Journal of Safety Research最新文献

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The importance of employee-engaged safety audits to reduce LTI and safety-related costs 员工参与的安全审计对于减少LTI和安全相关成本的重要性
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.010
MiSeong Park , JungWoo Lee
{"title":"The importance of employee-engaged safety audits to reduce LTI and safety-related costs","authors":"MiSeong Park ,&nbsp;JungWoo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Objectives</em>: This study explores the association between leading indicators such as employee participation and safety audits and lagging indicators such as LTI and safety-related costs over a ten year period, offering insights to guide workplace safety management and policy. <em>Methods</em>: The study employed a quantitative research design, analyzing data collected from a sample of the refractory industry company. Employee participation rates in safety audits were measured and correlated with Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate (LTIFR) and safety-related costs. Statistical methods, including regression analysis, independent samples <em>t</em>-test were used to determine the relationship between safety audit participation and safety performance indicators. <em>Results</em>: The study’s findings reveal that high participation rates in safety audits are associated with a reduction in LTI, highlighting the importance of involving employees in safety management programs. However, the influence of safety audit participation on safety-related costs remains ambiguous, necessitating further investigation into other variables. <em>Conclusions</em>: This study provides valuable insights into enhancing safety management practices by demonstrating the critical role of employee participation in safety audits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 792-800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of driver direct visibility in passenger vehicles on the risk of turning crashes with pedestrians 乘用车驾驶员的直接能见度对与行人发生转向碰撞风险的影响
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.006
Wen Hu , Jessica Cicchino
{"title":"Effects of driver direct visibility in passenger vehicles on the risk of turning crashes with pedestrians","authors":"Wen Hu ,&nbsp;Jessica Cicchino","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> This study examined if characteristics of direct visibility metrics in passenger vehicles, such as large blind zones, corresponded with higher risk of turning crashes with pedestrians aged 16 years and older. It also evaluated effects of vehicle front structures on some direct visibility metrics. <em>Method:</em> Single-passenger vehicle, single-pedestrian crashes in seven states were included. Direct visibility metrics included driver- and passenger-side blind zone sizes, front nearest visible point (NVP) distance, and front field of view (FOV) width; measurements were taken on 168 combinations of vehicle make, series, and redesign years. Logistic regression analyses evaluated effects of visibility metrics and other factors on the odds of a left- or right-turning pedestrian crash, relative to straight-moving. Linear regression analyses examined effects of front structures on blind zone sizes and front NVP distances. <em>Results:</em> For left-turning pedestrian crashes, large (&gt; 30%) and medium (&gt; 20% and ≤ 30%) driver-side blind zones were, respectively, associated with a significant 75.3% and 62.4% increase in the odds, compared with a small size (≤ 20%). A narrow front FOV (≤ 85°) was associated with a significant 49.6% increase in the odds, compared with a wide FOV (&gt; 90°). A long front NVP distance (&gt; 9 m) was associated with a significant 35.3% increase in the odds, compared with a short distance (≤ 6 m). No significant associations were found between visibility metrics and right-turning pedestrian crashes. <em>Conclusions:</em> Larger driver-side blind zones, longer front NVP distances, and narrower front FOVs increased risk of left-turning pedestrian crashes. Effects of A-pillars, side mirrors, hoods, and windshields on blind zone sizes and front NVP distances were also validated. <em>Practical applications:</em> Findings could help automakers improve safety for road users outside vehicles with changes in vehicle design to enhance drivers’ direct vision and improvements to AEB technology to address vehicle-turning conflicts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 801-810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the predictors and experiences of hangover driving in young adults 探索年轻人宿醉驾驶的预测因素和经验
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.004
Michelle Nicolls, Lisa Buckley
{"title":"Exploring the predictors and experiences of hangover driving in young adults","authors":"Michelle Nicolls,&nbsp;Lisa Buckley","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aims:</em> Driving with a hangover can have significant impacts on driving ability. It has been identified that young adults experience more frequent and severe hangover symptoms compared to older adults. Given young adults have less driving experience, this may present a concern for road safety if this group of drivers engage in hangover driving. The paper involved two studies exploring young adults’ experiences with hangover driving. <em>Methods and Results:</em> In Study 1, 23 young adults (ranging 18–23 years; 52% female) were interviewed. Following template analyses, two themes were identified. The first theme (awareness and strategies) identified young adults understand the impacts of hangover driving on their concentration and attention, yet the risks associated with hangover driving were rarely described. The second theme (justification) identified the reasoning young adults described for hangover driving, such as they had to get home, it was only a short drive, and the behavior is not as risky as drink driving. In Study 2, 252 young adults (ranging 18–25 years; 75% female) were surveyed. Regression results revealed being male, living in non-metropolitan locations, holding an open license, experiencing hangover symptoms yearly, and having one or more hangovers in the previous month increased the likelihood of hangover driving. <em>Conclusions:</em> Findings provide insight into young adults’ hangover driving, yet further understanding may be required to identify ways to discourage this behavior. <em>Practical Applications:</em> Findings have provided directions for further research, with the aim of identifying potential ways to prevent hangover driving among young adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 239-243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterizing driving under the influence arrest detection, 2002–2023 2002-2023年酒驾逮捕侦查特征
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.010
James Macinko , Mia Ann Xu , Diana Silver
{"title":"Characterizing driving under the influence arrest detection, 2002–2023","authors":"James Macinko ,&nbsp;Mia Ann Xu ,&nbsp;Diana Silver","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Background</em>: Driving under the influence of alcohol is a serious threat to public health. While U.S. states have employed a range of measures to curb drink driving, the majority of those who engage in this behavior go undetected. <em>Methods</em>: Secondary analysis of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2002–2023. Multivariable Poisson regression of self-reported drinking and driving, self-reported DUI arrests, and those who report drinking and driving but were not apprehended (undetected DUI) controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors across each survey period. <em>Results:</em> Self-reported drink driving rates were 15% in 2002–2014 and 8.5% in 2021–2023. The highest drink driving rates observed were among White populations at about 41% in 2002–2014, and about 21% in 2021–2023. Among drink drivers, approximately 4.6% reported a DUI arrest in the past year with little change over time. Women, younger populations, non-White race, and ethnic groups and those who do not report binge drinking were less likely to report drinking and driving than their respective reference groups in all periods. For those who report drink driving in the past year, there was a 95% chance of reporting no DUI arrest in the same year. Being female, having higher income, and being White or Asian/Pacific Islander were associated with higher rates of undetected DUIs. <em>Conclusions:</em> While self-reported drinking and driving has declined, the majority of those who drink and drive are not detected by law enforcement. New, more effective strategies will be needed to address this significant public health problem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 277-284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of chronotype on e-bike riders’ alertness: Evidence based on behavior and fNIRS 时间类型对电动自行车骑行者警觉性的影响:基于行为和fNIRS的证据
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.008
Lvqing Miao , Yunxin Chang , Xinke Jiang , David C. Schwebel , Lichun He , Yongjiang Shen , Huarong Wang
{"title":"Effect of chronotype on e-bike riders’ alertness: Evidence based on behavior and fNIRS","authors":"Lvqing Miao ,&nbsp;Yunxin Chang ,&nbsp;Xinke Jiang ,&nbsp;David C. Schwebel ,&nbsp;Lichun He ,&nbsp;Yongjiang Shen ,&nbsp;Huarong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Objectives:</em> Physiology, personality, and cognitive ability are all associated with safe behavior in traffic. Chronotype, an individual’s inclination to feel most alert at particular time of day, is an underexplored factor that may also affect safety. This study explores the effects of chronotype on e-bike riders’ alertness from the perspectives of behavior and hemodynamic response to cortex activation. <em>Methods:</em> A total of 64 Chinese riders, 34 morning-type and 30 evening-type, were recruited based on their score on the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. A mixed experimental 2 (chronotype: morning-type group vs. evening-type group) * 2 (test time: a.m. vs. p.m.) design was conducted, with riders’ performance on an alertness task while engaged and cerebral cortex activation serving as outcome measures. <em>Results:</em> Morning-type riders had a faster response than evening-type riders when testing in the morning and evening-type riders reacted faster in the afternoon. More broadly, all riders showed greater accuracy on the alertness task in the morning. Hemodynamic response to cortex activation varied across riders and test times, with significant differences in activation of multiple channels in the primary visual cortex (PVC). Specifically, the morning-type riders showed positive activation in the morning and negative activation in the afternoon, while the evening-type riders showed negative activation at both testing times, with higher activation in the morning. The alertness of the riders demonstrates the synchronicity of brain – behavior, the activation state of some channels (CH1, CH3, CH5, CH8) in the PFC region was significantly correlated with riders’ alertness behavior. <em>Conclusion:</em> Chronotype affects e-bike riders’ alertness, as evidenced both by behavioral and brain activation pattern outcomes. The impact varies depending on riding time, with morning-type riders exhibiting better riding alertness in the morning and evening-type riders showing advantages in the afternoon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 292-299"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numeracy and format influences comprehension of car seat recommendations 计算和格式影响对汽车座椅建议的理解
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.005
Brittany Shoots-Reinhard , Julie A. Mansfield , Maya Nintcheff , Ujin Bayarbadrakh , Gretchen H. Baker
{"title":"Numeracy and format influences comprehension of car seat recommendations","authors":"Brittany Shoots-Reinhard ,&nbsp;Julie A. Mansfield ,&nbsp;Maya Nintcheff ,&nbsp;Ujin Bayarbadrakh ,&nbsp;Gretchen H. Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2026.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction</em>: Child restraint systems (CRS) save lives in motor-vehicle crashes (MVCs) but incorrect use of CRS is common. One example is inappropriate transition between modes (e.g., rear-facing, forward-facing, and/or booster). Understanding manufacturer guidelines is therefore critical, but guidelines exceed consumer reading levels. The goal of this research is to examine the role of numeracy (i.e., math ability) in comprehension of CRS guidelines, which are highly numeric (e.g., relying on height, weight, age). <em>Method:</em> In an online experiment, 400 participants (who had previously completed an adaptive measure of numeracy) were shown one of six CRS usage diagrams based on major manufacturer’s guidelines and answered questions about the appropriateness of CRS mode depending on child’s height, weight, and age. We created two comprehension indices, one that allowed for two correct answers if both were appropriate and another with only the more conservative answer counting as correct. Participants also indicated perceived comprehension of the diagrams, knowledge of current CRS best practices, and prior CRS experience. <em>Results:</em> Average performance on CRS comprehension was 73% and 80% for the less and more conservative indices, respectively. Controlling for knowledge of CRS best practices and prior CRS experience, those higher in numeracy performed better in both perceived and actual comprehension. Perceived and actual comprehension also depended on diagram. <em>Conclusions:</em> Our results suggest that CRS diagrams currently used by manufacturers are somewhat well-understood by consumers, but that there is room for improvement. The results for numeracy and the differences across diagrams suggest that reducing text and visual aids could improve comprehension. Although visualizations can help under certain circumstances, they were not shown to aid comprehension here. <em>Practical applications:</em> Taken together, our results suggest that current manufacturer guidelines can be improved. They should be simplified by streamlining text and removing unnecessary visual aids, such as number lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 259-267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of driver characteristics and traffic-calming measures on speed 驾驶员特征和交通镇定措施对车速的影响
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.007
Santiago Martín-Castresana, María Jesús García-García, Concepción González-García, María Castro
{"title":"Effect of driver characteristics and traffic-calming measures on speed","authors":"Santiago Martín-Castresana,&nbsp;María Jesús García-García,&nbsp;Concepción González-García,&nbsp;María Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Moderating traffic speed is essential for pedestrian safety, particularly in areas where there are crossroads. Identifying how driver characteristics influence the effectiveness of traffic-calming measures can support more targeted interventions. This study examines the impact of driver characteristics (such as driving exposure, age and gender) on speed reduction achieved through various traffic-calming measures. <em>Method:</em> The research was conducted at a simulated crosswalk near a school on a rural road in the community of Madrid, Spain. Four road markings (green longitudinal line, dragon’s teeth, red median, and broken edge line) were evaluated against a base scenario (no traffic-calming measures) using a driving simulator. A general linear model (GLM) was applied, along with analyses of mean, low, and high speeds. <em>Results:</em> Men drove faster than women, and younger drivers were the fastest group. Those with more driving exposure (annual kilometers driven) also tended to drive faster but responded more strongly to certain markings. The broken edge line was the most effective road marking. <em>Conclusions:</em> Driver characteristics influence the effectiveness of traffic-calming markings. Designing interventions that consider specific user profiles (such as age, gender, or driving exposure) may enhance road safety near pedestrian crossings. The findings highlight the importance of considering demographic and behavioral factors when designing interventions. <em>Practical applications:</em> The broken edge line was the most effective measure, reducing average speed by up to around 10 km/h in some groups (e.g., drivers under 50 years old).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What triggers anger behind the wheel? An invariance study on personality traits and risky attitudes in Italian and Australian older drivers 是什么引发了开车时的愤怒?意大利和澳大利亚老年司机性格特征与冒险态度的不变性研究
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.008
Luigi Tinella , Andrea Bosco , Sjaan Koppel , Sergio Traficante , Elisabetta Ricciardi , Rosa Napoletano , Giuseppina Spano , Mauro Cozzolino , Antonella Lopez , Alessandro O. Caffò
{"title":"What triggers anger behind the wheel? An invariance study on personality traits and risky attitudes in Italian and Australian older drivers","authors":"Luigi Tinella ,&nbsp;Andrea Bosco ,&nbsp;Sjaan Koppel ,&nbsp;Sergio Traficante ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Ricciardi ,&nbsp;Rosa Napoletano ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Spano ,&nbsp;Mauro Cozzolino ,&nbsp;Antonella Lopez ,&nbsp;Alessandro O. Caffò","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Driving Anger (DA) arises from various traffic-related situations and influences risky driving behaviors. While several studies have explored DA in younger drivers, there is limited research focused on older drivers, who represent a growing driving demographic. The current study examined the relationship between personality traits, attitudes toward safety, and DA in 242 Italian and Australian older drivers. <em>Method:</em> Using a multi-group path analysis, we tested the hypothesis that dispositional variables (i.e., personality traits and attitudes towards safety) predict DA in older drivers, controlling for sociodemographic variables (e.g., gender and education). Cultural differences emerged, as Italians showed higher levels of driving anger, while Australians exhibited more positive attitudes toward road safety. <em>Results:</em> The results indicated that different DA facets were differentially predicted by Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, as well as attitudes toward safety, with invariances across nationality groups. <em>Conclusions and practical applications:</em> These findings highlight the role of personality traits in DA among older drivers, suggesting that personality assessment may improve the design of personalized interventions and policy revisions to reduce risky driving in vulnerable groups of drivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 148-159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developing a situational judgement test (SJT) for safety-minded leadership in high-hazard industries 为高危险行业的安全意识领导开发情境判断测试(SJT
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.013
Ryan Cook, Gregory G. Anderson, Mark Fleming
{"title":"Developing a situational judgement test (SJT) for safety-minded leadership in high-hazard industries","authors":"Ryan Cook,&nbsp;Gregory G. Anderson,&nbsp;Mark Fleming","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> Safety-specific transformational leadership (SSTFL) is a critical factor in fostering a proactive safety culture by encouraging both compliance and initiative among employees. However, traditional leadership assessments often fail to capture the unique competencies required for effective safety leadership in high-hazard industries. While general self-report personality tests have been used to predict future leadership behaviors, tools for specifically assessing SSTFL are limited. To address this gap, the current study developed and evaluated a Situational Judgement Test (SJT) designed to predict safety-minded leadership behaviors. <em>Method:</em> Using a two-wave study with a sample of participants with management experience in high-hazard industries, the study employed a 2 (honest vs. incentivized faking) × 2 (basic vs. disarming instructions) between-subjects design to refine the assessment tool and mitigate social desirability bias. Following item reduction, the final 15-item SJT demonstrated acceptable internal consistency, reasonable test–retest reliability, and positive correlation with another safety leadership measure. <em>Results:</em> Results indicated that instruction type and response condition did significantly influence scores in the preliminary list of SJT items, but not the revised version, supporting the robustness of the final 15-item measure. SJT Scores from Wave 1 were also predictive of self-reported safety behaviors at Wave 2 above and beyond other variables. By integrating realistic workplace scenarios, behaviorally anchored response options, and minimizing socially desirable responding, this SJT provides a promising tool for assessing safety behavior and what managers would choose to do, rather than their knowledge of what should be done. Future research and applications for organizational settings are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 99-111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Building a credible case for safety: Approach proposal for Automated Driving Systems 建立一个可靠的安全案例:自动驾驶系统的方法建议
IF 4.4 2区 工程技术
Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.019
Francesca Margherita Favarò, Laura Fraade-Blanar, Scott Schnelle, Trent Victor, Mauricio Peña, Johan Engström, John Scanlon, Kris Kusano, Dan Smith
{"title":"Building a credible case for safety: Approach proposal for Automated Driving Systems","authors":"Francesca Margherita Favarò,&nbsp;Laura Fraade-Blanar,&nbsp;Scott Schnelle,&nbsp;Trent Victor,&nbsp;Mauricio Peña,&nbsp;Johan Engström,&nbsp;John Scanlon,&nbsp;Kris Kusano,&nbsp;Dan Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2025.10.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Introduction:</em> This paper outlines a systematic approach to tackle the creation of a safety case for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) that operate without a driver. A safety case is a formal way to explain how an ADS developer determines that its system is safe enough to be deployed on public roads without a human driver, and it includes evidence to support that determination. It involves an explanation of the system, the methodologies used to develop it, the metrics used to validate it and the actual results of validation tests. Yet, in order to develop a worthwhile safety case, it is first important to understand what makes it credible and well crafted, and align on evaluation criteria. This paper helps enable such alignment by providing foundational thinking into not only how a system is determined to be ready for deployment but also into justifying that the set of acceptance criteria employed in such determination is sufficient and that their evaluation (and associated methods) is credible. The presentation is anchored around the acknowledgement that absolute zero risk is unattainable, framing the definition of safety around the notion of “absence of unreasonable risk” in accordance with state of the art safety standards. The publication is structured around three complementary perspectives on safety: a layered approach to safety; a dynamic approach to safety; and a credible approach to safety. Each perspective focuses on the principles and methodological approach, rather than specific results that are often proprietary and this paper does not feature a full safety case nor the evidence to support it. While centered around the example of a SAE Level 4 ADS, the proposed approach is technology- and methodology-agnostic, making it adaptable for use in whole or in part by any entity in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 181-196"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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