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Gender differences in reservation wages in search experiments
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102698
Andrew McGee , Peter McGee
{"title":"Gender differences in reservation wages in search experiments","authors":"Andrew McGee ,&nbsp;Peter McGee","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Women report setting lower reservation wages than men in survey data. We show that women set reservation wages that are 14 to 18 percent lower than men's in laboratory search experiments that control for factors not fully observed in surveys such as offer distributions and outside options. This gender gap—which exists even controlling for overconfidence, preferences, personality, and intelligence—leads women to spend less time searching than men while accepting lower wages. More risk tolerant women set reservation wages that are too low early in search relative to theoretically optimal reservation wages given their risk preferences, reducing their earnings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143576840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Junior doctors’ specialty choice: Stated and revealed preferences over more than a decade
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102697
Susan J. Méndez , Anthony Scott , Peter Sivey
{"title":"Junior doctors’ specialty choice: Stated and revealed preferences over more than a decade","authors":"Susan J. Méndez ,&nbsp;Anthony Scott ,&nbsp;Peter Sivey","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An important health policy issue in many countries is the over-specialisation of the medical workforce. Understanding junior doctors’ preferences over characteristics of alternative specialties is crucial in designing policies to improve the distribution of doctors across specialties. This paper estimates individual-level preferences over characteristics of alternative specialties from a stated-preference discrete-choice experiment (DCE) of junior doctors, then follows up the junior doctors from the DCE over the following twelve years to compare their actual labour market outcomes with their estimated preferences. Our results show that stronger preferences for higher earnings are associated with choosing the specialist rather than the general practice track after five years but this effect is smaller and not statistically significant after 12 years. Non-pecuniary intrinsic attributes of specialties, specifically those reflecting the ability to use human capital abilities and skills (e.g. academic opportunities or the ability to perform procedural work) are more enduring predictors of specialty choice over the long term. While the gap in earnings between general practitioners and specialists appears to impact on choices in the short term, this may be less relevant in the long term where matching to specialties based on abilities and skills play a more persistent role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Male coaches increase the risk-taking of female teams—Evidence from the NCAA
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102692
René Böheim , Christoph Freudenthaler , Mario Lackner
{"title":"Male coaches increase the risk-taking of female teams—Evidence from the NCAA","authors":"René Böheim ,&nbsp;Christoph Freudenthaler ,&nbsp;Mario Lackner","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We analyze the effect of the coach’s gender on risk-taking in women’s NCAA basketball teams. Coach’s gender has a sizable and significant effect on the team’s risk-taking, a finding that is robust to an instrumental variable approach. We find that women’s teams with a male head coach are 6 percentage points more likely to take risk than women’s teams with a female head coach. This gap is persistent within games and does not change with intermediate performance. Since risk-taking has a positive effect on winning a game, female head coaches could improve their team’s success by taking more risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 102692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unemployment insurance and job polarization
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102690
Benjamin Griffy, Adrian Masters, Kai You
{"title":"Unemployment insurance and job polarization","authors":"Benjamin Griffy,&nbsp;Adrian Masters,&nbsp;Kai You","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers how the structure of the UI system interacts with the observed profile of separations to generate “job-polarization” – wage and separation rate persistence. We extend a standard on-the-job labor search model to include an initial period of high separation rates until the job stochastically becomes more stable. Meanwhile a worker’s UI entitlement varies in generosity (based on their former wage) and duration (based on their employment history). The separation structure means that some workers have extended periods of frequent job loss. The UI system amplifies these effects because workers with low benefit eligibility apply for low wage jobs. Their subsequent applications then leave them more highly susceptible to future job loss. Our calibration suggests that this effect accounts for around 1% lower lifetime average wages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wage expectations and access to healthcare occupations: Evidence from an information experiment
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102688
Juliana Bernhofer , Alessandro Fedele , Mirco Tonin
{"title":"Wage expectations and access to healthcare occupations: Evidence from an information experiment","authors":"Juliana Bernhofer ,&nbsp;Alessandro Fedele ,&nbsp;Mirco Tonin","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate how correcting students’ wage expectations affects their performance on admission tests for medical and healthcare schools, a critical step for aspiring healthcare professionals. Using a randomized information experiment with Italian applicants, we first elicited their expectations about the starting wage of the healthcare profession they intended to pursue. The treatment group was then informed of the actual starting wages, while the control group received no such information. Finally, we collected and analyzed their test scores. Our findings reveal that applicants with lower wage expectations tend to perform worse on the test. However, correcting these expectations eliminates the performance gap: providing accurate wage information enhances test scores for applicants who initially underestimated wages, while it negatively impacts those who overestimated them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Working hours, income volatility and public sector employment as insurance
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102689
Achtee Al Yussef , Luc Hens , Eva Van Belle
{"title":"Working hours, income volatility and public sector employment as insurance","authors":"Achtee Al Yussef ,&nbsp;Luc Hens ,&nbsp;Eva Van Belle","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poorer economies tend to have higher working hours per adult due to the income effect. However, when controlling for resource abundance and public sector employment, the income effect weakens. We present a simple model to explain this phenomenon: in resource-rich economies where income is volatile and public and private social insurance are absent, individuals prefer more secure public sector jobs, even if they offer lower wages than the private sector. In equilibrium, the wage gap is equal to the insurance premium, and individuals work longer hours to compensate for the loss in income. Recent data on working hours support this hypothesis: a higher share of public sector employment in resource-rich economies is associated with longer working hours along both the extensive and intensive margins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The value of unemployment insurance: Liquidity vs. insurance value
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102691
Victor Hernandez Martinez , Kaixin Liu
{"title":"The value of unemployment insurance: Liquidity vs. insurance value","authors":"Victor Hernandez Martinez ,&nbsp;Kaixin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper argues that the value of unemployment insurance (UI) can be decomposed into a liquidity component and an insurance component. While the liquidity component captures the value of relieving the cost to access liquidity during unemployment, the insurance component captures the value of protecting the worker against a potential permanent future income loss. We develop a novel, sufficient statistics method to identify the cost of accessing liquidity during unemployment, as well as the liquidity and insurance components of the value of UI. Our method requires only the labor supply responses to changes in the potential duration of UI and severance payment, and we implement it using Spanish administrative data. Our estimated monthly liquidity cost during unemployment is 1.6 percent, with important heterogeneity across groups of workers. Workers with more cash on hand have a small cost, while both wealthier and poorer workers have a similarly high cost. Shutting down the liquidity component decreases the value of UI by 76 percent. Across groups, liquidity is all that matters for wealthier workers, while the insurance channel is crucial for poorer workers. These results cannot be inferred from directly comparing the elasticity of job search to UI shocks as used by Chetty (2008). Finally, we show that while extending the potential duration of Spain’s UI would increase welfare, starting a zero-interest rate public loan program would be more welfare-improving, even under large default risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incentive-based active labor market programs: Insights from policy experimentation in Italy
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102687
Giulio Zanella , Riccardo Salomone
{"title":"Incentive-based active labor market programs: Insights from policy experimentation in Italy","authors":"Giulio Zanella ,&nbsp;Riccardo Salomone","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two programs providing financial incentives for reemployment of workers at risk of long-term unemployment are evaluated vis-à-vis intensive job-search assistance through policy experimentation involving about 10,000 job seekers in Italy: (i) a reemployment <em>voucher</em> that incentivizes specialized providers; (ii) a reemployment <em>bonus</em> that incentivizes job seekers directly. Results indicate that: the voucher is effective for men while the bonus works for women; each policy is no less effective than job-search assistance, but only the voucher is clearly cost effective; there are no side effects on post-treatment earnings or job duration. A one-sided job search model with endogenous search effort rationalizes these empirical findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Employee-owned firms and the careers of young workers
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102686
Gabriel Burdin , Jose Garcia-Louzao
{"title":"Employee-owned firms and the careers of young workers","authors":"Gabriel Burdin ,&nbsp;Jose Garcia-Louzao","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using detailed administrative data from Spain, we characterize how a first work experience in an employee-owned firm (EOF) versus a conventional firm can affect workers’ careers. We find that workers’ exposure to EOFs at the time of entry reduces daily wages by 8% over the first 15 years in the labor market. The wage penalty appears to be driven by differences in job mobility and wage returns to experience rather than by non-random selection. We show that workers who had their first job in EOFs have a strong attachment to this organizational model and are less likely to experience both voluntary and involuntary job separations over their careers, with quit and layoff rates 8% and 4% lower, respectively. In addition, we quantify lower wage returns to experience in EOFs, although there are no differences in subsequent career progression in terms of promotions. Taken together, the analysis suggests the existence of other job amenities offered by EOFs that may compensate for flatter wage profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143264432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Training in late careers — A structural approach
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102684
Teresa Backhaus
{"title":"Training in late careers — A structural approach","authors":"Teresa Backhaus","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the role of on-the-job training in the employment persistence of less-educated men in their late careers. Using survey data from the German National Education Panel Study adult cohort, I estimate a structural dynamic discrete-choice model reflecting the trade-offs in employees’ training participation decisions. The data set enables me to distinguish whether non-participation is due to a lack of training funding or individual training participation costs. Consequently, I can model the impact of hypothetical policy interventions targeting training funding or individual participation barriers. I find that non-formal on-the-job training positively impacts employees’ employment persistence by reducing the rate of job layoffs and the disutility of work. Counterfactual simulations show that individual barriers to training are quantitatively important, and their elimination would have a higher potential to increase training participation than increases in training funding. The impacts of policy-induced increases in non-formal training on overall employment persistence vary from modest to large.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"93 ","pages":"Article 102684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143135832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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