm's characteristics related to the need for more communication abilities. Further analyses provide evidence that MD&A readability is a significant channel through which left-handed CEOs decrease costs of equity capital and increase earnings quality. Overall, our findings support the conjecture that left-handed CEOs tend to possess enhanced communication abilities, highlighting a novel personal characteristic that can offer valuable insights into a firm's information environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104409"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When opaque firms borrow: The role of investor sentiment","authors":"Elena Ferrer , Nuria Suárez","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the effect of firm opacity on debt growth and how investor sentiment shapes this relationship. Using an international sample of firms during 2005–2019, we find that firm opacity negatively influences the growth in both bank and total debt ratios. This relationship is more relevant during periods of high investor sentiment. The role of investor sentiment is more prominent for firms with a lower proportion of bank ownership. The joint effect of firm opacity and investor sentiment is more relevant in countries with more developed institutions and greater creditor rights protection. Our results hold after addressing potential endogeneity concerns and additional tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104410"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital fiscal system and ecological environment","authors":"Zongang Liu , Yongmin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The digitalization of fiscal systems has revolutionized government financial management worldwide; however, its environmental implications remain underexplored. This study examines how digital fiscal infrastructure impacts the ecological environment by analyzing China's Golden Tax Phase III project—a comprehensive digital transformation initiative. We propose a theoretical framework identifying three key mechanisms through which digital fiscal systems influence ecological outcomes: enhanced monitoring of polluting activities, improved resource allocation for environmental protection via more efficient tax collection, and strengthened corporate environmental compliance. Employing a difference-in-differences approach with provincial-level panel data from 2015 to 2022, we find that the implementation of Golden Tax III significantly improved environmental conditions, as demonstrated by substantial reductions in PM2.5 concentrations. The effects are more pronounced in regions with advanced digital infrastructure and higher institutional quality. Further analysis shows that the environmental benefits arise from both improved market efficiency and strengthened government oversight. These findings indicate that digital fiscal reform can be an effective tool for ecological governance. Our results contribute to the growing literature on the spillover effects of digital transformation in public administration and offer policy insights into leveraging fiscal digitalization to promote environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104393"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustafa A. Dah , Walid Elgammal , Bilal Kchouri , Adnan Marrouche
{"title":"Do female CEOs lead more ethical firms? ESG and corporate impact","authors":"Mustafa A. Dah , Walid Elgammal , Bilal Kchouri , Adnan Marrouche","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study how CEO gender affects ESG disclosures and their impact on corporate policies and performance. Our results highlight a positive association between female CEOs and ESG disclosures. We also show that the conduct of female CEOs aligns more closely with stakeholder theory and has favorable implications for the relationship between ESG activities and corporate policies. Specifically, female CEOs enhance the role of ESG disclosures in increasing accounting transparency and reducing corporate risk-taking. In addition, female-led ESG initiatives positively affect both accounting and market performance. Our results highlight the heightened ethical values of female CEOs compared to their male counterparts, emphasizing their fundamental role in shaping the impact and value of ESG activities. Morally-driven ESG activities, signaling an ethical and stakeholder-friendly corporate culture, set authentic sustainability initiatives apart from mere compliance or potential window-dressing practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104408"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Carbon-related credit concentration and banking systemic risk due to climate transition shocks","authors":"Chao Wang , Chenfang Jia , Xiaoxing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Limitations on carbon emissions imposed during a low-carbon economic and social transition exert significant pressure on carbon-intensive industries. The resulting climate transition shocks are transmitted to the banking sector through credit assets and may even trigger systemic risks. This study assesses the impact of climate transition shocks on the banking sector in China by evaluating impairment losses on credit assets across various carbon emission reduction scenarios. Moreover, we integrate the dual transmission channels of the interbank and credit markets to measure banking systemic risk arising from climate transition shocks. Furthermore, we examine the impact of carbon-related credit concentration on systemic risk. Findings indicate that carbon-related credit concentration exacerbates systemic risk within the banking sector in the context of climate transition shocks. The extent of climate transition shocks and the complexity of financial networks contribute to this phenomenon. The findings provide empirical evidence regarding the potential systemic threat posed by concentrated carbon-related credit exposures. This study offers valuable insights for the maintenance of financial stability through the implementation of moderate green credit policies and carbon-focused macroprudential regulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104411"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Resignation of independent directors, restructuring of political ties, and the introduction of state-owned capital in private enterprises: Evidence from China","authors":"Cao Wei , Xu Wei , Zhao Can","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the role of independent directors with government backgrounds in facilitating the introduction of state-owned capital into private enterprises, focusing on the restructuring of political connections. The findings reveal that the resignation of these directors significantly accelerates the integration of state-owned capital, particularly when the director is a government official with strong ties to the company's location or industry. The effect is most pronounced in firms with greater financing constraints, weaker political connections, and those operating in regions with unfavorable business environments and high policy uncertainty. Furthermore, the study highlights that restructuring political connections helps private enterprises access critical resources, such as bank loans and government subsidies, enhancing their operational resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104406"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaosong Zhan , Shiqing Ling , Zhenya Liu , Shixuan Wang
{"title":"Modeling bimodal stock price dynamics by a parsimonious diffusion process","authors":"Yaosong Zhan , Shiqing Ling , Zhenya Liu , Shixuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We extend the double-well potential to a three-parameter model in order to capture the momentum and reversal effects in stock price dynamics. The proposed model is characterized by three parameters that control momentum, reversal, and volatility. By varying these parameters, the model can represent two distinct price patterns: (<em>i</em>) a mean-reverting pattern with a unimodal distribution, and (<em>ii</em>) a momentum pattern with a bimodal distribution. We develop an estimation method and establish its asymptotic properties, along with a simulation study to evaluate its finite sample performance. An empirical application using high-frequency data is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model in analyzing price dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104367"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oil price uncertainty, exchange rate volatility, and African stock markets: A nonparametric quantile-on-quantile analysis","authors":"Yufeng Chen , Zulkifr Abdallah Msofe , Chuwen Wang , Minghui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given that crude oil is priced in U.S. dollars (USD) on the international market, exchange rate fluctuations can dampen or amplify the transmission effects from oil prices to stock markets, particularly in non-USD economies. Using quantile regression (QR) and nonparametric quantile-on-quantile (QQ) regression models, this study examines the impact of oil price uncertainty <span><math><mfenced><mi>OVX</mi></mfenced></math></span> on stock returns in African oil-importing and exporting countries, accounting for the moderating role of exchange rate volatility. Findings reveal that <span><math><mi>OVX</mi></math></span> exerts a heterogeneous and negative effect on African stock returns, with oil-importing nations experiencing more pronounced impacts than their oil-exporting counterparts. In addition, results indicate that <span><math><mi>OVX</mi></math></span> significantly affects African stock returns at moderate and high levels, but not at low levels, suggesting an asymmetry among the quantiles of <span><math><mi>OVX</mi></math></span>. Furthermore, the impact is found to be stronger during bearish market conditions than in bullish ones, emphasizing asymmetry across conditional quantiles of stock returns. Moreover, the joint variability of <span><math><mi>OVX</mi></math></span> and exchange rates has a substantially greater influence on African stock returns than <span><math><mi>OVX</mi><mspace></mspace></math></span> alone, regardless of the market state. This study offers important insights for investors, policymakers, and other stakeholders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104385"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingying Zhang , Xuming Mi , Hongtao Li , Xinpeng Wang
{"title":"Evolutionary game analysis of digital inclusive finance for high-quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises","authors":"Yingying Zhang , Xuming Mi , Hongtao Li , Xinpeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chapter 3 of this article builds a dynamic evolutionary game model encompassing the government, financial institutions, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This model allows us to comprehend the dynamic process of game player evolution. This study derives a strategic orientation for digital inclusive finance to enable high-quality development of SMEs from an economic perspective. The findings illustrate that financial institutions and SMEs spontaneously and actively choose to implement digital inclusive finance strategies, jointly encouraging digital inclusive finance. If financial institutions do not strictly implement digital inclusive finance, SMEs tend not to use them actively, even if they are beneficial. A higher cost for SMEs to adopt digital inclusive finance also hinders realization of their high-quality development. Thus, The government needs to accelerate the cultivation of a digital inclusive financial market. Financial institutions reduce the cost of using digital inclusive finance for small and medium-sized enterprises Including SMEs in the digital inclusive finance service scope can leverage the enabling effect toward high-quality SME development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104388"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paraic McGee , Lisa Sheenan , Tom Egan , Sheila O'Donohoe
{"title":"Risk factor disclosure in green bond prospectuses and investor compensation","authors":"Paraic McGee , Lisa Sheenan , Tom Egan , Sheila O'Donohoe","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines green bond risk factor disclosure in European corporate prospectuses and investigates their impact on investor risk compensation. We extract six risk factors disclosed in 602 prospectuses corresponding to 1160 green bonds issued from 2015 to 2024 using non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) topic modelling. Novel risk factors disclosed include green-listing, EU Taxonomy compliance, ESG, Second Party Opinion (SPO), asset framework and GBP compliance. Green-listing, ESG, SPO and GBP compliance are the dominant risks disclosed by issuers, yet investors seek greater compensation for EU Taxonomy compliance and asset framework risk factors. We observe time variation as the introduction of EU regulatory initiatives recalibrates investor risk premia, leading to heightened demand for risk compensation. The findings underscore the clarity that European sustainable finance regulatory initiatives have brought to investors; however, the lack of scrutiny on the underlying assets financed with European corporate bonds may lead to an underestimation of systemic risk in the market, including physical, transition and greenwashing risks. We present a possible solution by calling on national competent authority prospectus approvers to categorise the assets financed with corporate green bonds. This would constitute an informed, targeted, early warning assessment of systemic risk in the green bond market that could positively impact financial stability. The paper contributes to the academic literature on green bonds, risk disclosure and textual analysis and helps inform European regulators as they navigate the evolving sustainable finance landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 104405"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}