Journal of Safety Research最新文献

{"title":"Driving anger reduces the evasive response likelihood in near-crash events: Insights from SHRP 2 Naturalistic Driving Study","authors":"Manhua Wang,&nbsp;Shu Han,&nbsp;Feng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Anger is a prevalent emotion that has been shown to negatively impact driving behavior, contributing to aggressive driving and road rage—both of which are well-known threats to traffic safety. This study investigated the effects of driving anger on evasive maneuvers immediately preceding crashes and near-crashes using naturalistic driving data, with particular attention to how emotional state interacts with event severity. <em>Methods:</em> This study used data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) and employed a case-cohort approach to evaluate the influence of anger on drivers’ reactions to traffic conflicts. Association analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between driving anger and other risk factors, including driver age, gender, and risky driving behavior scores. Logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the likelihood of an evasive maneuver given driver age, event severity, and the presence of driving anger. <em>Results:</em> Findings showed that teen drivers (ages 16–19) and young drivers (ages 20–29) were more likely to take evasive maneuvers in response to safety-critical events (i.e., near-crash and crash events) compared to middle-aged drivers. There was an interaction between event severity and driving anger presence; angry drivers were less likely to perform evasive maneuvers in near-crash events compared to non-impaired drivers. Among events with evasive maneuver present, anger was associated with comparable likelihood of braking, but reduced likelihood of combined braking-and-steering maneuvers compared to no impairment. <em>Conclusions:</em> The findings demonstrate that driving anger alters both the likelihood and structure of evasive responses in safety-critical situations, particularly in less severe but time-sensitive conflicts. <em>Practical Applications:</em> Our findings can inform the design of in-vehicle driver monitoring and alert systems and active safety technologies aimed at mitigating the risk of “no avoidance maneuver” behavior under heightened emotional states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 552-560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating subjective cycling safety via 360°Images and HMDs: A comparative study","authors":"Marc Schwarzkopf,&nbsp;Katharina Precht,&nbsp;Holger Hoffmann,&nbsp;A.C. Bullinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Subjective safety is a key determinant of cycling behavior and traffic risk perception, yet it is rarely assessed systematically in infrastructure evaluation. Because perceived safety does not necessarily correspond to objective indicators such as crash statistics or design standards, reliable methods are needed to capture experiential safety dimensions relevant to research and practice. Immersive technologies such as head-mounted displays (HMDs) may provide a controlled, scalable, effort- and resource-efficient addition or even alternative to rarely conducted on-site assessments. <em>Method</em>: This study investigated whether static stereoscopic 360° images presented via an HMD can approximate real-world evaluations of subjective cycling safety. Following two preparatory studies on representativeness (<em>N₁</em> = 92) and usability (<em>N₂</em> = 20), a comparative study was conducted with two independent cohorts (<em>N₃</em> = 129). One group assessed a bicycle street in real traffic conditions (<em>n</em> = 64), while the other evaluated the same locations using twelve 360° panoramas in an HMD (<em>n</em> = 65). Subjective safety was measured using five items adapted from a national cycling safety survey. Bayesian independent-samples t tests were conducted to examine convergence or divergence between assessment modes. <em>Results</em>: Findings indicated convergence for overall subjective safety (<em>BF</em>₁₀ = 0.67) and perceived conflicts with motor vehicles (<em>BF</em>₁₀ = 0.81), suggesting that HMD-based assessments can reproduce general safety impressions. However, participants in the HMD condition reported higher perceived conflict frequency with pedestrians (<em>BF</em>₁₀ = 735.95), more obstacles (<em>BF</em>₁₀ = 7.14), and lower perceived suitability for children and older adults (<em>BF</em>₁₀ = 2.83). Usability ratings were highly positive. <em>Conclusion and Practical Applications</em>: Static HMD-based assessments seem to validly capture key aspects of perceived cycling safety while offering a resource-efficient and controlled alternative to field surveys. The approach enables systematic integration of user perception into infrastructure planning and supports the development of safer cycling environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"98 ","pages":"Pages 631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148935133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of employee health and safety policies on the value of the organization","authors":"José Antonio Muñiz ,&nbsp;Charles Larkin ,&nbsp;Shaen Corbet","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: This study investigates the impact of Health and Safety (H&amp;S) policies on the valuation of over 2,000 U.S. organizations, where results indicate the existence of a significant positive value elevation as a result of successful H&amp;S Employee Policies implementation, with evidence of moderate variation partly attributed to the influence of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). <em>Results</em>: We find that the observed impact of H&amp;S policies on organization value is not an implicit reaction to COVID-19 pandemic policy implementation, but a consistent trend over a prolonged period, underscoring the strategic importance of H&amp;S policies in corporate valuation. <em>Practical applications</em>: The study presents a series of tests that demonstrate the specific benefit of H&amp;S Policy in enhancing organization value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 762-776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does having a certified occupational health and safety management system lead to a greater injury rate reduction? An evaluation of the Certificate of Recognition program in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Robert A Macpherson,&nbsp;Christopher B McLeod","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) programs are designed to create safer workplaces. However, research on their effectiveness is limited in terms of representation and rigor. This study evaluates whether firms that obtained an OHSMS certification via the Certificate of Recognition (COR) program experienced greater injury rate reductions than similar non-certified firms in Ontario, Canada. <em>Method:</em> Using firm and claim-level data from the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board and COR registration data from the Infrastructure Health and Safety Association, the effect of becoming certified on firm-level injury rates was assessed using a matched difference-in-differences study design with population averaged negative binomial regression models. <em>Results:</em> A total of 346 certified firms were matched with 310 non-certified firms during the years 2009 to 2020. Firms that became certified were associated with a greater reduction in the lost time injury rate (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63–0.84), high-impact injury rate (IRR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66–0.97) and no reduction in the no lost time injury rate (IRR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.92–1.08) relative to the change in similar non-certified firms. The effectiveness of certification was strongest in firms that were recently certified, larger, and in the construction sector. <em>Conclusions:</em> The findings suggest that COR can be an effective program in reducing injury rates in construction firms, and among larger and more recently certified firms. It is less effective in smaller and earlier certified firms, and not effective in non-construction firms. Furthermore, the effectiveness in construction firms may be subject to unmeasured selection bias. <em>Practical Applications:</em> OHSMS program evaluations can inform decision-makers on when, and under what circumstances programs work and where improvements can be made. In particular, the COR program appears most effective for large construction firms whereas small construction firms may benefit from other tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146102894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of electric bicycle riders’ visual strategies and riding performances when using a mobile phone","authors":"Weili Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Jacqueline T.Y. Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Electric bicycles have emerged as a prevalent mode of urban transportation. However, safety concerns remain prevalent due to riders’ engagement in distracting activities such as answering calls, checking messages, and texting while riding. <em>Method</em>: This study conducted a controlled experiment on a university campus roadway with 30 participants to investigate the combined impacts of mobile phone-related distractions and environmental obstacles on electric bicycle rider safety. A multimodal data acquisition framework was implemented, integrating fixed cameras for trajectory analysis and eye-tracking devices to quantify visual attention patterns. <em>Results</em>: Distracted riding induces significant alterations in both visual strategies and riding performance. Participants engaged in distracting tasks spent less time observing the forward roadway, evidenced by a decrease in fixation duration. Additionally, distraction resulted in reduced riding stability, characterized by decreased speed, increased acceleration variability, and a higher frequency of deflection angle changes compared to free riding conditions. Environmental obstacles further amplified these effects. <em>Conclusions</em>: Interactive phone tasks, particularly texting, pose significantly higher safety risks than passive tasks, especially in the presence of obstacles. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to mitigate such risks. <em>Practical Applications</em>: To enhance electric bicycle rider safety, recommended measures include implementing targeted educational programs emphasizing the dangers of distracted riding, especially for high-risk groups like young riders, and improving cycling infrastructure to minimize environmental hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning-based methods for spatial road safety analysis using in-vehicle telematics data: A systematic review","authors":"Simone Paradiso,&nbsp;Apostolos Ziakopoulos,&nbsp;George Yannis","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Road safety monitoring is essential for achieving safer mobility. Traditionally studied with statistical methods, the field is evolving due to AI and the growing availability of in-vehicle telematics data. These developments open new possibilities in terms of spatial analysis, leading to telematics-informed spatial scales, moving beyond reliance solely on geometric characteristics of spatial units. <em>Methods:</em> This research presents a structured review of the existing literature at the intersection of Learning-Based methods, spatial analysis, and surrogate safety measures derived from in to vehicle telematics data. Following PRISMA guidelines, 44 studies were identified through keyword searches and supplemented by reference screening or manual search and afterwards analyzed. The studies were analyzed and narratively synthesized focusing on data collection methods, feature engineering processes, and their implications on the selection of the spatial scale. The methods employed across the selected studies range from traditional econometrics to cutting-edge deep learning techniques, with explainable machine learning techniques employed to ensure the interpretability of the methods used. <em>Results:</em> Key methodological challenges are discussed, such as the interrelation between data source and spatial scale, the combination of the spatial scale alongside the methodological framework. The selected features and the important ones identified across the studies were highlighted. Finally, discussion on recent deep learning methodologies and their core advantages are presented. These findings provide valuable insights into the direction of future research, improving data integration, deployment of AI models and the selection of the spatial scale. <em>Conclusions:</em> Advancements in AI and telematics data are reshaping road safety research, providing new tools to interpret safety analyses and generate actionable insights. Clarifying the relationships among data sources, feature selection, and spatial scale would strengthen the analytical framework and improve understanding for safer mobility. <em>Practical Applications</em>: Telematics-informed spatial safety assessments through AI models enable interventions tailored to actual driver behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 737-761"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving crash data quality by identifying misclassified alcohol-involved crashes using NLP on narrative data","authors":"Sudesh Bhagat ,&nbsp;Raghupathi Kandiboina ,&nbsp;Ibne Farabi Shihab ,&nbsp;Skylar Knickerbocker ,&nbsp;Neal Hawkins ,&nbsp;Anuj Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Road traffic crashes remain a leading cause of fatalities worldwide, underscoring the need for accurate data to guide prevention strategies and evidence-based policymaking. However, crash databases often suffer from misclassification, underreporting, and inconsistencies, particularly in alcohol-involved cases, which limits the reliability of safety analyses. <em>Method:</em> This study addresses this issue by identifying and quantifying Misclassified Alcohol-Involved Crashes (MAICs) using a Natural Language Processing (NLP) framework based on the BERT model. The framework analyzed 371,062 crash records from Iowa (2016-2022) and identified 3,895 misclassified alcohol-involved crashes (MAICs) out of 19,177 alcohol-involved cases predicted by the model, corresponding to an overall misclassification rate of 20.35% and a confidence interval of 18.86%-21.85%. To examine the factors contributing to these errors, a mixed-effects Probit Logit regression model was applied, incorporating behavioral, environmental, and roadway attributes. <em>Results:</em> Results indicated that fatal and nighttime crashes were less likely to be misclassified, whereas crashes involving older or younger drivers, heavy trucks, and vulnerable road users showed higher odds of misclassification. A Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) analysis revealed significant county-level clusters of misclassifications, suggesting regional differences in enforcement and reporting practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 777-791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the role of metacognitive awareness in the self-regulation of driving among older adults","authors":"Steven Love,&nbsp;Kayla B. Stefanidis","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Metacognitive awareness, the ability to be aware of and regulate one’s internal processes, may play a role in how effectively older drivers both manage their attention and assess their driving capabilities. <em>Method:</em> This study investigated the links between self-reported metacognitive awareness, subjective changes in driving skills, driving inattention, and driving regulation in a sample (<em>N</em> = 713) of Australian drivers aged 60 years and older. <em>Results:</em> The results showed that most participants reported minimal change in their driving skills over the past few years, with higher proportions reporting improvements rather than decline. Comparative analyses indicated that participants who rated their cognitive-motor skills as improved scored higher in metacognitive evaluation, metacognitive awareness of driving attention, and driving quantity, but lower in driving inattention, regulation, and age. Bivariate correlations revealed significant associations between metacognitive evaluation, metacognitive awareness whilst driving, subjective changes in driving skills, driving inattention, and the regulation of driving. However, follow-up path analysis suggested the interrelationships between these constructs were complex. Where greater metacognitive evaluation and awareness of attention were linked with improved driving attention and a decreased tendency to regulate driving, metacognitive evaluation and awareness of thoughts and feelings were tied with greater subjective safety-behavior skills and an increased tendency to regulate driving. <em>Practical applications:</em> The findings suggest that metacognitive awareness may support safer driving behaviors among older adults by encouraging appropriate regulation of driving and enhancing attention management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School zone speed compliance in the ACT, Australia: Risks, findings and recommendations for improved safety","authors":"Martin Elsegood,&nbsp;James Thompson,&nbsp;Giulio Ponte","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Children are among the most vulnerable road users, with pedestrian injuries being a leading contributor to serious trauma and death among children. Due to their smaller physical size, less developed cognitive and perceptual skills, limited road awareness, and unpredictable behavior, children are at heightened risk in traffic environments, even in dedicated school zones with reduced speed limits. <em>Method:</em> This study analyzed vehicle speed distributions and compliance with posted speed limits across school zone sites near 59 schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), exploring how default speed limits, road features, vehicle class, and school characteristics influenced motorist behavior. <em>Results:</em> School zones effectively reduced mean vehicle speeds during active periods (8 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the ACT). However, non-compliance remains a concern: 36% of vehicles exceeded the 40 <!--> <!-->km/h limit during active school zone times, with speeding more prevalent on roads with higher default limits (e.g., 60 <!--> <!-->km/h) and among light vehicles. School zones with traffic-calming infrastructure, such as narrowed lanes, pedestrian crossings, and speed humps, improved speed compliance. The study also highlights inconsistencies in school zone policies across Australian jurisdictions, particularly regarding active school zone periods and reduced speed limits. International and domestic literature informed several recommendations to improve school zone safety in the ACT, including adopting lower speed limits (ideally 30 <!--> <!-->km/h or less), extending active school zone periods to reflect child pedestrian presence, expanding traffic-calming treatments, and leveraging automated enforcement technologies. <em>Conclusions:</em> Current ACT school-zone settings reduce speeds but do not reliably achieve safe operating conditions for child pedestrians. Enhancements to limits, design, and enforcement are needed to better support Safe System objectives. <em>Practical applications:</em> Implementing lower speed limits, harmonizing operating periods, increasing traffic-calming treatments, and applying automated enforcement can feasibly and substantially improve child safety around schools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 9-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How have the associations between crash risks and roadway, speed, and the built environment changed after COVID-19?","authors":"Xiaoxia Dong,&nbsp;Erick Guerra,&nbsp;Jasmine Siyu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Several U.S. cities saw significant increases in traffic fatalities after the COVID-19 pandemic. What remains unclear is what factors are associated with the rise in traffic crash risks post-COVID, and how these associations are different from those pre-COVID. This inadequate understanding presents an obstacle to optimizing resource allocation and prioritizing safety enhancement strategies post-COVID. <em>Method:</em> We used multilevel negative binomial logit models to examine the associations between motor-vehicle crashes and fatal crashes that occurred on roadways and at intersections in the Philadelphia region and a series of road configuration, speed, built environment, and socioeconomic factors. We compared these associations between pre-COVID (2017–2019) and post-COVID (2021–2023) periods to identify notable differences. <em>Results:</em> We found that roads and intersections in the study area became deadlier post-COVID amid an overall decline in total traffic crashes. Fast local roads and arterials had the most drastic increases in fatal crash risks post-COVID. COVID widened the disparity in fatal crashes between neighborhoods with higher and lower poverty rates. <em>Conclusions and practical applications:</em> By comparing the relationship between crashes, roadway characteristics, socioeconomic conditions, and the built environment, our study enables targeted recommendations for roadway design, street network planning, and speed management to enhance safety post-COVID.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}