Journal of Safety Research最新文献

{"title":"Facilitators and barriers to the adoption of active back-support exoskeletons in the construction industry","authors":"Akinwale Okunola ,&nbsp;Adedeji Afolabi ,&nbsp;Abiola Akanmu ,&nbsp;Houtan Jebelli ,&nbsp;Susan Simikins","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Introduction:</em> Active back-support exoskeletons are gaining more awareness as a solution to the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the construction industry. This study aims to understand the factors that influence the adoption of active back-support exoskeletons in the construction industry. <em>Method:</em> A literature review was conducted to gather relevant adoption factors related to exoskeleton implementation. Building on the TOE (Technology, Organization, and Environment) framework, two rounds of the survey via the Delphi technique were administered with 13 qualified industry professionals to determine the most important adoption factors using the relative importance index. Through semi-structured interviews, the professionals expressed their perspectives on the impact of active back-support exoskeletons on the construction industry. <em>Results:</em> Important factors included 18 facilitators and 21 barriers. The impact of the exoskeletons in the construction industry was categorized into expected benefits, barriers, solutions, adjustment to technology, implementation, and applicable tasks. <em>Conclusions:</em> This study identified the factors to be considered in the adoption and implementation of active back-support exoskeletons in the construction industry from the perspective of stakeholders. The study also elucidates the impact of active exoskeletons on construction organizations and the broader environment. <em>Practical Applications</em>: This study provides useful guidance to construction companies interested in adopting active back-support exoskeletons. Our results will also help manufacturers of active back-support exoskeletons to understand the functional requirements and adjustments required for utilization in the construction industry. Lastly, the study expands the application of the TOE framework to the adoption of active back-support exoskeletons in the construction industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 402-415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding speeding behavior on interstate horizontal curves and ramps using networkwide probe data","authors":"Eduardo Vergara ,&nbsp;Juan Aviles-Ordonez ,&nbsp;Yuanchang Xie ,&nbsp;Mohammadali Shirazi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Introduction:</em> Lane departure collisions account for many roadway fatalities across the United States. Many of these crashes occur on horizontal curves or ramps and are due to speeding. This research investigates factors that impact the odds of speeding on Interstate horizontal curves and ramps. <em>Method:</em> We collected and combined two unique sources of data. The first database involves comprehensive curve and ramp characteristics collected by an automatic road analyzer (ARAN) vehicle; the second database includes volume, average speed, and speed distribution gathered from probe data provided by StreetLight Insight®. We evaluated the impacts of level of service (LOS), which reflects traffic density or level of congestion, time of the day (morning, evening, and off-peak hours), time of the week (weekdays and weekends), and month of the year (Jan-Dec), and various information about geometric characteristics, such as curve radius, arc angle, and superelevation, on odds of speeding. <em>Results:</em> The results show that the odds of speeding increases at horizontal curves with improved levels of service, as well as those with larger radii and superelevation. The odds of speeding decreases on curves with larger arc angles and during the winter months of the year. The findings indicate a reduction in odds of speeding at diagonal/loop ramps with larger arc angles and narrower lane widths. <em>Conclusion:</em><span> The results show the importance of using speed enforcement and other countermeasures to reduce speeding on curves with low traffic volumes, high speed limits, and large radius and superelevation, especially for those in rural areas. </span><em>Practical application:</em> The results could be used to prioritize locations for the installation of speed countermeasures or dispatch enforcement resources to high-priority locations and times.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 371-380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142151637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public perceptions of reportable safety events and risks in United States primary care","authors":"Frances Hardin-Fanning,&nbsp;Said Abusalem,&nbsp;Paul Clark","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Introduction:</em> Patients may not feel responsible for reporting safety events, and social norms may prevent patients from questioning health care providers’ judgment. There is a paucity of research regarding public awareness of reportable safety events/risks. Educating the public about reporting is paramount in error prevention. Because more than 70% of errors (e.g., errors in diagnosis, communication errors, unsafe medication practices, and care fragmentation) occur in primary care settings, the purpose of this study was to explore public perceptions of when to report safety events/risks in these settings. <em>Method:</em> System-level primary and outpatient facility safety incident scenarios conducive to safety events/risk reporting were developed and administered via online survey methodology. Following completion of the scenario questions, participants were asked a single open-text item: “As you were reading the scenarios above, what did you think makes an event/risk ‘reportable’?” <em>Results:</em> At least one-third of participants responded incorrectly in 70% of the scenarios. The percentage of incorrect responses ranged from 5.2% to 62.3% with “unwitnessed falls” and “nursing scope of practice” queries incorrectly reported at 44.5% and 53.9%, respectively. Rationales for inappropriate events/risk reporting included “risk prediction at the management/system level,” “legal repercussions/protection (e.g., negligence, legal responsibility to patient),” “violations of scope of practice/professional expectations,” “degree of potential/actual lethality,” and “personnel errors.” <em>Conclusion:</em> This study revealed a gap between understanding why to report an event/risk and when to correctly report (or not report) an actual healthcare issue. <em>Practical applications:</em> Awareness of reasons for correctly reporting incidents and how correct reporting builds a culture of safety needs to be strengthened.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 150-155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of human errors and violations in pedestrian-related crashes: Harnessing a unique database and accounting for heterogeneity","authors":"Numan Ahmad ,&nbsp;Asad J. Khattak","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Human factors are often major contributors to pedestrian crashes. However, police-reported pedestrian-involved crash data often have gaps in crash details. Overcoming this limitation, the Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Data Tool (PBCAT) provides a more comprehensive high-quality database capturing the sequence of events.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In addition to human and roadway environmental factors, there could be unobserved factors (e.g., pedestrian conspicuity, impact speed, or riskiness by a driver) that could be either unavailable or not used in the analysis; however, these unobserved factors could have a significant influence on pedestrian injuries. This study applies finite mixture models to address unobserved heterogeneity in pedestrian injuries which is usually overlooked. As a result, the associations of one or more of the observed factors with pedestrian injuries across different latent (unobserved) classes can be different.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Harnessing this unique database for North Carolina reveals that in most (95%) of the crashes (N=24,886) occurring between 2009 and 2019, pedestrians were either killed or injured. Risky behaviors by drivers and pedestrians contributed to 7.91% and 50.59% of these crashes, respectively. Recognition errors (e.g., dash or dart-out) and violations (e.g., failure to yield) by pedestrians contributed to 22.08% and 28.58% of crashes, respectively. Recognition errors and violations by drivers contributed to only 2.12% and 3.11% of crashes respectively each of which is significantly lower than those by pedestrians. Results of the ordered Probit model indicate that the chance of pedestrian fatality is significantly higher if a pedestrian makes recognition errors and violations, a driver makes performance errors, and either the pedestrian or driver is impaired.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions and practical implications</h3><p>The finite mixture model shows that pedestrians belong to two latent groups across which there is significant heterogeneity in pedestrian injuries and variations in the associations of observed factors with pedestrian injuries. The practical implications are discussed in the paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 136-149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling workplace safety and health empowerment: Unraveling the key elements influencing occupational injuries","authors":"Mohammed Said Obeidat,&nbsp;Hala Qasim Dweiri,&nbsp;Hazem Jamil Smadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Introduction:</em> Millions of workers globally experience work-related injuries, leading to fatalities, injuries, job loss, and wider societal implications. This study utilizes both the U.S. database and the General Social Survey (GSS) to delve into the factors linked to occupational injuries. <em>Methods:</em> In this study, 30 questions from the GSS between 2002 and 2014 were used. The sample included 5,914 workers from various sectors, distributed between both female and male, and were of 18 years and above. The analysis encompasses several dimensions: demographics, job-related characteristics, administrative factors, and health and safety measures. The study particularly focuses on assessing the prevalence of three common work-related injuries: nonfatal injuries, back pain and arm pain. Logistic regression models were constructed to gauge the effects of identified factors. <em>Results:</em> Significant insights emerge from the analysis. Factors such as age, gender, race, working hours, overtime work, trust in management, coworker support, and workflow smoothness were identified as having notable impacts on work-related injuries. For each model, the study quantifies these impacts through odds ratio and relative effects. For example, in the nonfatal injuries model, the relative effects of age showed that workers aged 65 years or older experience a 2.56% decrease in the frequency of nonfatal injuries compared to younger workers. Furthermore, in the back pain model, the estimated odds of having back pain in males are 0.90 lower than that in females. Moreover, in the arm pain model, workers who have sufficient time to complete their tasks have estimated odds of experiencing arm pain that are 0.85 lower than those who don’t have adequate time, etc. <em>Conclusions:</em> Understanding the intricate interplay of various factors influencing workers’ safety and health is vital for addressing occupational injuries. By addressing these factors, there’s potential for reducing work-related injuries, enhancing work environment, and minimizing costs. <em>Practical Applications:</em> Organizations can use the study’s findings for reducing work related injuries. Flexible work arrangements, tailored training programs, and ergonomic improvements might highlight factors such as age, gender, and working hours. Enhancing communication, fostering a positive work culture, and prioritizing safety and health measures could reduce risks associated with trusting management and coworker support. Cost-benefit analysis and continuous monitoring ensure these interventions’ effectiveness, reduce back and hand pain incidents, minimize cost, and create safer workplaces, thereby boosting the overall well-being of workers and organizational success.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 126-135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of child restraint usage among Chinese parents","authors":"Yongyue Yang ,&nbsp;Fen Su ,&nbsp;Yating Ge ,&nbsp;Huarong Wang ,&nbsp;David C. Schwebel","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Objective:</em> To investigate psychological predictors of the use of child restraints among Chinese parents following passage of national law requiring their use. <em>Methods:</em> Grounded in the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) and guidance from previous research, we developed and administered a questionnaire to assess child restraint usage and understand psychological factors that predict usage. 413 parents with child(ren) aged 0–8 years completed the questionnaire through the WenJuanXing online survey platform. <em>Results:</em> Among the 413 parents, 321 (77.7%) used child restraints regularly when taking their children on car trips, with the highest use reported among parents with children under 1 year (83.8%). Among the psychological predictors, willingness to use a restraint was the strongest predictor of intention and self-reported behavior to use restraints, but the predictive effect of intention on behavior was not significant. Descriptive norms – a belief that trusted friends and family use restraints – was the strongest predictor of behavior to use child restraints, and prototype favorability – the belief that prototypical parents of similar age and gender use restraints – also showed significant effects in predicting behavior. <em>Conclusions:</em> Following the passage of national laws requiring child restraints in China, it is becoming more common for parents to use restraints when their children travel by car. Parents’ use of child restraints for children follows a socially reactive (through willingness) decision-making path rather than a reasoned (through intention) decision-making pattern. The influence of the behavior of others, both trusted friends and family (descriptive norms) and prototypical similar parents (prototype favorability) are strong predictive factors for use of child restraints, suggesting prevention programs might leverage behavior of others to impact parents and encourage use of child restraints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 120-125"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causal impact of a business cycle shock on road crashes and its determinants – A synthetic control group analysis","authors":"Leon Straßgütl ,&nbsp;Georg Hirte","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Introduction:</em> Research suggests that recessions correlate with reductions in crash counts. However, knowledge is still scarce regarding the causality of this association, and the mechanisms through which economic shocks affect crash numbers are not well understood. We address these research gaps by applying an econometric methodology that has so far not been used for these research questions. <em>Method:</em> We use a quasi-natural experimental approach as our identification strategy. By exploiting the spatial heterogeneity of a shock, we define affected and less affected regions as treatment and control units. A synthetic control approach is applied to identify the causal impact of a shock on crash counts and explore the mechanisms contributing to this effect. As a case study, we use the 2008/09 financial crisis in Germany and exploit its high spatial variation. <em>Results:</em> We find that the crisis caused a significant crash rate reduction of 8% in the treated region. Only 1/4 of this reduction can be attributed to the decline in exposure. The remaining 3/4 are associated with the crisis-induced decrease in crash risk. Decomposing this effect shows that the crash rates in rural areas, of newly registered vehicles, of young adults, related to alcohol and speeding decline more than the overall crash rate. In contrast, crash rates of severe crashes, of heavy-goods vehicles, at night and on weekends are not the driving factors of the decrease in crash rates. Several robustness tests validate the results. <em>Conclusions:</em> Crash counts declined significantly due to the economic crisis. However, the magnitude of the influence is highly dependent on the crash characteristics. <em>Practical applications:</em> Understanding the trajectory of crash counts is crucial for implementing traffic safety measures and working towards vision zero. Our study shows that macroeconomic parameters are important potential confounding factors that should be considered in accident analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 108-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002243752400094X/pdfft?md5=f4a67c1b1a1f08d7f57ce079ebdbe58a&pid=1-s2.0-S002243752400094X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting workers’ safety front and center: Employee-organization exchange and employee safety performance","authors":"Hui-xia Kuang ,&nbsp;Wen Pan ,&nbsp;Li-Yun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Introduction:</em> The global occupational accident situation remains severe. As enhancing employee safety performance constitutes a crucial part of accident prevention and safety management, the study aims to examine, from an employment relationship perspective, the cognitive, motivational, and behavioral mechanisms through which employee-organization exchange (EOX), as a social exchange type of employment relationship, can affect employee safety performance. <em>Method:</em> Data were collected from 672 subordinates and their immediate 100 supervisors in three large manufacturing firms in Guangdong province, China. <em>Results:</em> The results shows that: (1) EOX has a positive effect on employees’ safety risk perception, psychological ownership of safety promotion, and safety communication; (2) safety risk perception, psychological ownership of safety promotion and safety communication (as cognitive, motivational and behavioral mechanisms) mediate the relationship between EOX and safety performance (both safety compliance and safety participation); and (3) management commitment to safety moderates the direct effect of EOX on safety risk perception, psychological ownership of safety promotion, and safety communication, and its indirect effect on two forms of safety performance via the three mediating mechanisms. The moderating effect and moderated indirect effect are stronger when management commits more to safety. The study contributes to the employee safety literature. <em>Practical Applications</em>: Employers should establish a long-term oriented social exchange relationship with their employees for effective safety management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 85-95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the relationship between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior","authors":"Liu Yang ,&nbsp;Jiahan Cheng ,&nbsp;Ziyang Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Introduction:</em> Driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior have an effect on road traffic safety. Most previous studies have investigated the effect of driving skill or driving stress on driving behavior separately. However, the relationship and effect mechanism between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior have been neglected. <em>Method:</em> 1207 licensed drivers completed a valid questionnaire, which consisted of driving skill subscale, driving stress subscale, and driving behavior subscale, and eight factors were identified from the three subscales. This study used correlation analysis, regression analysis to explore the relationship between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior, and examined the mediating and moderating roles of driving stress. <em>Results:</em> (a) There was a significant relationship between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior. (b) Highly skilled drivers showed decreased driving tension, thrill seeking, dislike of driving and increased hazard monitoring, and reported fewer lapses and errors, but more violations. Driving tension, thrill seeking increased aberrant driving behavior, while hazard monitoring helped reduce aberrant behaviors. (c) Driving stress had a mediating effect between driving skill on lapses and errors. Hazard monitoring and dislike of driving had a suppressing effect between driving skill on violations. (d) The positive effect of driving skill on violations was enhanced under positive driving tension and thrill seeking. <em>Conclusions:</em> Aberrant driving behavior was influenced by driving skill and driving stress. Driving skill influenced driving behavior through driving tension, hazard monitoring, and dislike of driving. Driving tension and thrill seeking moderated the relationship between driving skill on violations. <em>Practical Applications:</em> This study further explored the relationship between driving skill, driving stress, and driving behavior. It provides guidance for reducing aberrant driving behavior on driver education, that is, paying more attention to improving driving skill, as well as developing safety attitudes and self-regulation ability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022437524001002/pdfft?md5=e3d2eac35fc18305a286dc9095fda6ad&pid=1-s2.0-S0022437524001002-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vehicle-Pedestrian near miss analysis at signalized mid-block crossings","authors":"Md Jamil Ahsan,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdel-Aty,&nbsp;Nafis Anwari","doi":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>This study aims to identify the factors related to pedestrian and roadway characteristics that affect vehicle–pedestrian Post Encroachment Time (PET) and Relative Time to Collision (RTTC) under traffic control systems at mid-block pedestrian crossings.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>A total of 112 h of video data were collected using multiple cameras from Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (PHB) and Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon (RRFB) sites. To extract vehicle and pedestrian trajectories and construct an accurate dataset, where each observation corresponds to a specific timeframe, with a recorded speeds of both vehicles and pedestrians, a self-developed cutting-edge Computer Vision (CV) technology was deployed. A bivariate regression approach is employed to capture the relationship between near misses and various factors.</p></div><div><h3>Results and Conclusions</h3><p>The findings reveal that both pedestrian and roadway characteristics significantly influence PET and RTTC. Pedestrian characteristics, such as gender, clothing color, distraction, waiting time, and crossing speed, significantly affect both PET and RTTC. The presence of children as pedestrians, eye contact with drivers, and pedestrian signal compliance rate has a significant influence on PET. Among roadway characteristics, the presence of a median, hourly traffic flow, and land use diversity of the crossing area were found to be significant determinants of both PET and RTTC. The results indicate that there is no difference in the influence of RRFB and PHB on PET values, but there is a significant difference in the influence of RRFB and PHB on RTTC values. PHB increases RTTC relative to RRFB. Finally, this study enriches existing literature by incorporating unique factors that impact pedestrian safety.</p></div><div><h3>Practical Applications</h3><p>The findings underscore the importance of data-driven approach to pedestrian safety, encouraging transportation agencies to implement targeted and effective safety strategies. In the future, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in traffic management and safety systems could greatly benefit from incorporating these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48224,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Safety Research","volume":"91 ","pages":"Pages 68-84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}