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Do surging house prices discourage fertility? Global evidence, 1870–2012 房价飙升会阻碍生育吗？1870-2012年的全球证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102572
Wenchao Li
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引用次数: 0
Mandatory activation of welfare recipients: Less time, less crime? 强制启动福利领取者：减少时间，减少犯罪？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102571
Marco Stam , Marike Knoef , Anke Ramakers
{"title":"Mandatory activation of welfare recipients: Less time, less crime?","authors":"Marco Stam ,&nbsp;Marike Knoef ,&nbsp;Anke Ramakers","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the effect of a mandatory activation program on crime. Although the effects of ALMPs on labor market outcomes are often assessed, theorized effects on crime are seldom analyzed. We exploit age-based policy variation and estimate a regression discontinuity model, using individual-level administrative data on the entire Dutch population around a 27-year-old age threshold. The results show a 12% reduction in crime among non-natives, a relatively vulnerable group. Our findings suggest that crime is mainly reduced on weekdays, which points towards incapacitation as the underlying causal mechanism. Due to program participation, individuals have less time to commit crime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000666/pdfft?md5=650b8e31378f50354fb74b86c9faf881&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000666-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Grading student behavior 对学生行为进行评分
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102570
Florian Schoner , Lukas Mergele , Larissa Zierow
{"title":"Grading student behavior","authors":"Florian Schoner ,&nbsp;Lukas Mergele ,&nbsp;Larissa Zierow","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous countries mandate comportment grades rating students’ social and work behavior in the classroom from teachers, yet their impact on student outcomes remains unclear. We exploit the staggered introduction of comportment grading across German federal states to estimate its causal effect on students’ school-to-work transitions, non-cognitive skills, and reading skills. Analyzing two different household surveys and student assessment data, point estimates of causal effects are close to zero for all outcomes. However, while confidence intervals for school-to-work transitions and non-cognitive skills allow us to reject meaningful effect sizes, those for reading skills are wider and need to be interpreted more cautiously. We use additional data sources to investigate potential explanations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141136023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Are grandparents a good substitute for parents as the primary caregiver? The impact of grandparents on Children's academic performance” [Labour Economics 88 (2024) 102545] 祖父母是父母作为主要照顾者的良好替代品吗？祖父母对儿童学习成绩的影响》[《劳动经济学》88 (2024) 102545] 更正
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102562
Sophie Xuefei Wang , Cynthia Bansak
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Are grandparents a good substitute for parents as the primary caregiver? The impact of grandparents on Children's academic performance” [Labour Economics 88 (2024) 102545]","authors":"Sophie Xuefei Wang ,&nbsp;Cynthia Bansak","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102562","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000575/pdfft?md5=e0dfae76bb5f89d8122cb2d4a54dc19f&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000575-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of mandatory residencies on female physicians’ specialty choices: Evidence from Japan's new medical residency program 强制性住院医师培训对女医师专业选择的影响：来自日本新医学住院医师培训计划的证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102566
Tsunao Okumura , Yuko Ueno , Emiko Usui
{"title":"Effects of mandatory residencies on female physicians’ specialty choices: Evidence from Japan's new medical residency program","authors":"Tsunao Okumura ,&nbsp;Yuko Ueno ,&nbsp;Emiko Usui","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Female physicians remain underrepresented in surgical specialties in Japan. The 2004 New Postgraduate Medical Education Program mandated a two-year <em>rotating</em> residency that allowed residents to choose their specialty after training in multiple fields, including surgery. Following this reform, there was a 2.7 percentage points increase in female physicians choosing general surgery and a 1.5 percentage points increase in urology being chosen, compared to male physicians, as well as a 3.4 percentage points decrease in internal medicine being chosen. This shift of female physicians toward male-dominated surgical specialties is primarily seen in breast surgery, catering to female patients, and in urology, known for its shorter workweeks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000617/pdfft?md5=b5192d998a1457cd2b2e97de99052881&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000617-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141141017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Semiparametric distribution regression with instruments and monotonicity 带工具和单调性的半参数分布回归
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102565
Dominik Wied
{"title":"Semiparametric distribution regression with instruments and monotonicity","authors":"Dominik Wied","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes IV-based estimators for the semiparametric distribution regression model in the presence of an endogenous regressor, which are based on an extension of IV probit estimators and the idea of control functions. We discuss the causal interpretation of the estimators and two methods (monotone rearrangement and isotonic regression) to ensure a monotonically increasing distribution function. Asymptotic properties and simulation evidence are provided. An application to income equations with German SOEP data reveals statistically significant and heterogeneous differences to the inconsistent non-IV-based estimator.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000605/pdfft?md5=3e30741462174612b437372fc7c3ab60&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000605-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Merit-based scholarships for university graduates: A generation of Italian economists 大学毕业生择优奖学金：一代意大利经济学家
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102569
Enrico Nano , Ugo Panizza , Martina Viarengo
{"title":"Merit-based scholarships for university graduates: A generation of Italian economists","authors":"Enrico Nano ,&nbsp;Ugo Panizza ,&nbsp;Martina Viarengo","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the role of financial aid in shaping the formation of human capital. We study the impact of a large merit-based scholarship for graduate studies in affecting individuals’ occupational choices, career trajectories, and labor market outcomes of a generation of Italian economists, with special focus on gender gaps and the role of social mobility. We construct a unique dataset that combines archival sources and includes microdata for the universe of applicants to the scholarship program and follow these individuals over their professional life. We discuss five main results: (i) it is easier to become a high achiever for individuals from households with a lower socio-economic status if they reside in high social mobility provinces; (ii) women are less likely to be shortlisted for a scholarship as they tend to receive lower scores in the most subjective criteria used in the initial screening of candidates; (iii) scholarship winners are much more likely to choose a research career and this effect is larger for women; (iv) women who work in Italian universities tend to have less citations than men who work in Italy. However, the citation gender gap is smaller for candidates who received a scholarship and (iv) women take longer to be promoted to the rank of full professor, even after controlling for academic productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000642/pdfft?md5=29de52019f8a491e0ced1499a834e69a&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Students under academic pressure and their spillover effects on peers’ mental well-being 学业压力下的学生及其对同学心理健康的溢出效应
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102564
Yoosik Shin
{"title":"Students under academic pressure and their spillover effects on peers’ mental well-being","authors":"Yoosik Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the spillover effects of students under academic pressure on their peers’ mental well-being in high school. I approximate students who are under such pressure by whether they attended private educational institutes before entering primary school. To conduct the analysis, I employ the random assignment of high school students to classrooms within schools in South Korea. I find that students who attended private institutes in early childhood have greater exam-related pressure in grade 10 and exhibit negative externalities on their classmates’ mental well-being. The subgroup analysis reveals that students whose parents have higher expectations of their children's education and those who attend schools in highly competitive regions are largely influenced by these negative externalities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140951520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geographic mobility of college students and the gender gap in academic aspirations 大学生的地域流动性与学术抱负中的性别差距
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102550
Lídia Farré , Francesc Ortega
{"title":"Geographic mobility of college students and the gender gap in academic aspirations","authors":"Lídia Farré ,&nbsp;Francesc Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the decision to pursue an advanced degree from an internationally renowned academic institution, which greatly facilitates access to top jobs. Relying on unique data on applications to a highly selective program that provides graduate fellowships to Spanish students, we show that women in non-STEM fields apply to the fellowships at lower rates than males with the same GPA and in the same field of study. On the contrary, our estimates imply that females in STEM apply at equal, or higher, rates than comparable males in the same fields. We also find that female students are relatively less interested in doctoral programs and less willing to study abroad than males. To shed light on the mechanisms, we surveyed college students about their post-graduation plans. The lower geographic mobility of female students (in non-STEM fields) appears linked to females’ lower earnings expectations and a gender-asymmetric detrimental effect of involvement in romantic relationships.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000459/pdfft?md5=55bb127c709aecef6c135f54ff13e3b5&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000459-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141034548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Works councils as gatekeepers: Codetermination, management practices, and job satisfaction 作为守门人的劳资协议会：共同决策、管理实践和工作满意度
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102563
Christian Grund , Dirk Sliwka , Krystina Titz
{"title":"Works councils as gatekeepers: Codetermination, management practices, and job satisfaction","authors":"Christian Grund ,&nbsp;Dirk Sliwka ,&nbsp;Krystina Titz","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper analyzes the role of works councils as gatekeepers safeguarding employee's interests in the adoption of management practices to monitor employee performance and provide feedback. We first introduce a formal model predicting that (i) the introduction of such management practices leads to a stronger increase (or weaker decrease) in job satisfaction when a works council is in place, (ii) that this effect should be larger the lower the prior level of employee participation and (iii) that works councils increase the likelihood of the implementation of these practices at the level of individual employees. We provide evidence in line with these hypotheses, using linked-employer-employee panel data from Germany. We indeed find that the adoption of formal performance appraisals and feedback interviews is associated with a significantly larger increase in job satisfaction when there is a works council. This pattern is driven by establishments without collective bargaining agreements. The evidence also suggests that works councils indeed facilitate the implementation of such management practices, as codetermined firms have a higher likelihood that a practice implemented on the firm level is actually applied by middle management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000587/pdfft?md5=67b25504de1d164e54a9bbbb1aaf770f&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000587-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140918311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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