Crash risk associated with eyes-off-road duration by road control type and intersection type

IF 3.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ERGONOMICS

Journal of Safety Research Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI:10.1016/j.jsr.2025.03.003

Shu Han , Yi Glaser , Charlie Klauer , Gabrial Anderson , Feng Guo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Scanning the driving environment is crucial for safe driving. However, the complexity of the driving environment affects a driver’s ability to maintain sufficient situational awareness. This study aimed to quantify the crash risk associated with eye-off-road (EOR) behavior across different road control and intersection types, providing insights for Driver Monitoring Systems (DMSs). Method: Using data from the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP 2 NDS), we analyzed crash risk associated with EOR glance durations within a 6-second window. We compared odds ratios across three EOR duration groups: ≤ 2 s, 2 to 3 s, and 3 to 4 s. Additionally, we used a General Additive Model (GAM) to explore the non-linear relationship between EOR duration and crash risk. Results: Our findings reveal that crash risk is higher on uncontrolled access roads compared to controlled access roads. Among intersection types, turning at intersections presents the highest risk, followed by going straight at intersections and driving on straight non-intersection segments. Notably, the crash risk increases linearly only for short EOR durations but rises much faster than linearly when EOR durations exceed specific thresholds: 1.3 s for controlled access roads, 1.2 s for uncontrolled access roads, and as low as 0.9 s for turning at intersections. Conclusions and Practical Applications: These results challenge the commonly used 2-second threshold in driver distraction research, offering more refined insights that could enhance DMS alert settings based on driving environment. This study underscores the importance of considering road and intersection types when assessing the risks of EOR behavior, contributing to improved road safety strategies. Note that the study is not intended to specify exact values for DMS timers, which must be determined in practice by considering multiple factors. Additionally, the false alert rate requires further evaluation.

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按道路控制类型和交叉路口类型划分的与眼睛离开道路时间相关的碰撞风险

导读：扫描驾驶环境对安全驾驶至关重要。然而，驾驶环境的复杂性会影响驾驶员保持足够态势感知的能力。本研究旨在量化不同道路控制和十字路口类型中与视线离路（EOR）行为相关的碰撞风险，为驾驶员监控系统（dms）提供见解。方法：使用第二战略公路研究计划自然驾驶研究（SHRP 2 NDS）的数据，我们分析了6秒窗口内EOR一瞥持续时间与碰撞风险的关系。我们比较了三个提高采收率持续时间组的优势比：≤2秒、2至3秒和3至4秒。此外，我们使用通用可加模型（GAM）来探索提高采收率持续时间与碰撞风险之间的非线性关系。结果：我们的研究结果表明，与控制通道相比，不受控制的通道发生碰撞的风险更高。交叉口类型中，交叉口转弯风险最高，交叉口直行风险次之，非交叉口直行风险最高。值得注意的是，只有在较短的提高采收率持续时间内，碰撞风险才会线性增加，但当提高采收率持续时间超过特定阈值时，碰撞风险的上升速度要快得多：受控通道为1.3秒，非受控通道为1.2秒，十字路口转弯低至0.9秒。结论和实际应用：这些结果挑战了驾驶员分心研究中常用的2秒阈值，为基于驾驶环境的DMS警报设置提供了更精细的见解。该研究强调了在评估提高采收率行为风险时考虑道路和交叉路口类型的重要性，有助于改进道路安全策略。请注意，本研究并不打算指定DMS计时器的确切值，它必须在实践中通过考虑多种因素来确定。此外，误报率需要进一步评估。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Safety Research Multiple-

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

4.90%

发文量

174

审稿时长

61 days

期刊介绍： Journal of Safety Research is an interdisciplinary publication that provides for the exchange of ideas and scientific evidence capturing studies through research in all areas of safety and health, including traffic, workplace, home, and community. This forum invites research using rigorous methodologies, encourages translational research, and engages the global scientific community through various partnerships (e.g., this outreach includes highlighting some of the latest findings from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).