Journal of Safety Research最新文献

{"title":"Temporal transferability assessment of injury severity models for single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes at highway ramp areas","authors":"Penglin Song ,&nbsp;N.N. Sze ,&nbsp;Jing Guo ,&nbsp;Dianchen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Background</em>: A ramp is an auxiliary roadway that facilitates the vehicles joining and leaving the main traffic stream of highway. Ramp areas are prone to road crashes because of the merging, diverging, and weaving traffic entering and leaving the highways. <em>Objectives</em>: This study evaluates the differences in injury severity and influencing factors between single- and multi-vehicle crashes at ramp areas, with which the transferability assessment of models across time periods is considered. <em>Method:</em> Separate injury severity models for single- and multi-vehicle crashes are established based on comprehensive crash data from North Carolina State in 2016–2018. Random parameter multinomial logit regression model with heterogeneity in means and variances is adopted to measure the association between crash injury severity and possible influencing factors, with which the effect of unobserved heterogeneity is accounted. In addition, partially constrained and temporal unconstrained modeling approaches are adopted to consider temporally shifting parameters. <em>Results:</em> Results indicate that there are considerable differences in the effects on injury severity between single- and multi-vehicle crashes, after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity and temporal instability. Some variables including aberrant driving, vehicle type, area type, speed limit and crash location are found to be significant only in one type of crash but not in the other. There are opposite effects for the crashes in rural areas on the likelihood of injury between single-vehicle and multi-vehicle crashes. Additionally, temporal transferability and out-of-sample prediction performance for models of single- and multi-vehicle crashes are assessed. Results indicate that remarkable temporal stability and instability coexist. <em>Practical Applications</em>: Findings should shed light on the effective traffic management and control strategies that can mitigate crash and injury risk at highway ramp areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 420-436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the relationship between managers’ commitment to safety, leadership style, and employees’ perception of managers’ commitment","authors":"David Levovnik ,&nbsp;Darija Aleksić ,&nbsp;Marko Gerbec","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Managers’ commitment to safety has been recognized as a focal concept that can play an important role as organizations strive to improve safety performance and prevent major accidents. When management is committed to safety, this shows employees that safety is an important value to the organization, which, in turn, affects employees’ safety behavior. Although the number of studies that explore the concept of safety commitment has considerably increased in recent years, the main question that remains to be answered is how managers can most effectively demonstrate their commitment to safety to employees and through what mechanisms. In this paper, we examined the relationship between managers’ commitment to safety and employees’ perceptions of managers’ commitment to safety, with a specific focus on the potential mediating effect of managers’ leadership style. <em>Method</em>: To explore the proposed relationship, we performed an explanatory quantitative study on a sample of 147 respondents from six safety–critical organizations in the EU. By employing a mediation model, we were able to gain a better understanding of the role that transformational leadership can play when managers demonstrate their safety commitment to employees. <em>Results</em>: The results showed a positive and significant relationship between managers’ commitment to safety and employees’ perceptions of managers’ commitment to safety. Furthermore, we found a statistically significant difference between managers’ and employees’ perceptions. The mediation analysis also confirmed that leadership style mediates the relationship between managers’ commitment to safety and employees’ perceptions of managers’ commitment. <em>Conclusions</em>: This paper adds to the understanding of how managers can demonstrate their commitment to safety through their leadership and how managers’ leadership style helps to shape employees’ perceptions. <em>Practical Application</em>: The findings highlight the relevance of managers’ safety commitment and transformational leadership style for employees’ perceptions of managers’ safety commitment, which is a known antecedent of safety performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 230-244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of training in reducing accidents in construction companies","authors":"Barbara Estudillo,&nbsp;Francisco J. Forteza,&nbsp;José M. Carretero-Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> In 2021, 741 people died due to occupational accidents in the construction sector in Europe (<span><span>Eurostat, 2023</span></span>). The European Commission developed the Strategic Framework for Health and Safety at Work 2021–2027, outlining objectives to improve the health and safety of workers. One of these objectives is to improve the safety training. <em>Method:</em> Focusing on this point and considering the safety training offered to construction workers in Spain, in the first hypothesis, we propose that more safety training reduces accidents by separating mandatory and voluntary training. In Hypothesis 2, we analyze whether voluntary training has a greater effect on reducing accidents than mandatory training. Finally, in Hypothesis 3, we test whether specific training is more effective than general training in reducing accidents. To test these hypotheses, we used data from training providers, accident data from the Labor Authority, and economic data from Informa &amp; Bureau van Dijk (SABI). The final sample comprises data from 1,283 Spanish construction companies over 11 years (2007–2017). The methodology involved analyzing the relationship between training and accidents, addressing our variables’ apparent endogeneity using instrumental variables. We analyzed the effect of accident training in the same year and, based on the learning curve theory, we also considered the previous three years of training. <em>Results:</em> Contrary to our hypotheses, our results show that more hours of safety training of all types are associated with more accidents, questioning its effectiveness. This finding highlights the need for an in-depth analysis of the training process to identify areas for improvement. Finally, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the training processes within the Spanish construction sector and propose potential modifications aimed at improving it and, consequently, reducing accidents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 283-291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregiver beliefs about older adult falls from a nationally representative U.S. sample 2022","authors":"Bailey Collette ,&nbsp;Dawson Dobash ,&nbsp;Shericka Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Falls represent a prevalent cause of injury, disability, and mortality in the United States among older adults (ages 65+). Falls are not an inherent part of aging and adopting evidence-based fall prevention strategies can reduce fall risk. Caregivers are well-positioned to increase awareness and uptake of fall prevention strategies among older adults but may not be aware of all effective strategies. The objective of this study was to assess caregivers’ beliefs and awareness related to older adult falls and evidence-based prevention strategies. <em>Methods:</em> Questions about falls were included in the SummerStyles survey, part of the 2022 suite of Porter Novelli ConsumerStyles surveys. Questions covered demographic and health characteristics of respondents, caregiver status, and knowledge of evidence-based fall prevention strategies. We compared demographic, health, and fall prevention knowledge by caregiver status and age. <em>Results:</em> Caregivers were more likely to be women, 65+, and report low income and fair/poor health compared to non-caregivers. Most (88.8%) caregivers did not believe older adult falls are inevitable. Most caregivers (94.0%) reported knowing at least one evidence-based fall prevention strategy, but many also identified strategies with limited evidence, such as being more careful (75.1%), as effective. Few caregivers recognized interventions like Tai Chi (13.4%) and medication management (23.3%) as effective. However, caregivers often recognized the importance of making homes safer (84.8%) and strength or balance exercises (76.4%). <em>Conclusions:</em> Our findings highlight the need for expanded education aimed at caregivers to raise awareness about fall risks and all evidence-based fall prevention strategies. <em>Practical applications:</em> Public health efforts can benefit from effectively educating and empowering older adults and their caregivers to play a proactive role in fall prevention and aging without injury. Results can facilitate targeted education and support of caregivers and creation of caregiver-driven programs to address fall risk and prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health needs and wants of younger first responders: Identifying vulnerabilities and opportunities for developing a targeted mental health toolkit for surf lifesavers aged 13–25 years","authors":"Erin Stewart ,&nbsp;Samantha Fien ,&nbsp;Amy E. Peden ,&nbsp;Jasmin C. Lawes","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Surf lifesavers form a key part of Australia’s first responder workforce, performing water rescues and responding to high-risk incidents along Australia’s coast. Previous research revealed younger personnel (aged 13–25) are at a higher risk of post-traumatic stress (PTS) and other mental health impacts compared with older counterparts. This exploratory study aims to identify and articulate the needs of this demographic and their preferences towards creating a tailored mental health toolkit. <em>Methods:</em> An anonymous, online survey of Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA) membership was conducted to measure mental health, to understand members’ preferences for appropriate mental health content and activities, and preferred toolkit formats. <em>Results:</em> Survey data (lifesavers aged 13–25; N = 82) highlighted high prevalence of mental health concerns, including PTS symptoms (PTSS), previous mental health diagnoses, and high rates of a friend with a mental health concern among respondents. A relationship (r = -0.52) was found between both levels of stigma and levels of social support and PTSS. PTSS was found to separately correlate with both lower levels of social support and higher levels of stigma. Although mental health literacy confers other benefits, we found no significant correlation between mental health literacy levels and PTSS. There was a heterogeneity of preferences for toolkit content, particularly in comparing older and younger SLSA members of the 13–25 years cohort. <em>Conclusions:</em> Mental health toolkits may help address PTSS, particularly if delivered as part of wider mental health promotion efforts. Specifically, stigma and social support can be targeted in future toolkits. <em>Practical Applications:</em> This study supports development of resources to support younger members within a first responder organization. Findings can generate discussion prompts with people with lived experience in more intensive participatory methods (such as focus groups and workshops) and can be drawn upon to support resource development in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 437-447"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the influence of national culture on aviation safety: A systematic review","authors":"Gradiyan Budi Pratama ,&nbsp;Carlo Caponecchia","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Studies have reported that aviation incident rates vary between regions, with Asia and Africa having higher rates than Europe and America. Factors contributing to incidents have also been found to differ between nations. Most features of the aviation system have originated from a Western perspective (North America/Western Europe), which may make them less well adapted to Asian and African cultures. This study was designed to examine the nature and quality of the literature on the relationship between national culture and safety in aviation.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic literature review examining original peer-reviewed journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters published since 2000 was undertaken.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most of the 35 selected articles focused on the impact of national culture on factors affecting safety performance (e.g., human error, crew interaction, communication). Studies of existing databases and survey-based studies were the most common methodologies. The majority of the articles used Hofstede’s dimensions as a lens to analyze national culture. Power distance, individualism, and uncertainty avoidance were the three cultural dimensions most commonly found to influence aviation safety, and were particularly associated with issues in team communication and decision-making. Limited research has examined behavioral markers that could identify the influence of national culture on safety outcomes in specific work settings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While elements of national culture were considered important for safety, most reviewed studies discussed culture and safety outcomes at a population level rather than at the level of individual incidents.</div></div><div><h3>Practical applications</h3><div>Future studies should focus on a comprehensive identification of behaviors (e.g., communication, teamwork, decision-making) that may be influenced by national culture in specific aviation and transportation operational settings. Existing human factors models and measurement/analysis tools should be evaluated regarding their potential to examine cultural differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 317-330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-scooter safety under scrutiny: Examining crash patterns and injuries in the UK","authors":"Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Si Qiao ,&nbsp;Greg Rybarczyk ,&nbsp;Qunshan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Electric-powered scooters (E-scooters), as an emerging sustainable micromobility mode, are increasingly popular. However, safety concerns regarding the use of e-scooters are also rising. For example, in 2022, 1,492 casualties resulting from e-scooter-involved crashes were observed in 24 trial areas across the UK. To enhance the understanding of e-scooter riding risks, this study conducted a nationwide crash analysis using a UK dataset. It explores the spatial and environmental contexts of e-scooter crashes and the factors influencing crash severity. <em>Method:</em> A comprehensive approach, including exploratory data analysis, latent class analysis (LCA), <em>chi-square</em> test, and logistic regression model, were employed. <em>Results:</em> Findings revealed distinctive spatiotemporal patterns in e-scooter crashes compared to overall crashes, with a higher incidence in deprived communities. Three crash typologies were identified using LCA: night-time, morning, and information-deficient. Multiple demographical and environmental factors were found to influence crash severity. <em>Conclusions:</em> Compared to overall crash trends, e-scooter crashes are more prevalent in urban areas with high population density and exhibit distinct peak patterns in the afternoon. Night-time crashes in low-light conditions and morning crashes with ample daylight are two significant crash clusters. Factors such as the involvement of riders aged 45 to 65 (Odd Ratio [OR] = 1.76) or &gt; 65 (OR = 3.61), crashes occurring at late night/early morning (OR = 2.29), and rural locations (OR = 1.72) increased e-scooter crash severity compared to their respective reference groups. Moreover, highly deprived communities not only experience a higher number of e-scooter crashes but also contribute to crash severity. <em>Practical Applications</em>: This study underscores the necessity for targeted interventions, such as providing safety campaigns and training programs for older individuals and e-scooter users residing in dense urban areas. It also highlights the need for policies that address inequities, particularly through improved infrastructure and enforcement in lower-income urban areas with more e-scooter crashes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 292-305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparability of driving automation crash databases","authors":"Noah J. Goodall","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> This paper reviewed current driving automation (DA) and baseline human-driven crash databases and evaluated their comparability. <em>Method</em>: Five sources of DA crash data and three sources of human-driven crash data were reviewed for consistency of inclusion criteria, scope of coverage, and potential sources of bias. Alternative methods to determine vehicle automation capability using vehicle identification number (VIN) from state-maintained crash records were also explored. <em>Conclusions</em>: Evaluated data sets used incompatible or nonstandard minimum crash severity thresholds, complicating crash rate comparisons. The most widely-used standard was “police-reportable crash,” which itself has different reporting thresholds among jurisdictions. Although low- and no-damage crashes occur at greater frequencies and have more statistical power, they were not consistently reported for automated vehicles. Crash data collection can be improved through collection of driving automation exposure data, widespread collection of crash data form electronic data recorders, and standardization of crash definitions. <em>Practical applications</em>: Researchers and DA developers may use this analysis to conduct more thorough and accurate evaluations of driving automation crash rates. Lawmakers and regulators may use these findings as evidence to enhance data collection efforts, both internally and via new rules regarding electronic data recorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 473-481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143239645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable macroscopic and microscopic influences of COVID-19 on naturalistic driver aggressiveness derived from telematics through SHAP values of SVM and XGBoost algorithms","authors":"Apostolos Ziakopoulos,&nbsp;Marios Sekadakis,&nbsp;Christos Katrakazas,&nbsp;Marianthi Kallidoni,&nbsp;Eva Michelaraki,&nbsp;George Yannis","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> This study aims to quantify the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on driver behavior as expressed by harsh accelerations (HA) measured by smartphone telematics data. <em>Method:</em> Over 35,5000 naturalistic driving trips were analyzed, fused with additional data sources such as: (a) Apple driving requests; (b) Oxford government response metrics; and (c) Our World in Data metrics for the COVID-19 pandemic. Machine learning algorithms were implemented on two scales: (a) a macroscopic scale involving daily analysis of aggregate driver behavior across the network with an SVM algorithm; and (b) a microscopic scale, involving trip-based analysis of driver trips with an XGBoost algorithm. SHAP values interpret the outputs of both algorithms, quantifying the influence of pandemic indicators with driver behavior and aggressiveness. <em>Results:</em> Macroscopic results (i.e., daily analysis) indicated that high total average speed values reduce HA rates, while this trend reverses with high driving speed. High values of Reproduction Rate, Total Cases per million people were found to reduce HA rates, while Total Fatalities per million people have little contribution on HA rates. Microscopic results (i.e., trip-based analysis) indicated that high speeding, total trip distance, and trip duration are associated with increased HA counts. Drivers perform more HAs on speeds between 30–50 km/h, while after 50 km/h, the contributions of speed lead to fewer HAs. A mild HA reduction was observed as Apple driving requests increase. Mild HA reductions also manifest when COVID-19 new daily cases and total cases per million increase as well. Drivers performed more HAs when daily deaths from COVID-19 were either relatively low (around 0–20 fatalities) or relatively high (around 110–120 fatalities), while the Stringency Index has an unclear contribution, indicating that pandemic measurements were more influential on HA counts compared to policy measures taken by the state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 393-407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of General Motors Super Cruise system field effects using state police report crash data","authors":"Andrew J. Leslie ,&nbsp;Raymond J. Kiefer ,&nbsp;Susan H. Owen ,&nbsp;Carol A. Flannagan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Introduction:</strong> While SAE Level 2 systems combining Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and lane centering functionality can conveniently reduce the need for the driver to frequently brake, accelerate, and steer the vehicle, the potential safety benefit of such systems merit further exploration. <strong>Method:</strong> This study attempted to isolate the field effect of the General Motors (GM) Super Cruise Level 2 system on lane departure and rear-end striking crashes. This system allows hands-free driving on GPS-mapped system-compatible roads and employs a camera-based driver monitoring system and a series of escalating alerts to prompt the driver to pay close attention to the road ahead and take steering control when takeover requests are issued. Police-report data were used to identify system-relevant and corresponding control crashes, and historic telematics-based data were used to understand system use surrounding crashes. A total of 131,757 Model Year 2017–2021 vehicles were matched to police-reported crashes from 12 states, which identified 415 analysis-relevant crashes on Super Cruise-compatible roads (certain limited-access freeways and trunk roads). Multiple statistical approaches were used to address challenges inherent to evaluating Level 2 systems, including small crash samples and system availability/use. <strong>Results:</strong> Results indicated there was no evidence for a difference in system-relevant crash risk for Super Cruise-equipped vehicles compared to matched highly-ADAS equipped vehicles without Super Cruise. The trend toward Super Cruise, as well as other L2 systems, being offered on an increasing number of vehicles with fewer Operational Design Domain (ODD) constraints should in the coming years notably increase the statistical power of the testing approach employed here. These results should not be interpreted as generalizing to other emerging L2 systems, including those that fundamentally differ with respect to Operational Design Domain limitations (e.g., lower speed operation only), requiring hands-on operation for system use, or the exclusive use of a steering-wheel based Driver Monitoring System (DMS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"92 ","pages":"Pages 207-216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}