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The effect of area-level waiting times for psychological therapies on individual-level labour market outcomes 区域层面心理治疗等待时间对个人层面劳动力市场结果的影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102748
Joe Dodd, Luke Munford, Matt Sutton, Igor Francetic
{"title":"The effect of area-level waiting times for psychological therapies on individual-level labour market outcomes","authors":"Joe Dodd,&nbsp;Luke Munford,&nbsp;Matt Sutton,&nbsp;Igor Francetic","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The association between common mental health conditions, including anxiety and depression, and labour outcomes has been extensively documented. However, the consequences of delaying access to therapies addressing these conditions is unknown. The NHS Talking Therapies programme was launched in England in 2008 and had expanded to reach 1.24 million users by 2021. We investigate the reduced-form impact of delayed access to this programme on the gap in probability of employment and taking time away from work attributable to poor mental health. We measure mental health and labour outcomes using 2015-2019 data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. As this does not record use of Talking Therapies, we use poor mental health to proxy capacity to benefit and identify the intent-to-treat effect. A one standard deviation (10.5 days) decrease in median area-level waiting time leads to a 1.5 percentage point decrease in the gap in probability of employment between individuals in good and poor mental health. Similarly, the gap in the probability of taking time away from work decreases by around 1 percentage point. Our findings are robust to alternative model specifications, sample definitions, treatment definitions, and dealing with potential selective attrition. Our reduced form estimates suggest that faster access to effective treatment can improve labour market outcomes and reduce the productivity losses associated with mental health problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who will work on Sunday? The winners and losers of Sunday laws relaxation 谁星期天上班？周日法律放松的赢家和输家
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102744
Dominique Goux , Eric Maurin
{"title":"Who will work on Sunday? The winners and losers of Sunday laws relaxation","authors":"Dominique Goux ,&nbsp;Eric Maurin","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2016, a law authorized Sunday working in the retail sector in some thirty French areas. We show that the reform did not coincide with any significant increase in retail trade employment in target areas. However, the increase in the number of days shops are open has led employers to favor employees who are sufficiently experienced to manage a store independently. There has been a significant drop in the employment share of less experienced workers, as well as a sharp decline in the share of single parents, for whom it is difficult to reconcile family responsibilities and Sunday work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Why does temporary work increase disability insurance inflow? 为什么临时工增加伤残保险流入？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102719
Pierre Koning , Paul Muller , Roger Prudon
{"title":"Why does temporary work increase disability insurance inflow?","authors":"Pierre Koning ,&nbsp;Paul Muller ,&nbsp;Roger Prudon","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that workers with fixed-term contracts are substantially more likely to apply for and be awarded disability insurance (DI) benefits than permanent workers. We study whether this differential can be explained by (i) selection of worker types into contracts, (ii) the relation between contract type and the risk of illness, (iii) differences in employer support during illness, and (iv) differences in labour market prospects of ill workers. We find that selection actually masks part of the differential, whereas the impact of contract type on health is limited. In contrast, the difference in employer support during illness is a significant cause of the heightened DI risk of temporary workers, especially in slack labour markets. We therefore conclude that, conditional on being ill, workers with fixed-term contracts face different support structures and incentives that make them more likely to ultimately apply for and be awarded DI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Who picks up the slack? Understanding spousal responses to unemployment spells 谁来收拾残局？了解配偶对失业的反应
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102732
Laura Kawano , Sara LaLumia , Shanthi Ramnath , Michael Stevens
{"title":"Who picks up the slack? Understanding spousal responses to unemployment spells","authors":"Laura Kawano ,&nbsp;Sara LaLumia ,&nbsp;Shanthi Ramnath ,&nbsp;Michael Stevens","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use a large panel of married households to update estimated added worker effects. In response to a primary earner’s job loss, secondary earners are 1.1 to 2.4 percentage points more likely to work and compensate for 3.6 to 5.1 percent of the displaced worker’s lost earnings. When a secondary earner is displaced, spousal employment is unchanged but there is a substantial earnings <em>reduction</em>. These small compensatory responses are explained by an increased probability that the nondisplaced spouse exits employment, either through correlated unemployment shocks or retirement. Conditional on relative-earner status, sex-based differences in added worker effects are small.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paid parental leave and long-term outcomes of children—Quasi-experimental evidence from former East Germany 带薪育儿假与儿童的长期影响——来自前东德的准实验证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102740
Katharina Heisig , Larissa Zierow
{"title":"Paid parental leave and long-term outcomes of children—Quasi-experimental evidence from former East Germany","authors":"Katharina Heisig ,&nbsp;Larissa Zierow","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of an increase in paid parental leave from six to twelve months on children’s long-term outcomes. Our setting—former East Germany—is characterized by high maternal labor market participation and a universal supply of standardized childcare. It thus mitigates identification issues such as selection into the labor market and provides a clear counterfactual to maternal care. Applying a difference-in-differences design and using representative survey data, we exploit the specific timing of the parental leave reforms in 1976 and 1986. We find significant and robust positive effects on children’s life satisfaction in adulthood for both reforms. Effects on gross wages are positive but not robust across different specifications. A heterogeneity analysis by gender reveals positive effects on trust and health among males.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Being a frontline worker in a health emergency: Healthcare workers’ absences and health during the COVID-19 pandemic 作为突发卫生事件的一线工作者：COVID-19大流行期间医护人员的缺勤与健康
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102727
Hege Gjefsen , Mari Grøsland , Maja W. Grøtting , Bjørn-Atle Reme
{"title":"Being a frontline worker in a health emergency: Healthcare workers’ absences and health during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Hege Gjefsen ,&nbsp;Mari Grøsland ,&nbsp;Maja W. Grøtting ,&nbsp;Bjørn-Atle Reme","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and absenteeism of healthcare workers. Our findings show an increase in sick leave due to non-COVID-19-related illness and mental health-related consultations in primary care. Additionally, we observe a rise in the use of prescription medications for mental health issues, though this result is less certain due to a shorter observation period. The adverse effects are particularly pronounced among lower-status occupational roles and in regions with higher infection rates. However, the moderate difference in effects across areas with varying levels of infection rates suggests that, beyond the direct impact of treating COVID-19 patients, stringent infection control measures may have contributed to the adverse effects. While these effects appear to be largely transitory, we estimate the cost of increased sick leave due to non-COVID-19-related illness among healthcare workers during the pandemic to be approximately 45 million EUR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gendered language in job ads and applicant behavior: Evidence from India 招聘广告中的性别语言与求职者行为：来自印度的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102726
Sugat Chaturvedi , Kanika Mahajan , Zahra Siddique
{"title":"Gendered language in job ads and applicant behavior: Evidence from India","authors":"Sugat Chaturvedi ,&nbsp;Kanika Mahajan ,&nbsp;Zahra Siddique","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine employers’ gender preferences using 157,888 job ads posted on an online job portal in India which received 6.45 million applications. About 8% of the job ads include an explicit gender preference. We apply text analysis methods on job titles and detailed job descriptions to construct measures indicating how predictive the job ad text is of employers’ explicit gender preferences. We find that advertised wages are lower in jobs where employers prefer women, even when this preference is implicitly retrieved through text analysis, and that these jobs attract a larger share of female applicants. We find that explicit gender requests by employers explain 7% of the gender wage gap in applied-for-jobs between comparable men and women after accounting for a wide range of controls. Implicit gender associations in the job ad text, together with explicit requests, explain 17% of this gap. We then systematically uncover <em>gendered words</em> or attributes employers associate with men and women. We find that hard skills-related female-gendered words have lower returns but attract a higher share of female applicants, while male-gendered words indicating decreased flexibility (e.g., frequent travel or unusual working hours) have higher returns but result in a smaller share of female applicants. Finally, we identify words in job ads associated with a higher female applicant share, which can be leveraged in future experimental research and assist organizations looking to attract a diverse applicant pool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robots for economic development 机器人促进经济发展
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102731
Massimiliano Calì , Giorgio Presidente
{"title":"Robots for economic development","authors":"Massimiliano Calì ,&nbsp;Giorgio Presidente","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent evidence suggests that in manufacturing, automation technologies entail a trade-off between productivity gains and employment losses for the economies that adopt them. This paper casts doubts on such trade-off in the context of a developing country. It shows significant employment gains from automation in Indonesian manufacturing during the years 2008–2015, a period of rapid increase in robot imports. Analysis based on manufacturing plant data provides evidence that the absence of this trade-off is due to diminishing productivity returns to robot adoption. As a result, the benefits from automation could be particularly large for countries at early stages of industrialization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"96 ","pages":"Article 102731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hiring mental health professionals: Evidence from a large-scale policy in Brazil 雇用心理健康专业人员：来自巴西大规模政策的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102728
Matías Mrejen , Rudi Rocha
{"title":"Hiring mental health professionals: Evidence from a large-scale policy in Brazil","authors":"Matías Mrejen ,&nbsp;Rudi Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper evaluates the impact of a policy that promoted the hiring of mental health professionals in public healthcare services in Brazil by exploiting the staggered adoption of the program across municipalities. We find large positive effects on the employment of non-medical health professionals in healthcare facilities and on their production outputs, along with smaller effects on psychiatrist employment and dispensation of drugs. Lower scarcity of non-medical health professionals in the local labor market was associated with greater hiring effects, while substitution of incumbent workers and spillovers across health facilities, sectors and regions did not play any significant role. Despite hiring efforts, however, no significant impact is observed on related mortality, hospitalizations, or sick leave days. Results suggest an increased availability of employed skilled professionals might not be enough to curb more extreme adverse health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of work on cognition and physical disability: Evidence from English women 工作对认知和身体残疾的影响：来自英国女性的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102730
James Banks , Jonathan Cribb , Carl Emmerson , David Sturrock
{"title":"The impact of work on cognition and physical disability: Evidence from English women","authors":"James Banks ,&nbsp;Jonathan Cribb ,&nbsp;Carl Emmerson ,&nbsp;David Sturrock","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we show that remaining in work has significant positive causal effects on the average cognition and physical mobility of older women in England. We analyse a reform-induced increase in employment of 60–63-year-old women between 2010 and 2017 in England and show that working longer substantially boosts performance on two cognitive tests, particularly for single women. We also find large improvements in measures of physical disability: substantial increases in walking speed, and lower reports of mobility problems. However, for women in sedentary occupations, work reduces walking speed, due to lower levels of physical exercise.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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