Journal of Safety Research最新文献

{"title":"Do Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) improve or worsen road safety? Assessing crash impacts in San Francisco","authors":"Vedant S. Goyal ,&nbsp;Gregory D. Erhardt ,&nbsp;Nikiforos Stamatiadis ,&nbsp;Christopher R. Bollinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Over the last decade, Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) have emerged as a popular mobility option. Yet past research has not conclusively established the linkage between their service operations and road crash risk. Our analysis compares road crash outcomes in San Francisco between 2010, when TNCs were negligible, and 2016, when they comprised 15% of vehicle trips within San Francisco. <em>Method:</em> We estimated a fixed-effects Poisson regression model for four crash outcomes, controlling for the change in background traffic, speed, and time-invariant factors including roadway geometry. <em>Results:</em> Our results show that TNCs have three competing influences on crashes: (a) they increase total vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and thus crashes; (b) VMT on TNCs themselves is associated with fewer crashes, potentially due to a newer vehicle fleet or the selection of drivers; and (c) TNC pick-ups and drop-offs are associated with more crashes, potentially due to more conflicts at the curb. We apply these models to estimate the number of crashes expected from a counterfactual 2016 scenario without TNCs and compare that to the with-TNC scenario to isolate the total effect of TNCs. This model application reveals that TNCs are associated with a 4% decrease in total crashes. We also find that TNCs are associated with a slight reduction in fatal and injury crashes, crashes involving a bicyclist or pedestrian, and alcohol-involved crashes, but the results are not statistically significant for these crash types. <em>Practical applications:</em> By disaggregating TNC services into distinct operational components, our research provides valuable insights for urban transport planners and policymakers seeking to maximize the safety benefits of emerging transportation technology while mitigating their associated risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective factors in potential trauma for adolescent surf lifesavers","authors":"Jasmin C. Lawes ,&nbsp;Samantha Fien ,&nbsp;Jessica Ledger ,&nbsp;Murray Drummond ,&nbsp;Pamela Simon ,&nbsp;Nancy Joseph ,&nbsp;Shane Daw ,&nbsp;Talitha Best ,&nbsp;Robert Stanton ,&nbsp;Ian de Terte","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Surf lifesavers form a key part of Australia’s first responder workforce. Patrolling members can start from 13 years old, with potential exposure to traumatic incidents. Protective factors may mitigate the trauma exposure. This study investigated protective factors associated with mental health outcomes among adolescent surf lifesavers (13–17 years), including in response to exposure to potentially traumatic events. <em>Methods:</em> An online survey was developed to collect data from Australian surf lifesavers (13–17 years). Measures included demographic factors, stressful life events, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), self-efficacy, social support, and attitudes toward mental health problems. Hierarchical regressions and moderation analyses explored the relationships between variables. <em>Results</em>: There were 118 responses collected with overall mean age 15.4 years (SD = 1.3). PTSS was moderately to strongly positively correlated with all trauma domains. Higher self-efficacy and social support scores were correlated with lower PTSS. Hierarchical regression<!--> <!-->showed that Trauma within SLS, social support, self-efficacy and attitudes toward mental health were significantly associated with the outcome in the final regression model (F(5,110) = 17.87, p &lt; 0.001), with the protective factors collectively explaining 28% of the variance in PTSS. Negative attitudes were positively associated with PTSS, while social support and self-efficacy scores were both negatively associated with PTSS. <em>Conclusions:</em> This study highlights the critical and protective interplay between social support, self-efficacy, mental health attitudes and trauma exposure among adolescent surf lifesavers. The findings will guide the development of targeted interventions to support younger patrolling members with an emphasis on supportive interventions to improve resilience and wellbeing in young emergency service personnel exposed to trauma. <em>Practical applications:</em> This study highlights the importance of encouraging protective factors with young individuals in emergency service roles, with practical implications for mental health professionals, emergency service agencies, surf lifesaving organizations, and policymakers interested in promoting the wellbeing of adolescent emergency service personnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 505-514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The flattening of road accident risk: How best to describe it?","authors":"Rune Elvik","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> The variation in risk associated with well-known risk factors, like driver age or speed limits on public roads, has become smaller over time. For driver age, this can be shown as a “flattening” of risk: The U-shaped curve showing the variation in accident rate by driver age is getting flatter. <em>Method:</em> This paper asks how this trend can best be described. It is shown that two measures of variation in risk, relative risk and population attributable risk, do not capture the trend towards less variation in risk. It is shown that the trend towards less variation in risk is associated with a reduction of the relative contribution of systematic variation in the number of accidents to the distribution of accidents between the units (drivers, road sections, etc.) of a population at risk. <em>Results:</em> Based on this, it is proposed that accident rates can be interpreted as expected values of Poisson distributions. One may then generate synthetic mixed Poisson distributions and by comparing these for different points in time show that a reduced variation in risk implies that the distribution of accidents is becoming more random. <em>Conclusions:</em> The distribution of accidents in populations at risk (drivers, road segments, etc.) is becoming more random (i.e., it contains less systematic variation than earlier). <em>Practical applications:</em> Randomness does not imply unpreventability. Examples are given of how accidents can be prevented in a population where the distribution is random. The paper is based on data for Norway, and no claim is made that the trends examined in the paper apply to all countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 515-521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disuse of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)","authors":"Soyeon Kim ,&nbsp;Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: The advancement of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) aims to enhance driving safety, efficiency, and convenience. However, their potential remains underutilized as drivers frequently disengage or avoid using these systems. This study investigates the phenomenon of ADAS disuse, encompassing situational disengagement and systematic avoidance, through in-depth interviews with SAE Level 2 automated vehicle drivers. <em>Method:</em> Using thematic analysis, we identified nine key themes influencing disuse across three domains: Driving task (strategic, tactical, and operational level of driving tasks); Human (sense of control, knowledge, trust, and responsibility); and Environment (road users and road situation). <em>Results:</em> Drivers cited discomfort with system aggressiveness, lack of trust in detection capabilities, and incompatibility with their driving styles as critical factors. Environmental complexities, such as construction zones and pedestrian-heavy areas, further exacerbated disengagement. Additionally, legal and moral responsibility emerged as influences on drivers’ preferences for manual control. <em>Conclusions:</em> Our findings underscore the need for adaptive, user-centered designs prioritizing trust, transparency, and context-sensitive system behaviors. By addressing these barriers, ADAS can achieve safer and more consistent adoption, supporting broader goals of accident prevention and traffic efficiency. <em>Practical Applications:</em> This study provides insights for enhancing ADAS design and fostering driver confidence, paving the way for their effective integration into modern mobility solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 180-188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of voluntary driver's licence surrender on road crashes caused by older drivers","authors":"Dahee Hong ,&nbsp;Sangjin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> As the older population grows, the number of road crashes caused by older drivers has consistently increased at an average of 3.7% per year over the past five years in South Korea. To address this issue, since 2019 the South Korean government has promoted a program of voluntary driver’s license surrender (particularly among older drivers) that provides transport cards worth 100,000 to 200,000 Korean currency for voluntarily surrendering licenses. <em>Method:</em> This study aims to analyze the effect of voluntary driver's license surrender on road crashes caused by older drivers using the Comparison Group method. The number of crashes, the number of fatal crashes, and the number of serious injury crashes are compared before and after introduction of voluntary surrender program. The effects are examined in detail in terms of the ages of older drivers, the surrender rates, and the types of local areas like urban or rural areas. <em>Results:</em> The results indicate that voluntary driver's license surrender significantly reduced the number of fatal and serious injury crashes among older drivers. In particular, it was found that age group 75 and older showed the highest reduction of crashes in all age groups and that the cities and counties with the higher rate of driver’s license surrender showed higher crash reductions. The reduction was also higher in rural areas compared to urban areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 211-219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost of workers’ compensation claims among firefighters in Ohio, 2001–2020","authors":"Suzanne M. Marsh ,&nbsp;Alysha R. Meyers ,&nbsp;Tyler D. Quinn ,&nbsp;Steven J. Wurzelbacher ,&nbsp;Steven J. Naber","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Background:</em> Firefighters face significant occupational hazards resulting in fatal and nonfatal injuries as well as illnesses. This study characterizes the costs of workers’ compensation (WC) claims among Ohio firefighters from 2001 to 2020, providing insights for prevention and resource allocation strategies. <em>Methods:</em> WC claims data for public and private fire departments were analyzed. Claims were categorized by type (medical-only vs. lost-time), demographics, tasks that led to the injury/illness, injury/illness events, and diagnoses. Costs included medical care, indemnity payments, and reserves for future anticipated costs, evaluated as of Q2 2022. <em>Results:</em> Among 37,306 claims, costs totaled $542 million. Lost-time claims accounted for $497 million, while medical-only claims totaled $45 million. Overexertion involving outside sources was the most frequent event, contributing to 27% of claims and $176 million in costs. Patient care activities and long-term exposures had disproportionately high cost-to-claim ratios, highlighting their significant financial burden. A notable increase in cancer-related claims was observed following Ohio’s firefighter cancer presumption law implementation in 2017, reflecting the impact of policy changes on claim trends. <em>Conclusions:</em> This analysis highlights the substantial cost of WC claims among firefighters, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention efforts and resource allocation. The findings underscore the impact of policy changes, such as presumption laws, in shaping WC trends. Future research could examine cost differences across firefighter subgroups and assess the long-term impacts of presumption laws on compensation systems. <em>Practical Applications</em>: Insights from this study provide fire departments and policymakers with critical data to prioritize prevention strategies for high cost injuries, such as overexertion and cancer-related conditions. Findings also support the development of policies and resource allocations aimed at improving firefighter safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 396-404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing safety in work zones: the influence of speed feedback on driving behavior","authors":"Pawan Neupane ,&nbsp;Diwas Thapa ,&nbsp;Sabyasachee Mishra ,&nbsp;Jason R. Quicksall","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Work zones play a vital role in maintaining and enhancing road infrastructure to meet growing transportation needs. However, work zones have been identified as hot spots of crashes, with rear-end crashes being a significant one. The activity area of a work zone, where most of the construction and/or maintenance takes place, is the riskiest segment with a higher number of crashes. Among different risk factors, speed has been identified as the major contributor to crashes. Therefore, a study of driving behavior, especially speeding behavior in the activity region of the work zone, is necessary. This study examines speeding behavior in the activity area of a work zone, focusing on drivers’ compliance with posted speed limits under different feedback mechanisms. <em>Method:</em> Using a generalized ordered logit model, this study analyzed speed violations in the activity area of a work zone on an 8-mile stretch of interstate (I-65) in Robertson County, Tennessee, where one additional lane was being added. Vehicle speeds were continuously monitored using computer vision-based tracking using YOLO and ByteTrack algorithms. <em>Results:</em> Findings indicate that over 75% of drivers exceeded the posted speed limit while traversing the work zones in the absence of any feedback mechanisms. Speed limit violations are more prominent in the inner lane and during weekends and sunny weather. Among the different feedback mechanisms tested, a dynamic speed feedback system was found to be the most effective solution to discourage speeding driving behavior, and it decreases the likelihood of higher-order speed violations by 51%. <em>Practical applications:</em> The findings from this study underscore the importance of feedback systems in discouraging speeding behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 36-49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergonomic risk assessment methods for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare workers: A systematic review","authors":"Grace Gao ,&nbsp;Shamay S.M. Ng ,&nbsp;Siu Shing Man ,&nbsp;Billy C.L. So","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are prevalent among healthcare professionals due to the physically demanding nature of their work environments. These disorders increase costs associated with workers’ compensation claims and healthcare services, reduce productivity, and negatively impact the quality of life for affected workers. Therefore, proper ergonomic risk assessment tools are vital for monitoring and preventing WMSDs among healthcare professionals. <em>Method:</em> This study provides a comprehensive overview of ergonomic risk assessment techniques used among healthcare workers. Following an extensive search, 31 studies published in English from 2014 to 2024 were identified. <em>Results:</em> With growing awareness of ergonomic risks in healthcare settings, research has explored various assessment methods to understand and mitigate these risks among healthcare workers across different disciplines. This finding highlights the significant role of self-reported and observation-based methods, despite potential subjective biases. Despite their challenges and underutilization, direct measurement methods have demonstrated substantial potential for enhancing ergonomic assessments when appropriately adapted to healthcare environments. <em>Conclusions and practical applications:</em> In future research, a longitudinal study design incorporating ergonomic risk assessment tools and hybrid methodologies integrating simulated settings with real-world observations should be employed to facilitate a comprehensive evaluation of ergonomic risks among healthcare professionals. This approach would contribute to the development of effective interventions aimed at mitigating WMSDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of pedestrian safety at bus stops using FARS data","authors":"Allison Rewalt,&nbsp;Candace Brakewood,&nbsp;Christopher Cherry","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Bus stops must be safely accessible to transit passengers who begin and end their trips as pedestrians. Prior studies have analyzed bus stop safety using crash data, but many assumed that all crashes near bus stops were directly related to the stop itself, largely due to the lack of transit-related information in crash data. This research addresses this gap by analyzing fatal “transit bus stop-related” pedestrian crashes from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and comparing them to other nearby fatal pedestrian crashes. <em>Methodology</em>: A descriptive analysis, crosstabulation, binary logit models, and hierarchical clustering were used to compare fatal transit bus stop-related pedestrian crashes and other fatal pedestrian crashes within a quarter- and half-mile radius. <em>Results</em>: Most fatal crashes in both groups occurred midblock, on higher-speed roads, and on arterials, consistent with established pedestrian crash risk factors. The subsequent analysis focused on isolating risks specifically associated with bus stops. The binary logit models indicated that midblock locations, pedestrians stationary on the roadside, and bus-involved crashes significantly increased the odds of a crash being transit bus stop-related. Notably, midblock crashes had 4.7 to 5.2 times the odds of being transit bus stop-related. The clustering revealed three transit bus stop-related crash scenarios: (1) crossing to/from an intersection stop, (2) waiting on the roadside at a midblock stop, and (3) crossing to/from a midblock stop. Clustering the combined sample of fatal transit bus stop-related and nearby fatal crashes revealed a distinct cluster, predominantly composed of transit bus stop-related crashes characterized by pedestrians waiting on the roadside. <em>Conclusions</em>: Different stages of a transit passenger’s journey represent distinct crash types, and midblock stops are especially high-risk. <em>Practical Applications</em>: Crossing improvements and speed reductions may benefit both transit passengers and nearby pedestrians. Evaluating conditions directly at the bus stop may further improve transit passenger safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality of American Indian and Alaska Native workers by occupation and industry, 2020–2022","authors":"Kaitlin C. Wingate ,&nbsp;Erin McCanlies ,&nbsp;Andrea L. Steege ,&nbsp;W. Karl Sieber ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Dalsey","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Little occupational health and safety information exists on American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) workers. The objective of this study is to describe the leading underlying causes of death among AI/AN workers by occupation and industry. <em>Methods:</em> Mortality data indicating decedents’ race as: (1) ‘American Indian/Alaska Native’ (AI/AN) single-race or (2) AI/AN single-race and AI/AN in combination with any other race(s) were abstracted from 2020 to 2022 public use multiple cause of death files maintained in the National Vital Statistics System. Records with decedents: (a) 15 years of age and older, (b) residing in the United States, and (c) having both usual industry and usual occupation were included in this analysis. Mortality data were analyzed by occupation and industry for the 15 leading causes of death and COVID-19. Age-adjusted proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for usual occupation groups and usual industry groups for these causes of death. <em>Results:</em> Occupation groups with the highest number and proportion of deaths were construction and extraction (AI/AN single-race 15.9%; AI/AN combined 14.9%) and production (AI/AN single-race and combined 8.8%). The industry groups with the highest number and proportion of deaths include construction (AI/AN single-race 15.7%; AI/AN combined 14.9%) and healthcare and social assistance (AI/AN single-race 12.3%; AI/AN combined 12.2%). The three highest PMRs by occupation were suicide in the military and computer and mathematical occupations and homicide in construction and extraction occupations. The three highest PMRs by industry were suicide in the military and utilities industries and hypertension in the information industries. The top three causes of death for AI/AN combined race decedents were heart disease, cancer, and COVID-19. <em>Conclusion:</em> These results indicate that causes of death among AI/AN workers vary by specific occupations and industries. Focusing intervention and prevention in these highest risk occupations and industries may reduce morbidity and mortality among workers. <em>Practical Applications:</em> The results of this study can be used by tribes, tribal organizations, tribal leaders, and researchers to assist in prevention, control methods, and tailored communication efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 455-467"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}