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The labor market effects of facilitating social security contributions under part-time employment contracts: Evidence from Colombia 非全日制就业合同下社保缴费便利化的劳动力市场效应：来自哥伦比亚的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102630
{"title":"The labor market effects of facilitating social security contributions under part-time employment contracts: Evidence from Colombia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the impact of homogenizing the tax base between part-time and full-time labor contracts in a context with high informality. Using employer–employee matched administrative records and household survey data, we estimate the effects of a reform that eliminated a wedge in regulatory costs across different work schedules in Colombia, reducing the relative costs of formal part-time employment. We find that the reform increased the probability of entering the formal sector for previously informal part-time workers (the target population). Using pre-reform variation in firms’ demand for workers eligible for the policy, we find a 5.5 % increase in formal employment at firms more exposed to the policy. Mean wages at these firms rose by 0.88 % after the reform relative to those at firms that tend to hire fewer workers with no formal sector experience. Firms with more exposure to the reform also experienced higher churn, consistent with the policy creating incentives for firms to rotate across workers at a faster pace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decomposing the exporter wage gap: Selection or differential returns? 分解出口商工资差距：选择还是收益差异？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102633
{"title":"Decomposing the exporter wage gap: Selection or differential returns?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that the exporter wage gap is driven by workers sorting on comparative advantage rather than firm selection. We start out with an AKM-style wage equation with worker, firm, and residual “match” fixed effects. We show that allowing worker and firm effects to depend on the export status of the firm changes how the exporter wage gap is decomposed. Our results suggest that workers in exporting firms have unobserved traits that are particularly valuable in exporting, resulting in higher wages for workers in those firms. Further, we show that workers make job transitions based on their differential returns. Thus, the exporter wage gap results from workers self-selecting into exporting and non-exporting firms based on their comparative advantage. Finally, we show that the conclusion is robust to relaxing the linearity assumptions of the AKM-style framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001295/pdfft?md5=6c2624215ceaeb5e2b4f888ccc7dab6e&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001295-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heterogeneous effects of monetary and non-monetary job characteristics on job attractiveness in nursing 金钱和非金钱工作特征对护理工作吸引力的异质性影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102632
{"title":"Heterogeneous effects of monetary and non-monetary job characteristics on job attractiveness in nursing","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We apply a novel methodological approach described by Chernozhukov et al. (2018), to analyze preference heterogeneity regarding non-monetary job characteristics and trade-offs between wage and non-monetary job characteristics. Using this approach, we can describe preference heterogeneity more concise than with subgroup analysis. Analyzing data from a self-conducted factorial survey experiment on nurses, we find significant effect heterogeneity regarding non-monetary job characteristics and their trade-off with wages. We also find positive interaction effects between wage and other job characteristics. We further analyze which factors are associated with effect heterogeneity. Working hours and gender appear to be the main drivers of these effects. We also find differences regarding the sources of a nurse’s motivation to initially choose the nursing occupation. Differentiation of job characteristics (job offers) to fit different preferences can therefore be a more effective and efficient way to attract workers than a “one size fits all” solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labour market impacts of the China shock: Why the tide of Globalisation did not lift all boats 中国冲击对劳动力市场的影响：为什么全球化的浪潮没有掀起所有的浪花？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102629
{"title":"Labour market impacts of the China shock: Why the tide of Globalisation did not lift all boats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 1990s and 2000s saw a dramatic expansion in global goods trade. China rapidly emerged as the world's leading exporter while manufacturing employment in many high-income countries plummeted. Guided by textbook models that assumed frictionless labour markets and balanced trade, economists long maintained the view that trade had only modest labour market impacts and was not an important contributor to rising inequalities in high-income countries. We review recent evidence on the impacts of rapidly rising import competition from China on a broad range of outcomes in high-income countries. Import competition led to employment and wage losses that were heavily concentrated among the employees of exposed industries and individuals residing in local labour markets where such industries clustered, while consumer gains from lower goods prices were much more evenly distributed in the population. The disruptive effects of trade were particularly salient in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom where a rapid growth of imports did not coincide with a commensurate expansion of own exports. Local labour markets facing greater import competition also experienced deteriorations in terms of health outcomes, crime, and family structures, and they became more likely to support far right politicians. We discuss several policy options to support the losers from globalisation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The value of commuting time, flexibility, and job security: Evidence from current and recent jobseekers in Flanders 通勤时间、灵活性和工作保障的价值：来自佛兰德当前和近期求职者的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102631
{"title":"The value of commuting time, flexibility, and job security: Evidence from current and recent jobseekers in Flanders","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines jobseekers’ preferences for a variety of job attributes. It is based on a choice experiment involving 1852 clients of the Flemish Public Employment Service (PES). Respondents value flexibility (e.g., remote work and schedule flexibility), job security and social impact of the job, and require significant compensation for longer commute times. A majority (70%) would need very substantial wage increase beyond their acceptable baseline wage to compensate for less flexibility, job security or social impact. These findings enhance our understanding of labour supply decisions and can inform the design of salary packages and HR policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001271/pdfft?md5=3d836ad2de36d2be5e1a345eb7b31969&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unemployment effects of the German minimum wage in an equilibrium job search model 均衡求职模型中德国最低工资对失业的影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102626
{"title":"Unemployment effects of the German minimum wage in an equilibrium job search model","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We structurally estimate an equilibrium search model using German administrative data and use the model for counterfactual analyses of a uniform minimum wage. The model with worker and firm heterogeneity does not restrict the sign of employment effects a priori; it allows for different job offer arrival rates for the employed and the unemployed and lets firms optimally choose their recruiting intensity. We find that unemployment is a non-monotonic function of the minimum wage level. Effects differ strongly by labor market segment defined by region, skill, and permanent worker ability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001222/pdfft?md5=9ec6a63ee8f6f74252e054f6857fbd33&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pension reforms and couples’ labour supply decisions 养老金改革与夫妇的劳动力供给决策
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102627
{"title":"Pension reforms and couples’ labour supply decisions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines how retirement options for husbands and wives impact their labour supply decisions using a regression discontinuity design. In the context of German pension reforms, which have tightened early retirement possibilities, we find that coordination in retirement decisions between spouses was more prevalent and symmetrical before the reforms, but less so after. This sheds light on the role of early retirement possibilities in shaping couples’ reactions to one spouse’s retirement age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001234/pdfft?md5=6e5c9c7b4114ecb9ce682cc1f002b231&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conquering Korea for Jesus: Protestant missionaries, local churches, and literacy in Colonial Korea 为耶稣征服朝鲜：殖民地时期朝鲜的新教传教士、地方教会和扫盲工作
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102618
{"title":"Conquering Korea for Jesus: Protestant missionaries, local churches, and literacy in Colonial Korea","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the effect of Protestantism on human capital acquisition using novel data on 234 counties and 2,478 towns in the Korean peninsula in 1930. First, we show that towns with a larger number of native Protestant churches have higher literacy rates throughout colonial Korea. To establish causality, we employ hand-collected data on the exposure to foreign Protestant missionaries as an instrumental variable for the number of native Protestant churches. Furthermore, we study the differential success of different missionary societies, using a spatial RDD that exploits the Comity Agreement of 1909 which geographically divided Korea between missionary societies. We show that Presbyterians, who put more emphasis on empowering local churches, were more successful at attracting members, and fostering literacy, than the Methodists with their more hierarchical structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001143/pdfft?md5=63879278eae05b8b16d19013617b28ac&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001143-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paying (and Paving) my way: Extra-class participation and rent extraction 支付（和铺平）我的道路：课外参与和租金提取
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102616
{"title":"Paying (and Paving) my way: Extra-class participation and rent extraction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extra classes, or private tutoring offered by schoolteachers to their pupils, are a widespread phenomenon, particularly in developing countries. This educational arrangement might leave room for distorted incentives. Using data from Vietnam, I find that teachers grant higher school grades to pupils attending extra classes, but extra-class attendance does not yield higher scores on standardized achievement tests. I interpret these results as evidence of opportunistic behavior, whereby teachers exploit their arbitrariness in awarding grades, which count for secondary school admissions, to extract rents. The extent of grade inflation is higher in institutionally underdeveloped settings. Attending extra classes also generates a gap in pupils’ self-concept. These findings provide relevant policy implications to align this informal sector with the country's education system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving children's foundational learning through community-school participation: Experimental evidence from rural India 通过社区-学校参与改善儿童的基础学习：来自印度农村的实验证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102615
Deepak Kumar, Naveen Sunder, Ricardo Sabates Aysa, Wilima Wadhwa
{"title":"Improving children's foundational learning through community-school participation: Experimental evidence from rural India","authors":"Deepak Kumar, Naveen Sunder, Ricardo Sabates Aysa, Wilima Wadhwa","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102615","url":null,"abstract":"Due to almost-universal enrolment in primary schools, policy focus has shifted towards improving learning outcomes. One important way of doing this is to enhance accountability, especially in the case of public provision of education. In this context, we examine the effectiveness of two different strategies of increasing accountability – one involving only the community, and the other which builds collaboration between the schools and the community. We implement a randomized controlled trial in 400 villages in India, and find: (i) both interventions led to a significant enhancement in children's foundational literacy and numeracy skills, (ii) we observed limited differences between the impacts of the two interventions, and (iii) the community-school intervention exhibited significantly greater effects when parents reported visiting the school, underscoring the vital role of parent-teacher interactions and their shared responsibility in shaping children's learning outcomes. In terms of mechanism, we find that direct learning inputs play a major role in mediating the observed effects of both interventions. Additionally, parent-teacher engagement and children's studying habits outside of the school are potential important channels through which the observed effects operate in the community-school intervention.","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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