Urša Ferjančič , Riste Ichev , Igor Lončarski , Syrielle Montariol , Andraž Pelicon , Senja Pollak , Katarina Sitar Šuštar , Aleš Toman , Aljoša Valentinčič , Martin Žnidaršič
{"title":"Textual analysis of corporate sustainability reporting and corporate ESG scores","authors":"Urša Ferjančič , Riste Ichev , Igor Lončarski , Syrielle Montariol , Andraž Pelicon , Senja Pollak , Katarina Sitar Šuštar , Aleš Toman , Aljoša Valentinčič , Martin Žnidaršič","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the evolution of environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting by analysing a ten-year corpus of annual reports from FTSE 350 companies. Using BERTopic, an advanced topic modelling technique, we identify and subsequently cluster the most important ESG topics, providing significant insights into the reporting landscape. Our findings show how regulatory changes, such as the Non-Financial Reporting Directive, and major events like Covid-19, influence ESG topic prominence. The disclosure of ESG information is primarily determined by regulatory requirements. This is particularly evident in the fact that companies only disclose the diversity on the board, which is mandatory, but not the diversity and inclusion at other levels of the reporting organisation. Furthermore, our study examines the correlation between ESG scores and topic proportions, showing that extensive disclosure on topics like climate risk and stakeholder engagement is positively associated with higher ESG scores, whereas topics like executive remuneration show negative correlations. Our research contributes to the literature by offering a novel methodological approach to ESG analysis and provides insights into the gaps between reporting standards and practices, relevant to standard-setting bodies and regulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103669"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of corporate carbon information disclosure considering the reward and punishment mechanism and new media environment","authors":"Tianjiao Jiang, Hua Li, Qiubai Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the internal logic and dynamic evolution of corporate carbon information disclosure decision making. Drawing on the game-theoretical relationship among enterprises, third-party carbon verification agencies, and local governments, we analyze the intrinsic mechanisms by which rewards, punishment, and media supervision influence corporate carbon information disclosure behavior. We further examine each participant's strategy selection process in the corporate carbon information disclosure decision making under different conditions and consider the impact of key factors on the process. The findings show that the best evolutionary stabilization strategy consists of true disclosure, compliance, and negative support. A stronger reward and punishment mechanism of carbon information disclosure helps achieve greater self-regulation and reduce false disclosure. Enterprises are increasingly choosing true disclosure as the probability of media exposure increases. Decision makers involved in the carbon information disclosure process are influenced by image loss, disclosure costs, and government regulatory costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103670"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green finance and innovative cities: Dual-pilot policies and collaborative green innovation","authors":"Guanchong Hou, Guifen Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the impacts of climate change intensify, urban green innovation has emerged as a critical technological approach for reducing carbon emissions and addressing climate-related risks. In this study, we analyze data from 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2020. Using the time-varying difference-in-difference model, we examine the underlying mechanisms of how green finance and urban innovation policies synergistically drive urban green innovation. Our findings reveal that the dual-pilot policies, namely, Green Finance Reform and Innovation Pilot Zones and Innovative Cities Pilots, have significantly boosted green innovation by leveraging the resource allocation effect. Further research shows that the green innovation is more effective in the central and eastern regions, cities facing resource decline, cities regenerating resource-, and rust-belt areas during the dual-pilot policy implementation process. Moreover, these dual-pilot policies demonstrate a synergy of “1 + 1 > 2.” These results offer fresh insight into further deepening urban policy pilot initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103673"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Presidential economic approval rating and global foreign exchange market volatility","authors":"Xue Gong , Weijun Xu , Xiaodan Li , Xue Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the influence of presidential economic approval rating (PEAR) on the volatility of 15 major foreign exchange (FX) markets. The study reveals that the PEAR index serves as an insightful predictor for forecasting certain FX market volatilities, demonstrating predictive accuracy both in- and out-of-sample period. This predictability endures over longer horizons and withstands various robustness assessments. Notably, the forecasting efficacy of PEAR surpasses that of uncertainty factors and macroeconomic indicators. Additionally, we illustrate that a combined forecast incorporating all predictors enhances forecasting robustness. Finally, our findings indicate that PEAR can also elucidate future jump risks and returns in FX markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103584"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Free education policy and rural Residents' happiness: Financial perspective","authors":"Fenglin Tang , Pengfei Lei , Feiran Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using data from the 2010–2015 China General Social Survey, we applied a propensity score matching difference-in-differences model to examine how a 12-year free-education policy reform affected the happiness of Chinese rural residents. We found that the 12-year free-education pilot will make rural residents happier if the local government's spending on education does not reduce spending on other public services. We also found that the policy has benefited the beneficiaries' grandparents, high-income rural families, and relatively well-educated groups mainly by improving family finances and health. We recommend expanding the pilot program to increase the number of beneficiaries. We suggest that China would be in a position to fully implement the 12-year compulsory education only when the central and local governments can support its implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103664"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of financial capital flow circulation and the risk transmission effect in China","authors":"Jiali Zhao , Linjie Jiao , Xiaoya Zhang , Rong Wu , Chenzi Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Financial capital is an important force driving China's economic modernisation. Examining the characteristics of financial capital flow circulation across sectors and risk transmission laws is crucial in guiding financial market operations and deepening financial system reforms. This study establishes a 2011–2020 China matrix that includes capital fund flow statements for non-financial corporations, financial institutions, the general government, households, and foreign sources and examines changes in capital flow circulation by developing a financial flow multiplier system model to measure the direct and indirect transmission effects of capital flows between sectors from the perspective of liabilities. Results show that China's overall scale of financial capital flows has increased, but fluctuations have emerged in the last decade. The sectors' financing structure has changed significantly, with financial institutions remaining the primary capital inflow and outflow sectors of the financial market; however, the proportion of liability and investment in the household sector has increased, resulting in increased risk transmission. Moreover, the sectoral fund surpluses and shortages are highly volatile and uncertain, with non-financial enterprises serving as the primary drivers of real-economy investment. The capital flow from financial services to the real economy shows a fluctuating growth trend, primarily flowing to non-financial corporations; however, the proportion exhibits a downwards trend. Finally, we find that the flow transmission relationship between different sectors and financial transactions in the financial market is complex, with both direct and indirect risk transmission effects between sectors. Changes of financial institutions' liabilities significantly affect the liabilities and investments of other sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103674"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market responses to spillovers in the energy commodity markets: Evaluating short-term vs. long-term effects and business-as-usual vs. distressed phases","authors":"Mattia Chiappari, Francesco Scotti, Andrea Flori","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study how market spillovers propagate within a comprehensive system of energy commodities by employing spillover analysis in the time and frequency domains. Raw materials dominate the system’s connectedness, behaving as net transmitters of spillovers. However, the dynamic analysis shows that downstream commodities may also act as net transmitters but only in a few short phases. Importantly, relevant energy market episodes generate more substantial spillovers, while lower system connectedness is observed during events primarily affecting other sectors. Our main findings are substantially invariant to a series of robustness checks. These results also hold when analyzing the distribution’s tails in a quantile framework that we introduce to study distressed periods. Finally, we examine a broad frequency spectrum and find high efficiency in this system, with substantial spillovers absorbed in less than two days for all commodities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103665"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analyzing the green bond index: A novel quantile-based high-dimensional approach","authors":"Lizhu Tao , Wenting Jiang , Xiaohang Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of green bond markets is important for advancing energy efficiency, supporting renewable energy, encouraging sustainable investments, and safeguarding the environment. However, the inherent complexity and uncertainty of these markets pose significant challenges for both investors and researchers. In this study, we focus on analyzing the S&P Green Bond Index, a leading benchmark for monitoring the global green bond market. We introduce a new high-dimensional statistical method, the Quantile Group Adaptive Lasso, designed to accurately predict the returns of this index. Our empirical results demonstrate that this model surpasses several established forecasting techniques in both accuracy and stability. Furthermore, our analysis of economic significance highlights the critical influence of traditional energy-related predictors from G7 and BRICS countries on the global green bond markets. We also find that monetary policies and macroeconomic factors, such as M2 money supply, CPI, and government bond yields, play vital roles. Additionally, the robustness of our proposed method is confirmed. Overall, our study provides a powerful tool that not only significantly enhances forecasting performance but also deepens the understanding of the interplay between trends in green bond markets and information from energy sectors and broader economic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103659"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng He , Zhengkai Liu , Yiaxin Zhao , Yuanjun Zhao
{"title":"Is more digital always better? A nonlinear perspective on corporate digital transformation and OFDI","authors":"Zheng He , Zhengkai Liu , Yiaxin Zhao , Yuanjun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the nonlinear impact of corporate digital transformation on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in the context of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2023. Employing a nonlinear model, this study reveals an N-shaped curve relationship between digital transformation and OFDI, wherein digital transformation initially promotes, then inhibits, and finally again promotes OFDI as it advances. The findings reveal that this effect is more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises and companies located in China's eastern region. Moreover, reduced transaction costs are a significant mechanism through which digital transformation influences OFDI. The results underscore the necessity of developing differentiated strategies to enhance digital transformation across regions and ownership types, emphasizing its role in facilitating China's global investment initiatives and contributing to the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103649"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do error-tolerance and correction mechanisms enhance the performance of state-owned enterprises in China?","authors":"Yuan Li , Yuyao Yi , Xiaofan Li , Yunqing Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of error-tolerance and correction mechanisms (ETCM) on the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). We conduct difference-in-differences (DID) estimations and find that the implementation of this policy significantly improves SOEs' performance. Mechanism analysis shows that the ETCM can strengthen the innovation capacity and improve internal governance of SOEs. Heterogeneity analysis shows that our results are more pronounced in SOEs with lower levels of corporate management, lower risk preferences of managers, higher intense external market competition, non-Industrial corporate and eastern regions. We also find that the ETCM improves SOEs' total factor productivity (TFP). Overall, this study provides perspectives and evidence from ETCM for deepening the reform of SOEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 103656"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}