Journal of Safety Research最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the role of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in reducing sideswipe collisions in rural Ohio","authors":"Abdul Ngereza,&nbsp;Boniphace Kutela,&nbsp;Ibrahim Ibrahim,&nbsp;Panick Kalambay,&nbsp;Ntemi Masanja,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kidando,&nbsp;Angela Kitali","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Rural roadways continue to experience disproportionately high fatality rates per vehicle-mile traveled compared with urban facilities, underscoring persistent safety challenges that demand targeted interventions. Among the most prevalent crash types on rural roads are sideswipe collisions, frequently attributed to driver error, limited roadway delineation, and reduced situational awareness. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), including Blind Spot Warning (BSW), Lane Departure Warning (LDW), and Lane Keeping Assistance (LKA), offer potential countermeasures by enhancing driver perception and lateral control; however, existing effectiveness evidence is predominantly frequency-focused and urban-aggregate, and the severity-conditional performance of these systems in rural sideswipe crashes remains unquantified. <em>Method:</em> This study evaluates the influence of ADAS on the severity of rural sideswipe crashes using data from 49 rural Ohio counties for 2017–2023. A 50-foot spatial buffer approach matched each ADAS-equipped crash with nearby conventional-vehicle crashes to control for roadway and environmental context, and a Bayesian Network was applied to model the dependencies among driver, vehicle, roadway, and environmental factors. Model credibility was assessed through repeated cross-validation, hold-out discrimination testing, and bootstrap analyses of structural stability and conditional probabilities. <em>Results:</em> The results reveal a clear hierarchy of evidence: driving under the influence and higher speed environments were the structurally robust determinants of severe outcomes, whereas ADAS–severity associations were small and condition-dependent, protective when systems were operating and under adverse weather, but unfavorable in dark conditions consistent with degraded camera-based sensing on unlit, poorly marked rural roads. <em>Conclusions and Practical Applications:</em> The findings indicate that ADAS benefits in rural settings are contingent on system operation and sensing conditions, supporting safety strategies that pair ADAS adoption with pavement-marking maintenance, roadway lighting, driver education on system limitations, and sustained enforcement of impaired-driving and speed laws.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 599-611"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intersection safety opportunities for the United States from international applications: A scoping review and practitioner roadmap","authors":"Stuart M. Samberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong><em>Introduction</em></strong>: Intersections account for approximately one-quarter of U.S. traffic fatalities and one-half of all traffic injuries annually, with pedestrians bearing a disproportionate burden. In 2023, 7,314 pedestrians were killed and an estimated 68,244 were injured in U.S. traffic crashes. Despite a modest year-over-year decline in preliminary 2024 data (projected 7,148 pedestrian deaths; 39,345 total fatalities), the U.S. injury burden remains substantially elevated relative to peer nations. Concurrently, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) adopted the 11th Edition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), effective January 18, 2024, reshaping the regulatory environment for intersection safety countermeasure adoption. <strong><em>Method</em></strong>: This study examines whether three internationally deployed intersection safety treatments — in-pavement LED crosswalk lighting, vehicular countdown signal displays, and left-turn waiting areas — offer viable and evidence-supported pathways for reducing the U.S. pedestrian and vehicle conflict burden. <strong><em>Results</em></strong>: In-pavement LED crosswalk lighting reduced mean vehicle approach speeds from 25.0 to 21.6 mph and vehicles passing during pedestrian presence from 1.72 to 1.06 per event in a controlled U.S. evaluation, though benefits decayed over a 9-month follow-up. Vehicular green- countdown displays (GSCD) expanded driver dilemma zones from 30 m to 58 m, increasing decision variability and crash risk; Taiwan's subsequent policy response restricted GSCD use nationally. Motor-vehicle left-turn waiting areas showed capacity gains (∼17.8% under modeled conditions) but elevated conflict severity with red-light running and out-of-area positioning. Two-stage bicycle turn boxes demonstrated no adverse safety signal in available U.S. collision data and are now standardized under the 11th Edition MUTCD. <strong><em>Conclusions and Practical Applications</em></strong>: Three established comparator treatments — leading pedestrian intervals (LPI; ∼13% pedestrian crash reduction), modern roundabouts (∼76–90% severe crash reduction), and flashing yellow arrow displays — offer near-term high-confidence opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 612-620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal pedestrian safety trends for passenger cars, pickup trucks, and SUVs: A 2016–2022 study of Texas","authors":"Nicholas N. Ferenchak,&nbsp;Olivia Tafoya,&nbsp;Saurav Parajuli,&nbsp;Christopher Cherry","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> This study examines the relationship between vehicle design and pedestrian safety, focusing on three questions: (a) Are certain vehicle types more likely to strike pedestrians? (b) When a crash occurs, do vehicle types differ in the severity of pedestrian injuries? (c) Have design changes over time correlated with increased pedestrian injury and fatality rates? <em>Method:</em> We used ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests, negative binomial regressions, ordinal logit regressions, and Spearman’s rank order correlations to analyze 36,579 pedestrian crashes in Texas between 2016 and 2022 and controlled for exposure via vehicle registrations. <em>Results:</em> SUVs were 24.0% more likely than passenger cars to strike a pedestrian. Pickup trucks resulted in the highest injury severities (30.5% of pedestrian collisions resulted in a fatal or serious (KA) injury). Full-size SUVs were particularly hazardous, being 2.08 times more likely to strike and 2.12 times more likely to seriously or fatally injure pedestrians than other vehicle types (p &lt; 0.001). <em>Conclusions:</em> Vehicle height, rather than weight, was a stronger predictor of injury severity. Longitudinal increases in grille height were most closely linked with increases in pedestrian injury severity over the study period. Additionally, vehicle aging correlated with a rise in pedestrian injury severity. <em>Practical Applications:</em> By highlighting the heightened risks posed by taller front-end profiles and aging vehicles, the study provides evidence to support design modifications and regulatory interventions aimed at reducing pedestrian injuries and fatalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 657-668"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human factors considerations for safe and scalable human-robot collaboration in construction: A systematic review","authors":"Nana Kwabena Asamoah Antwi,&nbsp;Gilles Albeaino,&nbsp;Chukwuma Nnaji","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Robotic systems are increasingly being introduced into construction to address persistent safety challenges, limited productivity growth, and skilled labor shortages. However, the collaboration between humans and robots introduces new interaction dynamics that can reshape human behavioral state and responses. While prior reviews have examined construction robotics from technological, application, and adoption perspectives, a construction-specific synthesis that systematically consolidates human factors across Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) contexts remains limited. <em>Method:</em> This systematic review addresses that gap by identifying and categorizing the human factors examined in construction HRC research, synthesizing the subjective and objective measurement approaches used to assess these factors, and extracting recurring methodological and contextual limitations to inform a structured research roadmap for safe, scalable, and human-centered HRC deployment. Following PRISMA guidelines, Scopus and Web of Science were queried for records published between 2000 and 2026, resulting in 163 included studies after screening and eligibility assessment. <em>Results:</em> The findings showed that construction HRC research examines human responses across cognitive, affective, physical, and perceived acceptance and usability dimensions. These human-state outcomes are shaped by contextual and interaction parameters that define how robots are configured, introduced, and operated within construction environments. At the same time, assessment approaches for these responses were found to vary considerably, encompassing both self-report instruments and objective measurement techniques. <em>Conclusions and Practical Applications:</em> By consolidating dispersed empirical evidence into a coherent construction-focused synthesis and proposing a structured roadmap centered on human-focused responses, contextual scalability, and safety-system integration, this review provides actionable guidance for advancing deployment-ready, human-centered robotic interactions on active construction jobsites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 561-587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving crash data quality with large language models: Evidence from secondary crash narratives in Kentucky","authors":"Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Mei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: High-quality crash data are essential for traffic safety analysis, yet police-reported crash databases often suffer from underreporting and miscoding, particularly for secondary crashes. This study evaluates advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques to enhance crash data quality by mining crash narratives, using secondary crash identification in Kentucky as a case study. <em>Method</em>: Drawing from 16,656 manually reviewed narratives from 2015 to 2022, with 3803 confirmed secondary crashes, we systematically compared 11 models across four paradigms: zero-shot open-source large language models (LLMs), fine-tuned transformers, deep learning model with word embeddings, and logistic regression. Statistical significance was assessed using pairwise McNemar’s tests, and 95% bootstrap confidence intervals were computed for all metrics. <em>Results:</em> Fine-tuned transformers achieved statistically superior performance, forming a top-performing cluster that was indistinguishable internally. RoBERTa yielded the highest F1 (0.90) and accuracy (95.4%) while requiring only seconds of inference on the test set. Among zero-shot LLMs, Llama3:70B reached the best F1 (0.86) but required 139 min of inference. The BiLSTM baseline (F1: 0.79) was statistically indistinguishable from Qwen3:32B and Gemma3:27B, while logistic baseline lagged well behind (F1: 0.66). Qualitative error analysis revealed that RoBERTa and Llama3:70B exhibit complementary failure patterns, supporting ensemble deployment strategy. <em>Conclusions:</em> For agencies with labeled training data, fine-tuned RoBERTa is the recommended deployment choice, which offers the strongest accuracy at negligible computational cost. For agencies lacking labeled data, zero-shot LLMs such as Llama3:70B provide a viable alternative that can be deployed readily and simultaneously accumulate a labeled dataset for eventual transition to fine-tuned models. <em>Practical applications</em>: These findings allow transportation agencies to automate labor-intensive narrative reviews, addressing chronic data quality issues like secondary crash miscoding. Practical deployment considerations are discussed, which emphasize privacy-preserving local deployment, ensemble approaches for improved accuracy, and incremental processing for scalability, providing a replicable scheme for enhancing crash-data quality with advanced NLP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 588-598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury rates tell an incomplete story, but a more complete measurement narrative may be possible","authors":"Kevin Geddert,&nbsp;Sidney Dekker,&nbsp;Drew Rae","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.07.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.07.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Despite years of research challenging their validity, injury rate metrics continue to significantly influence decision-making in many organizations. In this paper, we argue that both the source of this problem and a solution rest in understanding the narrative power of these metrics. We explore this idea by developing and applying a set of alternative injury measurement tools specifically designed to provide more comprehensive and compelling narratives of injury performance. Comparing alternative measures with traditional stand-alone injury rates demonstrates how the overall narrative of injury performance changes through metric design. Our overall goal is not to fix the statistical validity of the metrics, but to improve safety decision-making through more complex discourse. <em>Method:</em> The analysis in this paper rests on three large organization case studies. In each case, study data from the organization was presented back to senior executives using: the injury rate alone; the average injury severity; and a weighted combination of rate and severity known as SAIF. The resultant conversations were then analyzed, supplemented by individual interviews with conversation participants. <em>Results:</em> This research highlights the importance of presenting injury rate and severity measures together and demonstrating their interplay, rather than as stand-alone metrics. Four guidelines are proposed for improving narratives and conversations based on injury metrics. The four guidelines are: pairing measures, continuous variability, a simple communication mechanism, and highlighting differences. <em>Conclusions and Practical Applications:</em> Together, these guidelines enable users of injury measures to generate more dynamic discussions from their metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 642-656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Understanding internal and external influences on seat belt use in the oil and gas extraction industry 97 (2026) 235–243”","authors":"Rosa L. Rodríguez-Acosta,&nbsp;Emily J. Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Page 690"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifiable behavioral and environmental risks for childhood injury among young children","authors":"Yang Yuan,&nbsp;Chun Yan,&nbsp;Donghe Li,&nbsp;David C. Schwebel,&nbsp;Danrui Liu,&nbsp;Ming Hu,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Guoqing Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Objective</em>: Behavioral and environmental risk exposure data are critical for child injury prevention, yet routine surveillance rarely collects such data. Using baseline data from a large cluster RCT conducted in China, we report prevalence rates of behavioral and environmental risks for child injury. <em>Methods</em>: Children aged 0–5 years were recruited between August 2024 and February 2025 from 12 streets/towns in Changsha, China, through local primary health care institutions in both urban and rural areas. Caregivers completed a WeChat-based questionnaire on socio-demographics and 46 behavioral and environmental child injury risk factors. We calculated composite scores for behavioral risk and environmental risk separately and dichotomized at the 66.7th percentile. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors. <em>Results</em>: Among 6,701 children aged 0–5 (53.0% boys; 64.1% aged 3–5 years; 59.5% urban), composite behavioral and environmental risk scores were right-skewed, with exposure of specific risk factors ranging from 0.4% to 85.2%. Common risks included infant bed-sharing (85.2% among infants), non-use of child restraint systems (CRS) (34.7%), and climbing or jumping on beds or furniture (29.8%). Compared with infants, children aged 1–2 and 3–5 years had lower behavioral risk (aPR = 0.87, 95%CI: 0.78–0.98 and aPR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.82–1.00) and lower environmental risk (aPR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.66–0.86 and aPR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.70–0.87). Boys (aPR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.08–1.24) had higher behavioral risk than girls. Rural children had lower behavioral risk (aPR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.77–0.91) but higher environmental risk (aPR = 1.42, 95%CI: 1.29–1.56). <em>Conclusions</em>: Several risky behaviors and hazardous environmental exposures are common among young Chinese children. Targeted injury prevention interventions are recommended. <em>Practical applications</em>: This study provides a comprehensive overview of modifiable injury risks for children aged 0–5 in China. The findings highlight the most prevalent hazards and can inform evidence-based interventions and resource allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 621-630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into vulnerable road user injury trends in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Canadian city trends 2012–2022","authors":"Linda Rothman,&nbsp;Andrew Howard,&nbsp;Meghan Winters,&nbsp;Natasha Saunders,&nbsp;Alison Macpherson,&nbsp;Brent E. Hagel,&nbsp;Colin Macarthur,&nbsp;Tate HubkaRao,&nbsp;Ian Pike,&nbsp;Saroar Zubair,&nbsp;Marie Soleil Cloutier,&nbsp;M. Anne Harris,&nbsp;Tim Chevrier,&nbsp;Moreno Zanotto,&nbsp;Pamela Fuselli,&nbsp;Brice Batomen","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.04.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Over the last decade, there have been major changes in travel modes and the implementation of road safety interventions in Canadian cities. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst for many of these rapid changes. It is, therefore, important to examine trends in vulnerable road user injuries (VRU), specifically among pedestrians and cyclists, that have occurred alongside these developments.<!--> <!-->The objectives of this study were to: (a) compare data availability and comprehensiveness of VRU injuries across cities and databases and (b)<!--> <!-->assess the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic<!--> <!-->by describing the temporal trends in VRU injuries in the different databases across four<!--> <!-->Canadian cities from 2012 to 2022. <em>Methods:</em> We used four data sources from Montréal (Quebec), Toronto (Ontario), Calgary (Alberta), and Vancouver (British Columbia): police-reported, insurance-reported, hospital emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. Descriptive analyses and comparisons of quarterly counts of VRU injuries from 2012 to 2022 were conducted by data source and by city. Injury trends were examined using an interrupted time series study design with March 11, 2020 (the World Health Organization declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic), as the interruption point. <em>Results:</em> The VRU injury burden estimates differed by data source with police-reported injuries generally lower than ED visits and hospitalizations except for Calgary pedestrian hospitalizations. Across all cities, fewer pedestrian injuries than expected were observed after 2020 relative to pre-pandemic trends. Generally, there were more cyclist non-motor vehicle injuries after the start of the pandemic. <em>Conclusions:</em> VRU injury burden differs by database, as data are collected for different purposes<!--> <!-->using<!--> <!-->different injury definitions. Cities and provinces had different policy responses to the pandemic emphasizing that local context is important when examining VRU injury trends. <em>Practical applications:</em> Linked, comprehensive, standardized, and timely VRU data across Canada are needed to accurately assess injury burden and<!--> <!-->facilitate safe sustainable transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 679-689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What states are most at risk? An epidemiologic analysis of state-level occupational heat-related illness and fatality trends over three decades","authors":"Charmaine Mullins-Jaime,&nbsp;John Stefancik,&nbsp;Aubrey Gannon,&nbsp;Christian Bourbai,&nbsp;Magesty Ismyana","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Background:</em> Occupational heat-related illnesses and fatalities are a growing public health concern. Understanding longitudinal geographic patterns and predictors can inform targeted prevention efforts. <em>Methods:</em> This study assessed three decades of state-level U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data on occupational heat-related illnesses (1992–2020) and fatalities (1992–2022). Generalized linear models (Poisson, negative binomial, and gamma regression) as well as linear regression models assessed temporal and temperature-related associations. <em>Results:</em> Substantial geographic variation was observed. Sixteen states showed increasing trends in heat-related illnesses, with several also experiencing rising median days lost from work, indicating increasing severity. Temperature averages were significantly associated with illness frequency and proportional rates across multiple states. Fatalities demonstrated less consistent associations, though most notably Texas exhibited a significant increase in worker deaths over time, with additional temperature-related trends in Texas and Arizona. <em>Conclusion:</em> Heat-related occupational illness and severity are rising in multiple U.S. states, highlighting the need for state-specific prevention and adaptation strategies. Findings support the development of workforce resilience standards and targeted interventions in high-risk industries during extreme heat events. This work contributes to the evidence base for policy development and workplace interventions to reduce heat-related occupational morbidity and mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 669-678"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}