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Characteristics or Returns: Understanding Gender Pay Inequality among College Graduates in the USA 特征还是回报？了解美国大学毕业生中的性别薪酬不平等现象
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241245329
Joanna Dressel, Paul Attewell, Liza Reisel, Kjersti Misje Østbakken
{"title":"Characteristics or Returns: Understanding Gender Pay Inequality among College Graduates in the USA","authors":"Joanna Dressel, Paul Attewell, Liza Reisel, Kjersti Misje Østbakken","doi":"10.1177/09500170241245329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241245329","url":null,"abstract":"Explanations for the persistent pay disparity between similarly qualified men and women vary between women’s different and devalued work characteristics and specific processes that result in unequal wage returns to the same characteristics. This article investigates how the gender wage gap is affected by gender differences in detailed work activities among full-time, year-round, college-graduate workers in the US using decomposition analysis in the National Survey of College Graduates. Differences in men’s and women’s characteristics account for a majority of the gender wage gap. Additionally, men and women receive different returns to several characteristics: occupational composition, marriage and work activities. While men are penalized more than women for having teaching as their primary work activity, women receive lower rewards for primary work activities such as finance and computer programming. The findings suggest that even with men and women becoming more similar on several characteristics, unequal returns to those characteristics will stall progress towards equality.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parental Exposure to Work Schedule Instability and Child Sleep Quality 父母工作时间不稳定与儿童睡眠质量
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241235863
Allison Logan, Daniel Schneider
{"title":"Parental Exposure to Work Schedule Instability and Child Sleep Quality","authors":"Allison Logan, Daniel Schneider","doi":"10.1177/09500170241235863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241235863","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarship has documented the effects of unstable scheduling practices on worker health and well-being, but there has been less research examining the intergenerational consequences of work schedule instability. This study investigates the relationship between parental exposure to unstable and unpredictable work schedules and child sleep quality. We find evidence of significant and large associations between parental exposure to each of five different types of unstable and unpredictable work scheduling practices and child sleep quality, including sleep duration, variability and daytime sleepiness. We are also able to mediate 35–50% of this relationship with measures of work–life conflict, parental stress and well-being, material hardship, and child behaviour. These findings suggest that the effects of the temporal dimensions of job quality extend beyond workers to their children, with implications for the mechanisms by which social inequality is reproduced and for social policies intended to regulate precarious and unequal employment conditions.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Marketisation and the Public Good: A Typology of Responses among Museum Professionals 市场化与公益：博物馆专业人员的反应类型学
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241247117
Jeremy Aroles, Kevin Morrell
{"title":"Marketisation and the Public Good: A Typology of Responses among Museum Professionals","authors":"Jeremy Aroles, Kevin Morrell","doi":"10.1177/09500170241247117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241247117","url":null,"abstract":"Across Western democracies, the public sector has undergone significant changes following successive waves of marketisation. Such changes find material expression in an organisation’s logic and associated vocabulary. While marketisation may be adopted, a growing body of research explains how it is often resisted as public sector professionals reject its logic and vocabulary. We contribute to this debate by detailing additional, theoretically important responses. Rather than simply rejecting or adopting both the logic and vocabulary of marketisation, this article shows how UK museum professionals decouple these. Our analysis shows how museum professionals either fashion generic market vocabulary (e.g. customer, value) to pursue local projects or sustain terms such as public and culture to cling to longer-standing ideals of publicness. Partly because of the nature of cultural goods, we propose the museum sector as a paradigm case to illustrate this phenomenon, but our argument has broader implications for the public sphere.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medicalisation of Unemployment: An Analysis of Sick Leave for the Unemployed in Germany Using a Three-Level Model 失业医疗化：利用三层模型分析德国失业者的病假情况
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241244688
Philipp Linden, Nadine Reibling
{"title":"Medicalisation of Unemployment: An Analysis of Sick Leave for the Unemployed in Germany Using a Three-Level Model","authors":"Philipp Linden, Nadine Reibling","doi":"10.1177/09500170241244688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241244688","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates whether sick leave for the unemployed is used to address problems of labour market integration – a process that can theoretically be conceptualised as the medicalisation of unemployment. Estimating a multilevel logistic regression model on a sample of N = 20,196 individuals from the German panel study Labour Market and Social Security (PASS) reveals that, on average, 18% of the unemployed are on sick leave due to poor health. However, given a comparable state of health, the probability increases for men, older individuals and those with lower educational levels. These findings are crucial as they reveal a dual role of sick leave in a context with limited access to disability pensions: as a protective measure for sick, unemployed individuals and as medicalisation of unemployment by excluding those who face non-medical barriers to labour market integration.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inequality Regimes in Coworking Spaces: How New Forms of Organising (Re)produce Inequalities 协同工作空间中的不平等制度：新的组织形式如何（重新）制造不平等
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241237188
Lena Knappert, Boukje Cnossen, Renate Ortlieb
{"title":"Inequality Regimes in Coworking Spaces: How New Forms of Organising (Re)produce Inequalities","authors":"Lena Knappert, Boukje Cnossen, Renate Ortlieb","doi":"10.1177/09500170241237188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241237188","url":null,"abstract":"Coworking is a rapidly growing worldwide phenomenon. While the coworking movement emphasises equality and emancipation, there is little known about the extent to which coworking spaces as new forms of organising live up to this ideal. This study examines inequality in coworking spaces in the Netherlands, employing Acker’s framework of inequality regimes. The findings highlight coworking-specific components of inequality regimes, in particular stereotyped assumptions regarding ‘ideal members’ that establish the bases of inequality, practices that produce inequality (e.g. through the commodification of community) and practices that perpetuate inequality (e.g. the denial of inequality). The study provides an update of Acker’s framework in the context of coworking and speaks, more broadly, to the growing body of literature on (in)equality in emerging organisational contexts.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘It’s One Rule for Them and One for Us’: Occupational Classification, Gender and Worktime Domestic Labour 他们一个规则，我们一个规则"：职业分类、性别与家务劳动时间
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241235864
Julie Monroe, Steve Vincent, Ana Lopes
{"title":"‘It’s One Rule for Them and One for Us’: Occupational Classification, Gender and Worktime Domestic Labour","authors":"Julie Monroe, Steve Vincent, Ana Lopes","doi":"10.1177/09500170241235864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241235864","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we focus on gender and class to investigate worktime domestic labour. Methodologically, we extend a novel, comparative critical realist method in which occupation-based and gendered positions in productive and reproductive labour are foregrounded. By building theoretical connections between labour process conditions and collective rule-following practices, we illustrate how inequalities are inscribed organisationally. Our analysis provides a more critical contextualisation of technological affordances to develop the literature on how technology is implicated in the reproduction of social inequality. Moreover, our analysis identifies multi-level causal processes, which combine to explain the presence and actualisation of worktime domestic labour or its absence, which is due, principally, to fear of sanction. For realist researchers interested in diversity-based challenges, absences are important because they can point towards specific discriminatory mechanisms. Our investigation thus revealed a surprising level of class-related in-work inequality within the gendered dynamics of domestic work.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How do parents care together? Dyadic parental leave take-up strategies, wages and workplace characteristics 父母如何共同照顾子女？双亲休育儿假的策略、工资和工作场所特征
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241229281
Marie Valentova
{"title":"How do parents care together? Dyadic parental leave take-up strategies, wages and workplace characteristics","authors":"Marie Valentova","doi":"10.1177/09500170241229281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241229281","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the association between within-household couples’ parental leave take-up strategies and parents’ earning capacity (hourly wages) and their workplace characteristics. The results, based on the social security register data from Luxembourg, reveal that a couple strategy where both partners take parental leave is more likely when the partners have equal earning capacity, when the mother works in the sector of education, health and social services rather than in other sectors, and when the father is employed in a larger-sized company. Couples where the mother earns more than the father are more likely to opt for a strategy where neither parent takes any leave. The economic sector moderates the effect of fathers’ wages on the probability of choosing the strategy where both partners take leave.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Turning Social Capital into Scientific Capital: Men’s Networking in Academia 将社会资本转化为科学资本：学术界的男性网络
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241234602
Margaretha Järvinen, Nanna Mik-Meyer
{"title":"Turning Social Capital into Scientific Capital: Men’s Networking in Academia","authors":"Margaretha Järvinen, Nanna Mik-Meyer","doi":"10.1177/09500170241234602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241234602","url":null,"abstract":"Universities have changed in recent decades with the introduction of various performance measurement systems, including journal ranking lists. This Bourdieu-inspired article analyses three types of strategies used by male associate professors in response to journal lists: building social capital at conferences and during stays abroad; marketing of research papers to potential reviewers and journal editors; and tactical co-authorship. Drawing on 55 qualitative interviews with male associate professors in the social sciences in Denmark, the article shows that journal lists, and the forms of strategic networking they are associated with, represent a new doxa in higher education. However, it also reveals that participants are unequally positioned when it comes to acting in accordance with performance metrics. Although comprehended as neutral, journal lists are based on (and contribute to) dividing lines between acknowledged and unacknowledged research – lines that tend to pass unnoticed among winners as well as losers in the academic publishing game.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘A Good Death’: One Hospice Chaplain’s Approach to End-of-Life Care 美好的死亡一位安宁疗护牧师的临终关怀方法
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241234592
Rachael N Pettigrew, Madison Cawdor
{"title":"‘A Good Death’: One Hospice Chaplain’s Approach to End-of-Life Care","authors":"Rachael N Pettigrew, Madison Cawdor","doi":"10.1177/09500170241234592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241234592","url":null,"abstract":"When doctors determine patients’ life expectancy to be six months or less, patients are considered palliative. Hospice offers care for the terminally ill patient’s body, mind and spirit. As part of the hospice team, chaplains support the spiritual needs of the patient and their family – a challenging and rewarding role. Dr Madison Cawdor shares his extensive experience as a United States-based hospice chaplain and explains the role’s demands, including the importance of both being present with and listening to patients while also employing an interdenominational approach (i.e. supporting regardless of religious practice). Dr Cawdor explores the role’s personal impacts, including being on call, sustained exposure to death and grief, and also the satisfaction of supporting patients. The demand for hospice care is projected to increase dramatically in the coming years, making understanding the demands of and approaches to this work crucial to facilitate both the recruitment and the retention of hospice chaplains.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140057786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unions, technology and social class inequalities in the US, 1984–2019 美国的工会、技术和社会阶层不平等，1984-2019 年
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1177/09500170241229277
Saverio Minardi
{"title":"Unions, technology and social class inequalities in the US, 1984–2019","authors":"Saverio Minardi","doi":"10.1177/09500170241229277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170241229277","url":null,"abstract":"Earnings inequality in the US has risen in recent decades, with social class inequalities being a central component of this trend. While technological change and de-unionisation are considered key contributors to increased earnings dispersion, their specific influence on inequalities between employees’ social classes has received limited attention. This study theoretically and empirically investigates the relationship between technological change, de-unionisation and the earnings trajectories of occupational classes from 1984 to 2019. The empirical analysis uses industry-level time-series cross-section data and industry-level measures of union density, computer investments and class earnings. Descriptive analyses show earnings growth for non-manual classes and stagnant or declining earnings for manual ones. Results provide limited evidence that computerisation affected classes differently in the industries where introduced. In contrast, industry-level de-unionisation reinforced class inequalities in two ways. First, unionisation exhibited a stronger association with lower-class earnings. Second, manual workers were more prevalent in industries that experienced substantial declines in union density.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139938935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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