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Job loss, consumption insurance, and household time allocation 失业、消费保险和家庭时间分配
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102645
Kenta Fukuda
{"title":"Job loss, consumption insurance, and household time allocation","authors":"Kenta Fukuda","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how married households respond to negative income shocks resulting from the husband’s job loss, focusing on both monetary insurance channels and changes in the time use of husbands and wives. Using a unique Japanese panel dataset, the empirical analysis shows that the husband’s involuntary job loss leads to significant and persistent declines in his labor earnings. However, the impact on household consumption expenditure is considerably smaller, with only about one-fifth of the income shock transmitted to consumption, suggesting that a substantial amount of monetary insurance is at work. In the short run, unemployment benefits play a crucial role in mitigating the shock, while the wife’s labor supply becomes important in the long run, especially for households where the wife was not employed full-time before the job loss. Additionally, husbands significantly increase their time spent on home production following job loss, and this effect persists for at least three years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Good personality traits in bad times: Does conscientiousness mitigate the adverse effects of graduating in a recession? 逆境中的良好人格特征：自觉性是否能减轻经济衰退时期毕业的不利影响？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102643
Liwen Chen , Guanghua Wang
{"title":"Good personality traits in bad times: Does conscientiousness mitigate the adverse effects of graduating in a recession?","authors":"Liwen Chen ,&nbsp;Guanghua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies whether and how conscientiousness, a personality trait, helps individuals mitigate the adverse effects of graduating during a recession on early career outcomes. By analyzing college-educated individuals who graduated in the 1980s, we find that conscientiousness reduces the income losses of workers who graduated during a recession. This effect results mainly from workers’ adjustments in the labor supply. When graduating during a recession, college graduates high in conscientiousness are more likely to find full-time jobs and work more hours per week than their counterparts low in conscientiousness. Regarding the other four Big Five personality traits, while agreeableness has a modest effect on mitigating the effects of adverse labor market entry conditions on hourly wages, extraversion, openness to experience, and emotional stability do not appear to buffer against such early career losses. Additionally, cognitive ability does not offset the challenges posed by graduating during a recession.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating heterogeneous effects: Applications to labor economics 估算异质效应：劳动经济学的应用
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102638
Stéphane Bonhomme , Angela Denis
{"title":"Estimating heterogeneous effects: Applications to labor economics","authors":"Stéphane Bonhomme ,&nbsp;Angela Denis","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing number of applications involve settings where, in order to infer heterogeneous effects, a researcher compares various units. Examples of research designs include children moving between different neighborhoods, workers moving between firms, patients migrating from one city to another, and banks offering loans to different firms. We present a unified framework for these settings, based on a linear model with normal random coefficients and normal errors. Using the model, we discuss how to recover the mean and dispersion of effects, other features of their distribution, and to construct predictors of the effects. We provide moment conditions on the model’s parameters, and outline various estimation strategies. A main objective of the paper is to clarify some of the underlying assumptions by highlighting their economic content, and to discuss and inform some of the key practical choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Golfing CEOs 打高尔夫的首席执行官们
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102639
Yutaro Izumi , Hitoshi Shigeoka , Masayuki Yagasaki
{"title":"Golfing CEOs","authors":"Yutaro Izumi ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Shigeoka ,&nbsp;Masayuki Yagasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Izumi et al. (2023) document the existence of CEO gender homophily in firm-to-firm transactions, where CEOs of the same gender are more likely to trade more than those of the opposite gender, putting female CEOs at a disadvantage in a male-dominated business landscape. In this paper, we examine whether informal networking tools, in particular playing golf as a hobby, mitigate this disadvantage for female CEOs. Using a unique dataset that includes both CEO hobbies and detailed inter-firm networks, we show that playing golf does not benefit female CEOs in finding male business partners, while for male CEOs playing golf is associated with a higher share of trading with male CEOs. This result suggests that women’s participation in traditionally male-dominated socializing activities does not necessarily help them gain access to male business networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mother tongue-based education in a diverse society and the acquisition of foundational skills: Evidence from the Philippines 多元社会中的母语教育与基础技能的掌握：菲律宾的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102641
Takiko Igarashi, Sandy Maulana, Daniel Suryadarma
{"title":"Mother tongue-based education in a diverse society and the acquisition of foundational skills: Evidence from the Philippines","authors":"Takiko Igarashi,&nbsp;Sandy Maulana,&nbsp;Daniel Suryadarma","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Philippines is an ethnolinguistically diverse country with 180 languages spoken. In 2012, the government massively expanded the language of instruction (LoI) options, a shift from a bilingual Filipino-English education to mother tongue-based education using 19 languages targeting students in kindergarten to grade 3. The policy intended to create a closer link between the school instructional language and students’ mother tongue in the early stage of formal schooling, which would improve foundational skills and increase the students’ ability to acquire proficiency in additional languages. We use nationally representative data to evaluate the policy's impact on foundational reading and mathematics skills, exploiting a variation between student cohorts and the variation in the instructional languages before and after the policy. We find that the policy reduced the mean linguistic distance between children's mother tongue and school LoI by between 43 % to 76 %. However, we find a statistically significant and negative effect on foundational reading skills when tested in Filipino or English. The magnitude is not negligible given the Philippines’ flat learning profiles. We find the policy also negatively impacted the foundational mathematics skills of the first cohort fully exposed to the policy. Our findings imply that governments need to reconsider the mother tongue-based education policy as a tool to improve foundational skills in a diverse society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The disability pay gap in the UK: What is the role of the public sector? 英国的残疾人薪酬差距：公共部门的作用是什么？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642
Melanie Jones
{"title":"The disability pay gap in the UK: What is the role of the public sector?","authors":"Melanie Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using data from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey we provide the first evidence on variation in the disability pay gap between the public and private sector. Decomposing the disability pay gap at the mean we find evidence of a sizable unexplained pay gap in both sectors, but this is narrower in the public relative to the private sector, consistent with greater pay equality in the public sector. The unexplained disability pay gap increases across the pay distribution particularly in the private sector, suggesting a ‘glass ceiling’. As such, our evidence suggests the public sector provides relative protection for disabled employees, especially at the top end of the wage distribution. This appears to be driven by the influence for females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany 电视与家庭人口：来自东德自然实验的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102640
Sven A. Hartmann
{"title":"Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany","authors":"Sven A. Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the causal effects of television exposure on individual decisions regarding marriage, divorce, and family planning by utilizing a natural experiment in the German Democratic Republic during the period of German division. I exploit the fact that individuals in some East German areas could not receive Western television due to their place of residence before reunification in 1990. By analyzing survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, my results reveal that exposure to Western TV significantly reduced the likelihood of marriage and childbirth while increasing the probability of divorce among East Germans. Analyzing administrative data at the county level supports these findings. In addition, survey data from the late 1980s indicates that the observed effects are primarily due to changes in attitudes towards relationships and family life, particularly among women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Short-term labor supply response to the timing of transfer payments: Evidence from the SNAP program 短期劳动力供给对转移支付时间的反应：来自 SNAP 计划的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102636
Mindy Marks , Silvia Prina , Redina Tahaj
{"title":"Short-term labor supply response to the timing of transfer payments: Evidence from the SNAP program","authors":"Mindy Marks ,&nbsp;Silvia Prina ,&nbsp;Redina Tahaj","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the effect of the timing of SNAP payments on weekly labor supply using data from the CPS. We rely on exogenous variation in the fielding of CPS interviews relative to benefit receipt to estimate labor supply of SNAP eligible individuals at the end of their SNAP benefit cycle (i.e. about to receive benefits) compared to individuals at the start of their cycle (i.e. just received benefits). We find that the timing of SNAP benefits impacts labor supply at the intensive margin, while the extensive margin is unaffected. Conditional on being employed, eligible individuals at the end of their SNAP cycle are more likely to be absent from work compared to individuals at the start of their SNAP cycle. They are also less likely to temporarily shift to full time work. Results are more pronounced for individuals with higher predicted benefit amounts. Our findings suggest that a worsening of individuals’ status (e.g. health problems, child care issues) at the end of their SNAP cycle adversely impacts short-term work presence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distribution of vacancies and new hires across employers: Implications for job offers, skill requirements, and employers’ search outcomes 空缺职位和新员工在雇主间的分布：对工作机会、技能要求和雇主搜索结果的影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102637
Vera Brenčič
{"title":"Distribution of vacancies and new hires across employers: Implications for job offers, skill requirements, and employers’ search outcomes","authors":"Vera Brenčič","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use data on the flow of new vacancies and hires in Slovenia to document three findings. First, labour markets are highly concentrated when we use the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) to measure the distribution of either vacancies or hires across employers in markets defined by required occupation, the statistical region of employers’ headquarters, and the year of either vacancy registration or hiring. Second, employers offer less attractive job offers (in terms of offered wages and offered length of employment) and change the set of required skills (by favoring leadership, manual dexterity, and fitness) in markets with a more concentrated labour demand. Third, employers are equally likely to fill their vacancies, require a similar amount of time to fill them, and are less likely to fill vacancies with workers whose education is below the required education in markets with a more concentrated labour demand. These patterns are consistent with a labour market in which a more concentrated labour demand restricts job searchers’ job options, strengthens employers’ bargaining leverage, and results in job vacancies with less attractive job amenities yet an expanded list of required skills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health information and the timing of social security benefit entitlements 健康信息与社会保障福利权利的时间安排
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102635
Perry Singleton
{"title":"Health information and the timing of social security benefit entitlements","authors":"Perry Singleton","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines whether new health information obtained through medical screening affects entitlements to Social Security benefits. Random assignment of information is derived from a unique feature of the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The survey data are matched to administrative data from the Social Security Administration. The results suggest that new health information led to delays in benefit entitlements, particularly among workers near the early entitlement age. The results are consistent with employment lock, whereby workers delay retirement and continue to work to obtain employer-provided health insurance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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