Social Development最新文献

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Adolescents with an entity theory of personality are more vigilant to social status and use relational aggression to maintain social status. 具有实体人格理论的青少年对社会地位更加警惕,并使用关系攻击来维持社会地位。
IF 2 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2019-07-09 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12393
Hae Yeon Lee, David S Yeager
{"title":"Adolescents with an entity theory of personality are more vigilant to social status and use relational aggression to maintain social status.","authors":"Hae Yeon Lee, David S Yeager","doi":"10.1111/sode.12393","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sode.12393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present research proposed that one social-cognitive root of adolescents' willingness to use relational aggression to maintain social status in high school is an <i>entity theory of personality</i>, which is the belief that people's social status-relevant traits are fixed and cannot change. Aggregated data from three studies (<i>N</i>=882) showed that first-year high school adolescents in the U.S. who endorsed more of an entity theory were more likely to show cognitive and motivational vigilance to social status, in terms of judgments on a novel social categorization task and reports of goals related to demonstrating social status to peers. Those with an entity theory then showed a greater willingness to use relational aggression, as measured by retrospective self-reports, responses to a hypothetical scenario, and a behavioral choice task. Discussion centers on theoretical and translational implications of the proposed model and of the novel measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7344023/pdf/nihms-1571637.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38144293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Romantic Partner Satisfaction Among Low-Income Mothers: Links to Child-Peer and Teacher Relationships via Mother-Child Conflict. 低收入母亲的浪漫伴侣满意度:低收入母亲的浪漫伴侣满意度:通过母子冲突与儿童-同伴和教师关系的联系》。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Epub Date: 2018-12-26 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12358
Chelsea M Weaver Krug, Lindsay Taraban, Daniel S Shaw, Thomas J Dishion, Melvin N Wilson
{"title":"Romantic Partner Satisfaction Among Low-Income Mothers: Links to Child-Peer and Teacher Relationships via Mother-Child Conflict.","authors":"Chelsea M Weaver Krug, Lindsay Taraban, Daniel S Shaw, Thomas J Dishion, Melvin N Wilson","doi":"10.1111/sode.12358","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sode.12358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current project explores maternal inter-parental (IP) romantic partner satisfaction in relation to mother-child conflict and later peer and teacher relations from early to middle childhood among a sample of low-income, ethnically diverse mothers (<i>N =</i> 271) who were part of a longitudinal study testing the effectiveness of the Family Check-Up intervention. We hypothesized spillover effects from IP dissatisfaction during early childhood to mother-child conflict two years later. Greater mother-child conflict in turn was expected to lead to poorer peer relations and greater conflict with teachers in middle childhood. Results support a spillover effect from lower IP satisfaction at age 3 to higher mother-child conflict at age 5 to poorer peer relations and greater conflict with teachers at school at ages 8.5, 9.5, and 10.5. Mother-child conflict significantly mediates these pathways. Results support the importance of IP satisfaction and mother-child conflict in early childhood as critical factors in pathways leading to low-income children's social relationships at school during middle childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7337101/pdf/nihms-1003928.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38131820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Concurrent associations between mothers' references to internal states and children's social understanding in middle childhood. 母亲对儿童内心状态的描述与儿童在童年中期对社会的理解之间的并发关联。
IF 2 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Epub Date: 2019-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12356
Amy L Paine, Salim Hashmi, Siwan Roberts, Rhiannon Fyfield, Dale F Hay
{"title":"Concurrent associations between mothers' references to internal states and children's social understanding in middle childhood.","authors":"Amy L Paine, Salim Hashmi, Siwan Roberts, Rhiannon Fyfield, Dale F Hay","doi":"10.1111/sode.12356","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sode.12356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although it is well established that features of maternal speech are associated with children's social understanding in the preschool years, few studies explore this relationship in middle childhood. Within the context of a prospective longitudinal study of a representative community sample of families (subsample <i>n = </i>207, mean age = 82.88 months), we investigated concurrent associations between mothers' internal state language and aspects of 7-year-olds' social understanding, including children's understanding of belief and spontaneous references to internal states during free play. When sociodemographic, maternal, and child characteristics were controlled, mothers' references to their own cognitions were associated with dimensions of children's social understanding. Our findings suggest that exposure to others' perspectives contributes to children's advanced understanding of minds, which has implications for interventions that foster social understanding.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6988506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37614713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Differences in adolescents' motivations for indirect, direct, and hybrid peer defending. 青少年间接、直接和混合同伴防御动机的差异。
IF 2 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2019-05-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12348
Jeroen Pronk, Tjeert Olthof, Frits A Goossens, Lydia Krabbendam
{"title":"Differences in adolescents' motivations for indirect, direct, and hybrid peer defending.","authors":"Jeroen Pronk,&nbsp;Tjeert Olthof,&nbsp;Frits A Goossens,&nbsp;Lydia Krabbendam","doi":"10.1111/sode.12348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adolescents’ defending of peers who are being bullied—or peer defending—was recently found to be a heterogeneous behavioral construct. The present study investigated individual differences in adolescents’ motivations for executing these indirect, direct, and hybrid defending behaviors. In line with the literature on bullying as goal‐directed strategic behavior, we adopted a social evolution theory framework to investigate whether these peer‐defending behaviors could qualify as goal‐directed strategic prosocial behaviors. A sample of 549 Dutch adolescents (49.4% boys; M age = 12.5 years, SD = 0.6 years) participated in this study. Their peer reported defending behaviors (including bullying behavior as a control variable) and the following behavioral motivations were assessed: (a) agentic and communal goals (self‐report), (b) prosocial and coercive social strategies (peer report), and (c) altruistic and egocentric motivations for prosocial behavior (self‐report). The outcomes of hierarchical linear regression analyses suggest that adolescents’ motivations for executing the different subtypes of peer defending partially overlap but are also different. While indirect defending was fostered by genuine concerns for victims’ well‐being, direct defending was more motivated by personal gains. Hybrid defending combined favorable aspects of both indirect and direct defending as a goal‐directed, strategic, and altruistically motivated prosocial behavior. The implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Couple Interaction and Child Social Competence: The Role of Parenting and Attachment. 夫妻互动与儿童社交能力:养育和依恋的作用。
IF 1.6 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2019-05-01 Epub Date: 2018-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12339
Tricia K Neppl, Haley Wedmore, Jennifer M Senia, Shinyoung Jeon, Olivia Diggs
{"title":"Couple Interaction and Child Social Competence: The Role of Parenting and Attachment.","authors":"Tricia K Neppl, Haley Wedmore, Jennifer M Senia, Shinyoung Jeon, Olivia Diggs","doi":"10.1111/sode.12339","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sode.12339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study examined the association between positive couple interaction and child social competence as mediated through positive parenting and parent-child attachment security. Prospective, longitudinal data came from 209 mothers, fathers, and their biological child. Information regarding observed positive couple interaction, observed positive parenting, and parent-child attachment security were assessed when the child was 2 to 4 years old, and child social competence was assessed at 5 years old. Mothers and fathers were analyzed separately in the model. Results indicated that for both mothers and fathers, positive couple interaction was indirectly associated with child social competence through positive parenting and parent-child attachment. These pathways remained statistically significant even after child social competence at age 2 to 4 was taken into account. Results suggest that couple interaction spills over into parenting which impacts parent-child attachment, which is associated with positive child developmental outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6561653/pdf/nihms-987019.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37061981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Continuity, Stability, and Concordance of Socioemotional Functioning in Mothers and their Sibling Children. 母亲及其兄弟姐妹子女社会情绪功能的连续性、稳定性和一致性。
IF 2 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2019-02-01 Epub Date: 2018-08-07 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12319
Marc H Bornstein, Diane L Putnick, Joan T D Suwalsky
{"title":"Continuity, Stability, and Concordance of Socioemotional Functioning in Mothers and their Sibling Children.","authors":"Marc H Bornstein,&nbsp;Diane L Putnick,&nbsp;Joan T D Suwalsky","doi":"10.1111/sode.12319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This within-family longitudinal study accomplishes a novel multivariate assessment of socioemotional parenting cognitions and practices in mothers and their sibling children's socioemotional behaviors. Mothers participated with their 20-month-old firstborns and again, an average of 3 years later, with their 20-month-old secondborns (55 families, 165 participants). Continuity and stability in maternal cognitions and practices between the two times, and similarities, differences, and correspondences in siblings' behaviors, are assessed and compared. Maternal socioemotional parenting cognitions were continuous in mean level and stable in individual differences across siblings; maternal socioemotional practices were continuous in mean level but unstable in individual differences. Firstborns were more sociable and emotionally available to mothers than secondborns; first- and secondborns' socioemotional behaviors were largely unrelated. This study contributes to understanding socioemotional domains of parenting and child development, birth order effects, and the shared and nonshared contexts of siblings' environments within the family.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36907626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Intimate partner violence exposure predicts antisocial behavior via pro-violence attitudes among males with elevated levels of cortisol. 在皮质醇水平升高的男性中,亲密伴侣暴力暴露通过亲暴力态度预测反社会行为。
IF 2 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2018-11-01 Epub Date: 2018-07-19 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12313
Melissa K Peckins, Daniel S Shaw, Rebecca Waller, Luke W Hyde
{"title":"Intimate partner violence exposure predicts antisocial behavior via pro-violence attitudes among males with elevated levels of cortisol.","authors":"Melissa K Peckins,&nbsp;Daniel S Shaw,&nbsp;Rebecca Waller,&nbsp;Luke W Hyde","doi":"10.1111/sode.12313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study tested whether attitudes toward violence mediate the association between intimate partner violence exposure and antisocial behavior across adolescence, and whether cortisol level moderates these pathways in an ethnically diverse sample of 190 boys from low-income, urban families. Results suggest that a pathway from intimate partner violence exposure at age 12 to antisocial behavior at age 17 is explained by pro-violence attitudes at age 15. Boys with greater exposure to intimate partner violence endorsed stronger pro-violence attitudes, which predicted increases in antisocial behavior. Further, the pro-violence attitudes to antisocial behavior pathway was stronger among boys with heightened versus dampened cortisol levels. Results suggest that violent attitudes are important for understanding the cognitive underpinnings of antisocial behavior following intimate partner violence exposure, particularly in youth with high cortisol levels. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed with respect to targeting malleable child behavior linked to later antisocial behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36803816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Maternal Encouragement of Modest Behavior, Temperamental Shyness, and Anxious Withdrawal Linkages to Chinese American Children's Social Adjustment: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. 母亲对温和行为的鼓励、脾气腼腆和焦虑退缩与美国华裔儿童社会适应的联系:调节中介分析
IF 2 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2018-11-01 Epub Date: 2018-03-30 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12295
Merve Balkaya, Charissa S L Cheah, Jing Yu, Craig H Hart, Shuyan Sun
{"title":"Maternal Encouragement of Modest Behavior, Temperamental Shyness, and Anxious Withdrawal Linkages to Chinese American Children's Social Adjustment: A Moderated Mediation Analysis.","authors":"Merve Balkaya, Charissa S L Cheah, Jing Yu, Craig H Hart, Shuyan Sun","doi":"10.1111/sode.12295","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sode.12295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Past studies have revealed potential differences in the functional meaning and social evaluation of children's temperamental shyness between Chinese interdependence-oriented and North American independence-oriented cultural contexts. However, very little is known about shy Chinese American children's adjustment in Western school contexts and potential pathways underlying their adjustment. To address this gap in the literature, we examined the associations between Chinese American children's temperamental shyness and their social adjustment outcomes, including peer exclusion, prosocial behavior, and assertiveness/leadership skills. In addition, the mediating role of children's display of anxious-withdrawn behavior and the moderating role of first-generation Chinese immigrant mothers' encouragement of modesty in their parenting practices as applied to associations between temperamental shyness and social adjustment outcomes were explored. Path analyses indicated that the impact of Chinese American children's temperamental shyness on their socio-emotional adjustment was mediated by their display of anxious-withdrawn behavior in school. However, when Chinese immigrant mothers encouraged their children to be more modest, children's temperamental shyness was less strongly related to negative social adjustment outcomes through diminished anxious-withdrawn behavior. These results highlighted the importance of culturally-emphasized parenting practices in fostering Chinese American children's adjustment in the U.S.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7083586/pdf/nihms-954592.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37761950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Children's sleep and daytime functioning: Increasing heritability and environmental associations with sibling conflict. 儿童的睡眠和日间功能:与兄弟姐妹冲突的遗传力和环境相关性增加。
IF 2 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2018-11-01 Epub Date: 2018-04-26 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12302
Reagan S Breitenstein, Leah D Doane, Sierra Clifford, Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant
{"title":"Children's sleep and daytime functioning: Increasing heritability and environmental associations with sibling conflict.","authors":"Reagan S Breitenstein,&nbsp;Leah D Doane,&nbsp;Sierra Clifford,&nbsp;Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant","doi":"10.1111/sode.12302","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sode.12302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children's sleep has both environmental and genetic influences, with stressful family environmental factors like household chaos and marital conflict associated with sleep duration and quality (El-Sheikh, Buckhalt, Mize, & Acebo, 2006; Fiese, Winter, Sliwinski, & Anbar, 2007). However, it is less clear whether sibling conflict is related to sleep duration and children's sleep problems (e.g., nighttime wakings, parasomnias). In addition, few studies have tested whether associations between sleep and stressful family environmental factors are accounted for by an underlying set of genes or shared and unique environmental factors. Participants were 582 twins with sleep assessed longitudinally at 12, 30 months, and 5 years of age. Sibling conflict was assessed at 5 years. Greater sibling conflict was associated with shorter sleep duration and greater number of total sleep problems, over and above the influence of general household stress and other covariates. The heritability of sleep duration increased with age. Shared environmental factors accounted for the covariance between sibling conflict and sleep duration and total sleep problems. Findings hold promise for interventions, including educating parents about fostering positive sibling relationships and healthy sleep habits.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36891086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Approach-related emotion, toddlers' persistence, and negative reactions to failure. 与方法相关的情感,幼儿的坚持,以及对失败的消极反应。
IF 2 4区 心理学
Social Development Pub Date : 2018-08-01 Epub Date: 2018-02-05 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12285
Margaret Wolan Sullivan, Dennis P Carmody
{"title":"Approach-related emotion, toddlers' persistence, and negative reactions to failure.","authors":"Margaret Wolan Sullivan,&nbsp;Dennis P Carmody","doi":"10.1111/sode.12285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approach behavior, defined as differences in behavior to an incentive event and anger at its removal, was assessed during contingency learning in 87 5-month-olds was related to maternal ratings of mastery behaviors at two years. Mothers reported on infants' concurrent temperament, as well as the occurrence of anger and tantrums, and their own anger at 12 months. Approach behavior was expected to predict persistence with objects and persistent motor behavior, but not negative reactions to failure. Negative reactions to failure were expected to be mediated by a distress-prone temperament. The moderating effect of maternal anger on these relations was also explored using conditional process regression models. Controlling for soothability, early approach behavior predicted toddlers' persistence, especially gross motor persistence, moderated by maternal anger. With more maternal anger, approach behavior and toddler's persistence were more strongly related. Distress to limits, infant anger at 12 months, and maternal anger were significantly correlated, but only infant anger was related to negative reactions to failure. Prior to six months, goal-directed behavior is related to later behavioral persistence, but maternal responses to child anger are an important contributor to this relation and by 12 months, infant anger directly predicts mastery frustration at two years.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36431394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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