Journal of Safety Research最新文献

{"title":"Snow or ice-related injury claims in cold months during 2016–2021","authors":"Komi K.S. Modji,&nbsp;Katherine E. McCoy,&nbsp;Paul D. Creswell,&nbsp;Carrie D. Tomasallo,&nbsp;Sheryl Bedno","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Falls, a preventable worker-related injury, are major contributors to worker’s disability and death. In spite of this, there is relatively little analysis on snow or ice- related slips, trips and falls among workers in the workers’ compensation system. This analysis aimed to describe the frequency, characteristics, and occupational burden of snow or ice-related slip, trip, or fall (STF) claims in Wisconsin. <em>Methods:</em> This study is a descriptive analysis of working age adults’ snow or ice-related STF lost time claims during the months of October through April for the years 2016–2022. <em>Results:</em> A total of 7,385 claims were reported, which represented 33.1% of all STF injuries. The overall claim rate during the study period was 2.65 claims per 1,000 workers (95% CI: 2.60 – 2.71). Workers aged 45 years or more had the highest risk. Fracture of lower leg, including ankle (20.3%), intracranial injury (10.7%), and fracture of the forearm (7.3%) were the most frequent primary diagnoses among hospitalized cases or seen in the emergency room. The mean lost time was 11.8 weeks (range: 0.5 – 210.3 weeks). Transportation and Warehousing, Public Administration and Wholesale Trade industries had the highest burden. Occupations with the highest burden were Transportation and Material Moving, Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance, Installation, Maintenance, and Repair. Conclusions: Snow or ice-related STFs remain a common cause of injuries in cold weather and are particularly relevant for an aging workforce. <em>Practical Applications:</em> This analysis informs on the occupational burden of the snow or ice-related events on workers. It is important for preparedness and prevention efforts because of the frequency of unpredictable snow or ice events particularly in regions that are not used to it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 170-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expectancy × value models of the relations between demographic, psychological, and situational factors and speeding behavior","authors":"Dustin Wood ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kofi Adanu ,&nbsp;P.D. Harms","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> This study illustrates how <em>expectancy × value (E × V)</em> models can be created from responses to driving scenarios to model both: (1) reasons for the general tendency to speed in a particular situation and (2) reasons that specific personal or situational factors predict the likelihood of speeding within that situation. <em>Method:</em> The method was applied to predicting the self-rated likelihood of speeding in a specific driving scenario. Data from 302 participants who completed an online survey were used for the analysis. <em>Results:</em> The E × V models indicated that the average person tended to see both reasons <em>to</em> speed in this situation, such as to arrive at a meeting on time, and reasons <em>not to</em> speed, such as to avoid a crash or speeding ticket. The results further clarify how specific personal and situational factors were associated with reasoning about speeding. For instance, people who described <em>speeding regularly</em> were modeled as more likely to speed in part due to their greater expectation that speeding would be enjoyable and their greater valuation of being on time. And people who described <em>valuing rules</em> were modeled as less likely to speed in part due to greater expectations that speeding would result in a crash or injury. <em>Practical Applications:</em> We describe how E × V models can be further elaborated to better represent the psychological processes and reasoning underlying speeding and other unsafe driving behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 135-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying relevant patterns between injury crashes and road safety inspection deficiencies","authors":"Rubén Gutiérrez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Eduardo Rojí ,&nbsp;Jesús Cuadrado","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Crashes are the result of a complex interaction of many factors. However, the severity of injuries is often influenced by road conditions. <em>Method:</em> Data mining techniques, in particular Association Rule Mining (ARM), help to uncover non-trivial patterns in crash data, providing essential information for effective countermeasures to improve road safety and reduce crash severity. Using ARM, this study analyzes the relationship between crash severity and factors such as road deficiencies identified during safety inspections (Element Subject to Improvement or ESI) on two roads in Spain. <em>Results:</em> The primary findings reveal a strong link between vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists) and crash severity. These results align with the Strategic Plan of the Basque Country, which aims to reduce severe road injuries by 50% by 2030, identifying the need for specific interventions to protect this type of user. Pedestrian casualty crashes are linked to inadequate restraint systems, while bicycle-related crashes are associated with glare from road orientation, inadequate shoulders, and inappropriate barriers. Unchanneled access points on roads also pose risks for cyclists. For motorcycles, factors such as inadequate speed limitations, poor shoulder design, and obsolete or inadequate restraint systems are strongly associated with crash severity. Poor signage, illegible road markings, water accumulation, and inadequate transport stops further contribute to increased crash severity. <em>Conclusions and practical applications:</em> Based on these findings, key countermeasures should focus on protecting vulnerable road users. Recommendations include installing pedestrian-friendly barriers and clear pedestrian pathways, widening shoulders, implementing anti-glare barriers for cyclists, and adding motorcycle-friendly restraint systems. Dynamic speed controls and better road signage are critical for reducing risks to motorcyclists. Other important measures include improving drainage systems to prevent water accumulation and redesigning public transport stops for safer bus merging areas. These targeted interventions can significantly reduce crash severity and support broader road safety goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 99-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of Public Safety Power Shutoffs and motor vehicle crashes","authors":"Alyson B. Harding ,&nbsp;Gillian A.M. Tarr ,&nbsp;Jesse D. Berman ,&nbsp;Darin J. Erickson ,&nbsp;Marizen R. Ramirez","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Utility companies in California de-energize equipment during periods of high wildfire risk. These Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS) are designed to prevent power lines from igniting wildfires. The loss of electricity and subsequent failure of traffic signals may increase the risk of motor-vehicle crashes. <em>Methods:</em> We determined the daily number of motor-vehicle crashes per county for all 58 California counties between September 15th and November 30th, 2019, a period of high wildfire risk. We obtained electrical circuit-level information from the California Public Utilities Commission and created two daily PSPS exposure metrics: the equivalent to (1) the number of utility customers and (2) the percent of households in the county without power for a full day. Exposure metrics were categorized into quartiles of households or population impacted by PSPS. We generated random effects negative binomial models to estimate the association between PSPS exposure quartile and motor-vehicle crashes at the county-day level. <em>Results</em>: We observed 522 county-days that experienced a PSPS event and 104,627 motor-vehicle crashes during our 77-day study period. Effect estimates from models using the two exposure metrics were similar. Higher levels of PSPS exposure were associated with slight decreases in the rate of motor-vehicle crashes. In the customer-day model, the highest level of PSPS exposure was associated with a 7% decrease in motor-vehicle crashes per 100,000 county residents (RR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.98) compared to days without PSPS. <em>Conclusions:</em> Despite the failure of traffic signals, road lighting, and other traffic safety equipment during power outages, the fall 2019 PSPS events were not associated with an increase in motor-vehicle crashes, potentially due to changes in driving habits and behavior. <em>Practical Applications:</em> PSPS may have unintentional consequences. Motor-vehicle safety during PSPS should be a focus of future monitoring efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct and indirect effects of road attributes on traffic safety","authors":"Wookjae Yang ,&nbsp;Sangjin Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Providing safe road infrastructure is increasingly gaining attention worldwide as part of the effort to reduce road deaths and injuries. Halving road fatalities by 2030 is one of the targets among the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. This study aims to understand how road traffic conditions, including vehicle speeds and volumes, mediate the relationship between road design and traffic safety. <em>Method:</em> In particular, the study relies on 78 road attributes pertaining to road design features, as published in the International Road Assessment Programme’s (iRAP) Star Rating and Investment Plan Manual. The star rating was conducted along a 68 km segment of a national highway in Korea, and these coded data were associated with both traffic and crash data. The traffic data, in this case, the average vehicle volume and speed, are sourced from the View-T platform in Korea. Crash data were obtained from Traffic Accident Analysis Systems in Korea. <em>Results:</em> The application of principal component analysis (PCA) identified three principal components—principal component (PC) 1 represents attributes related to pedestrians and roadside facilities, PC2 represents cross-sections and intersections, and PC3 represents attributes related to road surfaces and curvatures. In addition, piecewise structural equation modeling confirmed that PC1 is the only component that has a direct effect on the number of crashes. <em>Practical applications:</em> The finding suggests that pedestrian and roadside facilities easily added or removed during road operations are more critical than geometric attributes established at the road design stage. The study also confirms the indirect effects of the aspects of speed and volume on the likelihood of a crash.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 156-169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belief-based predictors of portable pool safety behaviors among parents of young children","authors":"Kyra Hamilton ,&nbsp;Jacob J. Keech ,&nbsp;Amy E. Peden","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Swimming pools pose a significant drowning risk to young children, with little research investigating safety around portable pools. This study explores the beliefs Australian parents of children aged under 5 years hold toward portable pool safety behaviors. <em>Methods</em>: A two-phase online survey design guided by the belief-based framework of the theory of planned behavior was used. Phase 1 comprised open ended questions to identify parents’ (<em>N</em> = 50) modal salient beliefs regarding three portable pool safety behaviors: (1) supervising their child within arm’s reach; (2) ensuring adequate fencing for portable pools 300 mm and deeper; and (3) emptying and storing the pool safely when not in use. Phase 2 (N = 214) used a quantitative survey to examine the key behavioral, normative, and control beliefs predicting parents’ intentions regarding the three safety behaviors. <em>Results</em>: A range of beliefs that impact parents’ intentions for each of the three safety behaviors for portable pools were identified. These included, for example, behavioral beliefs around teaching water skills and preventing drowning/injury; normative beliefs of approval from family members; and control beliefs around time and ease. Differences in beliefs informing intentions across the three safety behaviors were also observed. <em>Conclusions</em>: Findings provide valuable insights into the beliefs parents hold regarding keeping their young children safe around portable pools. This knowledge can be used to inform education and awareness raising initiatives for parents of young children regarding portable pool safety, specifically targeting these identified beliefs to improve compliance. <em>Practical Implications:</em> Efforts of drowning prevention organizations and product and consumer safety authorities should prioritize these beliefs in messaging to foster parents’ intentions to comply with portable pool safety behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scientometric analysis of three decades of research on workplace psychosocial hazards: Implications for policy and practice","authors":"Subas P. Dhakal ,&nbsp;Muhammad N. Mahmood","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> The Workplace Psychosocial Hazards (WPH) agenda has gained policy currency in the context of the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For instance, SDG#8 explicitly aims to protect labor rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers under the umbrella term of decent work. More importantly, WPH has become a significant priority of workplace health and safety management (WHSM) practices because of the high cost associated with workers’ well-being and reduced productivity and performance. Nevertheless, a comprehensive analysis of WPH-related literature remains scant. <em>Method:</em> This article responds to this gap and analyses scholarly research outputs between 1993 and 2022 available in the Scopus database (n = 521) with two specific objectives: (a) to identify key research trends, key focus areas, collaboration networks, and prominent research institutions/countries and (b) generate insights into informing workplace safety and health management (WSHM) practices and future research. <em>Results:</em> The analysis revealed that the research topics with the most emphasis were occupational health, mental health and stress. In contrast, topics such as policy assessment, sustainable development, and shift work received the least attention. <em>Practical Applications:</em> Given that the scientometrics analysis has the potential to inform the WPH agenda, this article contributes to the discussions on three thematic implications of the analysis in the context of future research directions: (a) policy initiatives, (b) WHSM practices, and (c) research partnerships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 79-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety in high-reliability organizations: The role of upward voice, team learning, and safety climate","authors":"Inmaculada Silla ,&nbsp;Julie-Anne Gajudo ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Gracia","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Maintaining and sustaining safety is extremely critical in high-reliability organizations. Upward voice contributes to a proactive approach to safety and allows the early identification of potential problems before they cascade into tragic consequences. Despite its relevance, research tends to focus on the antecedents of upward voice rather than its consequences or the mechanisms and boundary conditions that explain its potential benefits for safety. <em>Method:</em> This study responds to this research gap by examining the relationship between upward voice and safety performance, and the mediating role of team learning in this relationship. The current study also explores the moderating effect of safety climate on the direct effect of upward voice on team learning. Additionally, it examines how this moderation influences the indirect effect of upward voice on safety performance through team learning. The sample was composed of 617 workers from two nuclear power plants of the same organization. <em>Results:</em> Results revealed a moderated mediation effect: the indirect effect of upward voice on safety performance through team learning was conditional upon the level of safety climate. As safety climate increases, the indirect positive effect becomes stronger.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing distraction-related safety performance functions at interchange ramp terminals in Kentucky","authors":"Arunabha Banerjee,&nbsp;Bharat Kumar Pathivada,&nbsp;Kirolos Haleem,&nbsp;Tathagatha Khan,&nbsp;Dylan Justice","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> <!-->The complexity of ramp terminals, coupled with distracted driving (which impairs drivers’ abilities and slows reaction time), presents significant challenges to drivers. The safety at interchange ramp terminals, particularly concerning distracted driving crashes, has not been thoroughly investigated. This study develops safety performance functions (SPFs) for fatal-and-injury (FI) distraction-related crashes at ramp terminals in Kentucky between 2018 and 2021. <em>Method:</em> <!-->To account for zero-inflated count data, zero-inflated models, including the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB), zero-inflated Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (ZICMP), and zero-inflated heterogeneous Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (ZIHTCMP), were used. <em>Results:</em> <!-->The goodness-of-fit measures indicated that the ZIHTCMP model outperformed the other models. From the developed SPFs, the distance to adjacent ramp terminal (&gt; 800 ft) and presence of traffic signal control were associated with increased FI distraction-related crashes. On the other hand, the presence of a channelizing island at the exit ramp, presence of rumble strips at the exit ramp, presence of an exclusive left-turn on the crossroad (or major road), and higher number of lanes at the exit ramp were associated with reduced FI distraction-related crashes. An in-depth investigation of distraction-related crashes at the high-crash ramp terminal locations revealed that “in-vehicle distraction” and “cognitive distraction” were the most common incidents. <em>Practical Applications:</em> <!-->Based on the study findings, several targeted countermeasures were proposed to improve safety related to distracted driving at ramp terminals, such as designing ramp terminals within 800 ft of each other, installation of retroreflective backplates on signal heads, and installation of optical speed bars on the exclusive right-turning lanes on crossroads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 66-78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety performance functions for motorcycle crashes at interchange ramp segments","authors":"Bharat Kumar Pathivada ,&nbsp;Arunabha Banerjee ,&nbsp;Kirolos Haleem ,&nbsp;Tathagatha Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Compared to other facilities (e.g., road segments and intersections), ramp segments pose more challenges for motorcycles due to their higher operating speeds (especially for merging and weaving maneuvers) and sharp curves. This study investigates motorcycle crash frequency at interchange ramp segments by developing motorcycle crash-specific safety performance functions (SPFs). Data on motorcycle-involved crashes in Kentucky over eight years (2015 to 2022) were used. Extensive ramp-specific information at 147 interchange ramp segments was manually collected. <em>Method:</em> <!-->The crash dataset exhibited marginal over-dispersion (i.e., crash variance is marginally greater than its mean); therefore, both negative binomial (NB) and Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (CMP) modeling approaches with fixed and varying dispersion parameters were explored. <em>Results:</em> <!-->The results showed that the CMP model with varying dispersion parameter (i.e., the heterogeneous CMP or HTCMP model) outperformed the other models based on various goodness-of-fit and prediction performance measures. The SPF model results revealed that higher ramp annual average daily traffic “AADT” and presence of roadside barriers were associated with increased motorcycle crash frequency along ramp segments. On the other hand, presence of right shoulder rumble strips, wider ramp lanes, and relatively longer gore lengths were significantly associated with reduced motorcycle crash frequency along ramp segments. The predicted crash frequencies from the HTCMP model were used to identify and rank high motorcycle-crash ramp segments using the empirical Bayes (EB) method. <em>Practical Applications:</em> <!-->Several safety countermeasures were proposed to reduce motorcycle crashes at interchange ramp segments, such as installing grooved rumble strips on the shoulders to alert drifting motorcyclists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}