Journal of Safety Research最新文献

{"title":"Cyclist crash severity modeling: A hybrid approach of XGBoost-SHAP and random parameters logit with heterogeneity in means and variances","authors":"Antonella Scarano ,&nbsp;Matin Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Filomena Mauriello ,&nbsp;Maria Rella Riccardi ,&nbsp;Kayvan Aghabayk ,&nbsp;Alfonso Montella","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Across the globe, policymakers are focusing on boosting sustainable transport options, notably cycling, to foster eco-friendly urban environments. However, the persistent safety challenges cyclists face continues to hinder these efforts. <em>Method</em>: This research explores a novel hybrid methodology to investigate the determinants of cyclist crash severity by combining eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and a random parameters logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances (RPLHMV). Using crash data from the Department for Transport covering crashes in Great Britain from 2016 to 2019, the research evaluates the methodology’s effectiveness. The XGBoost-SHAP model reduced data dimensionality allowing the application of a robust statistical model, while the random parameters logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances captured heterogeneity in both means and variances. <em>Results</em>: The statistical model identified 10 significant variables with fixed parameters for the fatal crashes, 22 significant variables for the serious injuries, and two indicator variables such as cyclist age ≤ 17 and overtaking as a manoeuvre for the second vehicle with statistically significant random parameters associated with serious injury outcomes. The relationships revealed by the logit framework were further examined using the XGBoost-SHAP, which provided deeper insights into the interactions between random and fixed parameters. The use of the hybrid approach allowed to achieve a very good R2 McFadden value of 0.52 for the RPLHMV, demonstrating the model’s robustness. <em>Conclusions</em>: The hybrid approach not only provides a deeper understanding of crash severity dynamics but also helps in creating specific safety measures. <em>Practical applications</em>: This research can guide policymakers in identifying key factors and interactions that affect crash severity, leading to targeted safety improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 373-398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two programs, too many names? A critical review of ride-sharing and safe-ride programs as alternatives to impaired driving","authors":"Asma Mamri,&nbsp;Thomas G. Brown,&nbsp;José Ignacio Nazif-Muñoz,&nbsp;Marie Claude Ouimet","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Alternative transportation programs are widely promoted as a viable strategy for prevention of alcohol-impaired driving (AID) and crashes, with ride-sharing and safe-ride being two major approaches. The scientific literature on these programs frequently uses the terms “ride-sharing” and “safe-ride” interchangeably, though their meaning is not synonymous. This critical review set out to clarify the main characteristics of these programs to advance research, dissemination of the findings, and knowledge transfer in the alternative transportation field for AID and crash prevention. <em>Method:</em> A systematic literature search of six databases using the PRISMA-S checklist identified studies of ride-sharing and safe-ride programs to prevent AID or crashes. Inclusion criteria comprised studies published in academic and gray literature between 1980 and 2023. A six-step thematic analysis of included studies identified the defining characteristics of each program. <em>Results:</em> The 32 included studies evaluated for-profit ride-sharing/ride-hailing programs (n = 21) and safe-ride programs (n = 11). No studies on non-profit ride-sharing programs were identified. Analyses revealed two main themes. Operational strategies were most important for distinguishing between for-profit ride-sharing and safe-ride programs, with differences in these subthemes: purpose (revenue generation vs. AID reduction), management (private vs. private plus other strategies), funding (self-financing vs. external), and promotion (convenient transportation vs. dangers of AID). Service offerings, the second theme, highlighted differences in program costs, availability, accessibility, service capacity, coverage, and types of vehicles used. <em>Discussion:</em> The scientific literature on ride-sharing was limited to for-profit ride-sharing, suggesting that referring to them as “ride-hailing” in future studies would be more accurate. Both operational strategies and service offerings highlight the advantages and disadvantages of ride-hailing and safe-ride programs in the context of AID. Some programs referred to as ride-sharing programs have the same operational strategies as safe-ride programs, suggesting these be classified as safe-ride programs for conceptual coherence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 365-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatal work-related motor vehicle crashes in the United States, 2011–2014: Analysis of matched data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System","authors":"Rosa L. Rodríguez-Acosta ,&nbsp;Christen G. Byler ,&nbsp;Stephanie G. Pratt","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of work-related fatalities in the United States. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) matched and analyzed the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) and the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) to describe work-related MVCs. <em>Methods:</em> BLS matched CFOI and FARS data for 2011–2014. The matching algorithm used a series of iterative matches allowing for increasing levels of flexibility. Descriptive epidemiologic analysis was conducted to examine potential risk factors for MVCs. <em>Results: Crashes:</em> Information on 3,822 fatal work-related MVCs was successfully matched. A collision (n = 3,156, 82.5%) was most often the first injury- or damage-producing event. Collisions with motor vehicles in transport accounted for 1,769 (46.5%) of crashes. <em>Vehicles:</em> The match identified 3,879 vehicles. Over half (53.6%) were large trucks. In most vehicles, one fatality (n = 3,657) occurred. Multiple worker fatalities per vehicle (n = 203) were more common in heavy trucks (n = 59, 29.1%) and pick-up trucks (n = 36, 17.7%). <em>Persons:</em> The match identified 4,060 workers, 3,581 (88.2%) of whom were drivers. Workers employed in transportation, warehousing, and utilities (38.2%) and services (24.4%) accounted for most fatalities. Among passengers, the highest proportions were observed in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction (28.6%) and construction (20.0%). A small number of drivers were reported as impaired by being asleep or fatigued (5.2%), under the influence of alcohol, drugs, and medications (3.0%) or blacking out (1.8%). For 755 (21.1%) of the 3,581 drivers, the investigating officer indicated that speed contributed to the crash. <em>Conclusions/Practical Applications</em><strong>:</strong> The CFOI/FARS matched data analysis provides a fuller understanding of work-related MVCs, thus making it possible to develop focused crash prevention recommendations for workers who drive as part of their job.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 354-364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the presence of passengers and at-fault crash risk among older drivers with and without cognitive decline","authors":"Masao Ichikawa ,&nbsp;Haruhiko Inada ,&nbsp;Hanae Kosuge ,&nbsp;Nobuaki Takubo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Older drivers, especially those with cognitive decline, should be supported in continuing to drive safely, given their lowered driving abilities, limited alternative transportation options, and the adverse health outcomes associated with driving cessation. One potential strategy to reduce crash risk is having passengers as co-pilots. Therefore, we investigated whether the presence of passengers was associated with at-fault crash risk among older drivers with different cognitive statuses. <em>Methods:</em> Using nationwide police-reported crash data linked with driver licensing data, which includes cognitive assessment results at license renewal, for all licensed drivers aged 75 years or older in Japan, we conducted a culpability analysis among those involved in car-to-car crashes from 2014 to 2020. The analysis compared the exposure status (presence of passengers at the time of crash) between drivers responsible for the crash and drivers not responsible. We used logistic regression to estimate at-fault crash risk associated with passengers, controlling for potential confounders, separately for male or female drivers with suspected dementia, slight cognitive decline, or no cognitive decline. <em>Results:</em> Our crash data included 108,945 responsible and 56,783 non-responsible drivers. Among male drivers, 15% to 16% of responsible drivers and 29% to 33% of non-responsible drivers were accompanied by passengers at the time of crash, depending on their cognitive status. Among female drivers, 10% to 11% of responsible drivers and 26% to 27% of non-responsible drivers had passengers. The strength of the association did not vary largely across cognitive statuses among both male and female drivers, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 0.36 to 0.43 for males and from 0.30 to 0.32 for females. <em>Conclusion:</em> The presence of passengers was associated with lower at-fault crash risk among older drivers, regardless of their cognitive status. <em>Practical applications:</em> Our findings suggest the potential role of passengers in enhancing the safety of older drivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 348-353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teen perceptions of parental monitoring and its impact on their risky road behavior: An analysis of the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey","authors":"Amir Ghanbari ,&nbsp;Matison Howard ,&nbsp;Joseph Cavanaugh ,&nbsp;Cara Hamann","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Risky road behaviors (RRBs), including driving-related (e.g., texting while driving, driving under the influence) and passenger-related (e.g., not wearing seat belts, riding with a drunk driver) behaviors, contribute significantly to injury and death among adolescents. This study aims to analyze how perceived parental monitoring by teens impacts their passenger- and driver- related risky road behaviors. <em>Methods:</em> Data from the 2021 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (NYRBS) were analyzed to examine the association between teens’ perception of parental monitoring and engagement in driving-related and passenger-related risky road behaviors. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR). <em>Results:</em> A strong perception of parental monitoring consistently demonstrated a protective effect against driving-related risky behaviors (AOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53–0.74) and passenger-related risky behaviors (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.53–0.72) when compared to those with lower perceptions. Teens sleeping in public places had notably higher odds of driving-related risky behaviors (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.01–4.46) compared to those sleeping at home. Males were less likely to engage in passenger-related risky behaviors (AOR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97) but more likely to engage in driving-related risky behaviors (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12–1.47). <em>Conclusions:</em> Perceived parental monitoring was associated with reduced engagement in both passenger- and driving-related risky road behaviors among teen drivers and passengers. Safety interventions aimed at reducing risky road behaviors among teens should include strategies for strengthening parental involvement, emphasizing supervision and communication. <em>Practical Applications:</em> Our findings suggest that parental monitoring could play a significant role in reducing teens’ engagement in risky road behaviors. Safety programs should empower parents in the use of effective parental monitoring strategies, such as active supervision and better communication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 342-347"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the usability of large emergency 911 data reporting systems: A machine learning case study using emergency incident descriptions","authors":"N. Katherine Yoon ,&nbsp;Tyler D. Quinn ,&nbsp;Alexa Furek ,&nbsp;Nora Y. Payne ,&nbsp;Emily J. Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Emergency 9-1-1 incident data are recorded voluntarily within fire-department-specific computer-aided dispatch systems. The National Fire Incident Reporting System serves as a repository for these data, but inconsistency and variability in reporting practices across departments often lead to challenges in data quality and utility. This study aims to enhance emergency incident categorization and explore the feasibility of an automated system using free-text incident data from the National Fire Operations Reporting System (NFORS). <em>Method:</em> Researchers extracted and standardized 3,564 unique 9–1-1 incident descriptions from six fire departments using NFORS data, including narrative fields from emergency reports. The data were preprocessed using natural language processing (NLP) techniques, such as tokenization, stop word removal, and feature extraction (e.g., TF-IDF and n-grams). These features were used to train and evaluate Machine Learning (ML) models, including Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine, to classify incidents into nine categories. The NLP techniques prepared the text data for the ML models, which performed the classification and assessed the automated system’s performance. <em>Results:</em> The study demonstrated significant improvements in incident categorization accuracy using the NLP and ML approach. Unigram models achieved 93% accuracy when applied to 3,564 unique incident descriptions. This performance was evaluated by comparing the automated classifications to manually assigned categories, which served as the reference. Mis-categorizations primarily occurred with “Emergency Medical Services (EMS).” <em>Conclusions:</em> Standardized and consistent incident categorization is vital for informed decision-making, efficient resource allocation, and effective emergency response. Our findings suggest that adopting a robust categorization system, such as the nine-category model using NLP and ML, can improve categorization accuracy and enhance data quality and utility for decision-making. <em>Practical Applications:</em> Public safety agencies can leverage these insights to modernize data systems, strengthen occupational surveillance, and create more resilient and sustainable public safety data systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 335-341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a video-based hazard prediction test for e-bike riders in China","authors":"Long Sun,&nbsp;Meiqi Zhang,&nbsp;Yunong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Purpose:</em> The present study aimed to develop a hazard prediction test for e-bike riders using the hazard prediction paradigm. The validity of the test was examined by comparing its results with retrospective traffic accidents in the preceding three years and with prospective traffic accidents in the 12 months following the survey. <em>Method:</em> Study 1 employed a single-factor experimental design and presented 28 video clips to 60 experienced riders and 60 novice riders. Study 2 examined the known group validity of the newly developed test by comparing the differences in the test scores of e-bike riders who had been involved in accidents in the preceding three years (n = 53) and those who had not (n = 59) and examined the predictive validity of the test using negative binomial regression analysis by exploring whether the test score could predict accident involvement in the following 12 months. <em>Results:</em> The results of Study 1 show that the newly developed hazard prediction test contains 20 videos with satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78), and experienced e-bike riders scored significantly higher than novices did on the test. The results of Study 2 show that e-bike riders involved in accidents in the preceding three years had lower test scores than did those not involved in accidents. More importantly, the test scores effectively predicted the crash risk of e-bike riders in the following 12 months, suggesting that the predictive validity of the test is satisfactory. <em>Conclusions:</em> The hazard prediction test for e-bike riders has acceptable reliability and validity and can be used as a reliable tool to assess the hazard perception of e-bike riders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 327-334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex- and age-specific differences in product-related traumatic brain injury morbidity in the United States, 2004–2023","authors":"Wangxin Xiao ,&nbsp;David C. Schwebel ,&nbsp;Lei Yang ,&nbsp;Min Zhao ,&nbsp;Shuying Zhao ,&nbsp;Peixia Cheng ,&nbsp;Guoqing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> To examine trends in product-related traumatic brain injury morbidity by sex and age group in the Unites States between 2004 and 2023. <em>Method:</em> Product-related injury morbidity data were extracted from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Eight types of products, five injury locations, two sexes, and five age groups were categorized. Joinpoint regression models were performed to detect time periods showing significant product-related traumatic brain injury morbidity changes between 2004 and 2023. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in morbidity rates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) quantified significant morbidity changes. <em>Results:</em> The age-standardized product-related traumatic brain injury morbidity rate more than doubled in the United States between 2004 and 2023, rising from 236.6 to 574.8 per 100,000 persons (AAPC = 5.1%, 95% CI: 3.7%, 6.5%), with notable fluctuation during the COVID pandemic in 2019–2021. Under-15 children and old adults ≥ 65 years had the highest product-related traumatic brain injury morbidity rates between 2004 and 2023. Floors/flooring materials and stairs/steps were the most common products causing traumatic brain injuries, accounting for 31.7% of injuries, and homes were the most frequent occurring location, accounting for 59.3% of total product-related injury morbidity. Morbidity rates and spectrums by type of product and by occurring location varied greatly across sex and age groups. <em>Conclusions:</em> Product-related traumatic brain injury morbidity rates increased in the United States between 2004 and 2023, with some morbidity fluctuations in 2019–2021, likely reflecting the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. <em>Practical Applications:</em> Further research and prevention efforts are recommended to interpret the observed morbidity changes, curb recent product-related traumatic brain injury morbidity increases and reduce morbidity disparities across sex and age groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 318-326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an in-vehicle audio prompt on multistage lane-changing behavior and gaze patterns in work zone","authors":"Ke Duan ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Li ,&nbsp;Xuedong Yan ,&nbsp;Yan Huang ,&nbsp;Junyu Hang ,&nbsp;Qingwan Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Lane changing poses a great threat to traffic safety in the work zone areas. This study aims to conduct an in-depth investigation of drivers’ lane-changing behavior and to propose and verify the efficacy of an intelligent in-vehicle audio prompt through a driving simulator experiment. <em>Method:</em> Forty-two participants, comprising 22 males (12 professional drivers and 10 normal drivers) and 20 females (10 professional drivers and 10 normal drivers), took part in the study. Three traffic density levels (20pcu/km, 40pcu/km, and 60pcu/km) and five locations (baseline, 250m, 500m, 750m, and 1000m) to release the audio prompt information were set to collect eye movement and driving behavior data. A multistage lane-changing process including the perception stage, preparation stage, and action stage was developed, and three types of variables, namely experiment variable, behavioral variable, and risk assessment variable, were defined. <em>Results:</em> The results indicated that the audio prompt set at 500m, 750m, and 1000m could noticeably improve lane-changing behavior (i.e., triggering lane changes more in advance and providing drivers with more preparation time). However, the audio prompt set at 250m upstream of the work zone showed limited efficacy, which is not recommended in practical application. Male drivers and professional drivers performed better during lane changing, and they had a more active observation of the surrounding environment and tended to adopt safer vehicle operations than their counterparts. <em>Practical Applications:</em> A high traffic density could increase the collision risks even if drivers had made sufficient preparations, while in low traffic density conditions, drivers who failed to change lanes tended to apply hard braking when they approached the work zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 298-317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of roundabout crash-specific safety performance functions in Kentucky using different techniques","authors":"Tathagatha Khan,&nbsp;Bharat Kumar Pathivada,&nbsp;Arunabha Banerjee,&nbsp;Kirolos Haleem","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Roundabouts are one of the innovative intersection designs that can reduce the number of fatal and serious injury crashes compared to traditional intersections. Nevertheless, relatively limited studies are available that have developed roundabout crash-specific safety performance functions (SPFs) using different modeling techniques. This study develops roundabout crash-specific SPFs using crashes in the state of Kentucky over a four-year period (2019–2022). <em>Method:</em> <!-->Crash data exhibited over-dispersion; hence, negative binomial (NB) and heterogenous negative binomial (HTNB), as well as Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (CMP) modeling approaches with fixed and varying dispersion parameters (while accounting for unobserved heterogeneity) were investigated. The performance of the fitted models was evaluated using different goodness-of-fit (GOF) statistics, e.g., Akaike information criterion “AIC,” Bayesian information criterion “BIC,” and McFadden pseudo R². <em>Results:<!--> </em>The GOF measures showed that the heterogeneous CMP (or HTCMP) model was the best-fit model for developing roundabout SPFs. The results of the HTCMP model showed that annual average daily traffic (AADT) on major and minor approaches to the roundabout and inscribed circle diameter (ICD) were significantly associated with increased crash frequency at roundabouts. Conversely, single circulatory lanes, presence of two lanes along the major roundabout approach, and wider circulatory roadway width (greater than 16 feet) were significantly associated with reduced crashes at roundabouts. <em>Practical Applications:</em> <!-->Based on the study results, safety countermeasures were proposed to enhance safety at roundabouts. One example is ensuring roundabout circulatory roadway widths greater than 16 feet to provide adequate room for driving error rectification while navigating roundabouts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 282-291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}