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The long-term effects of job training on labor market and skills outcomes in Chile 智利就业培训对劳动力市场和技能成果的长期影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102619
{"title":"The long-term effects of job training on labor market and skills outcomes in Chile","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Job training programs can be an effective policy for improving productivity and labor market outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. We report medium- and long-term impacts of a job training program for vulnerable workers in Chile on labor market and skill outcomes using experimental and administrative data. We estimate intention-to-treat effects, accounting for potential non-compliance by training providers in the assignment process, as well as local average treatment effects due to noncompliance with the assigned treatment status. Overall, the program shows limited effectiveness. While we find some positive impacts on labor income, the program fails to improve most labor outcomes. A detailed investigation of heterogenous effects by course-type, training provider and course quality, and gender reveals that the positive income effects are more likely to be realized for males and participants in courses that were offered by high-quality providers. Evidence on mechanisms indicates that the program's limited impact on labor outcomes could, at least partly, be due to its limited effect on workers’ skills.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001155/pdfft?md5=ccabd6b69d759f66c8ad75702f430f89&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender wage gap among young adults: A comparison across British cohorts 年轻成年人中的性别工资差距：英国各组群之间的比较
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102614
{"title":"Gender wage gap among young adults: A comparison across British cohorts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the evolution of the gender wage gap among young adults in Britain between 1972 and 2015 using data from four British cohorts born in 1946, 1958, 1970 and 1989/90 on early life factors, human capital, family formation and job characteristics. We account for non-random selection of men and women into the labour market and compare the gender wage gap among graduates and non-graduates. The raw and covariate-adjusted gender wage gaps at the mean decline over the period among non-graduates, but they rise among young graduates. The gender wage gap across the wage distribution narrows over time for lower wages. Allowing for positive selection into employment increases the size of the gender wage gap in earlier cohorts, but selection is not apparent in the two most recent cohorts. Thus the rate of convergence in the wages of young men and women is understated when estimates do not account for positive selection in earlier cohorts. Differences in traditional human capital variables explain only a very small component of the gender wage gaps among young people in all four cohorts, but occupational gender segregation plays an important role in the later cohorts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001106/pdfft?md5=232a73e353605c1e56b07d408f9750d4&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001106-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “The impact of immigration on the employment dynamics of European regions” [Labor Economics, Volume 85, 2023, 102433] 对 "移民对欧洲地区就业动态的影响 "的更正[《劳动经济学》，第 85 卷，第 2023 期，102433]
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102613
{"title":"Corrigendum to “The impact of immigration on the employment dynamics of European regions” [Labor Economics, Volume 85, 2023, 102433]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102613","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092753712400109X/pdfft?md5=51f0d26de5dc77449e7ad2546c91ecc4&pid=1-s2.0-S092753712400109X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peer effects in parental leave: Evidence from Italy 育儿假中的同伴效应：意大利的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102600
{"title":"Peer effects in parental leave: Evidence from Italy","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we estimate peer effects<span> in parental leave (PL), analyzing whether mothers’ choices may be influenced by prior decisions made by their female colleagues. We identify peer effects through an exogenous variation in the probability that peers take a PL driven by a reform implemented in Italy in 2015 which extended the time period over which parents can receive a paid PL, providing greater flexibility in its use. We focus on post-reform mothers and exploit the heterogeneity in the share of their peers who, due to their children’s age, have been affected by the reform. Our findings show the existence of important peer effects: a 10 percentage point increase in the share of peers that took a PL in response to the reform results in mothers being 2.4 percentage points more likely to take a PL. We also find a positive effect on the amount of PL taken and a negative effect on the probability of working part-time. As suggested by the heterogeneity analysis, the peer effects seem to be particularly evident for mothers with a low tenure in the firm and in workplaces characterized by strong interactions among the colleagues.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
If (my) 6 was (your) 9. Reporting heterogeneity in student evaluations of teaching 如果（我的）6 是（你的）9。学生教学评价中的异质性报告
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102567
{"title":"If (my) 6 was (your) 9. Reporting heterogeneity in student evaluations of teaching","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Student Evaluations of Teaching (SET) are subjective measures of student satisfaction that are often used to assess teaching quality. In this paper, we show that heterogeneity in students’ reporting styles challenges SET validity. Using administrative data that enable us to track all evaluations produced by each student, we isolate student-specific reporting scales. We show that reporting heterogeneity explains at least one third of the within-course variation in SET. We also document that students sort across elective courses according to their reporting style. As a result, the average evaluation of two otherwise identical electives can differ only because of heterogeneity in the reporting style of students attending them. Using a simulation exercise, we show that this type of sorting coupled with large sampling variability severely alter the ranking of courses within a major, calling into question the use of SET to incentivise teachers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000629/pdfft?md5=3e35aaa2b75103a96c81410205f9d16f&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000629-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141053775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do employers learn more from referrals than from other recruitment channels? 与其他招聘渠道相比，雇主从推荐中了解到的信息更多吗？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102574
{"title":"Do employers learn more from referrals than from other recruitment channels?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study whether referrals deliver better information about the productivity of new hires than other recruiting channels. Using combined vacancy-register data, we document that referrals are associated with less screening and lower search costs. We demonstrate that the referral wage premium is informative on referrals’ information advantage only if differences in screening are accounted for. Consistent with the predictions from a learning model, referrals increase new hires’ job stability and wages, with the effects diminishing over time. Results suggest that the referral information advantage is particularly pronounced for males and when employers use referrals as the only search channel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000691/pdfft?md5=340eb52c130ab47c7e6d6b9f51137e9b&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000691-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The gray zone: How not imposing a strict lockdown at the beginning of a pandemic can cost many lives 灰色地带：在大流行病爆发之初不实行严格封锁会导致多少人丧生
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102580
{"title":"The gray zone: How not imposing a strict lockdown at the beginning of a pandemic can cost many lives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The public debate on the effectiveness of lockdown measures is far from being settled. We estimate the impact of not having implemented a strict lockdown in the Bergamo province, during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, despite observing an infection rate in this area similar to the one observed in nearby municipalities where a strict lockdown was instead promptly implemented. We estimate the causal effect of this policy decision on daily excess mortality using the synthetic control method (SCM). We find that about two-thirds of the reported deaths could have been avoided had the Italian government declared a Red Zone in the Bergamo province. We also clarify that, in this context, SCM and difference-in-differences implicitly restrict effect heterogeneity. We provide a way to empirically assess the credibility of this assumption in our setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000757/pdfft?md5=0941e460b65eae72bd6b8ae350008ea9&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000757-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gap in many dimensions: Application to gender 多方面的差距：性别应用
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102582
{"title":"Gap in many dimensions: Application to gender","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We extend the conventional approach to gender gaps, which typically focuses on single outcomes such as wages or earnings, to multiple outcomes e.g. wages jointly with leisure, health. This changes the view of overall gender differences. Drawing on the literature on welfare and inequality measurement, we motivate a concrete class of multivariate evaluation functions and show that this is the only class with some desired properties. We examine its sensitivity to parts of the distribution and to the valuations of attributes. We exploit decomposability by gender, single dimensions, interdependence and counterfactual effects, to guide policy decisions and evaluation. The joint gender gap in wages and leisure in the US is shown for the period 2005–2022. It differs from the wage gap due to several negative effects of leisure: a slowing down of the downward trend, larger differences at the bottom of the distribution than at the top, and an increase in within-gender inequality for women. The contribution of the leisure gap to the joint gap has increased over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141411377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Joining late, leaving early? Immigrant-native disparities in labor market exit 入职晚，离职早？移民与本地人在退出劳动力市场方面的差异
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102599
{"title":"Joining late, leaving early? Immigrant-native disparities in labor market exit","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The retirement behavior of immigrants has received limited attention, despite many countries seeing rising immigrant shares in their aging populations. Population-wide data for Sweden reveals that the retirement hazard rate is higher among immigrants as early as age 50. Approaching age 65, marginal migrant groups are instead more likely to remain in the labor force rather than conform to retirement age norms. While education and family circumstances explain little of these retirement gaps, labor market history, health, and occupation are important determinants. Immigrant-native differences are more pronounced among men than women. Findings suggest that economic necessity or opportunity, rather than varying preferences, are the driving factors behind the observed retirement disparities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000940/pdfft?md5=22f80736c38bd3b248ddd4ee6a177edf&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000940-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141696419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Economic sanctions and informal employment 经济制裁和非正规就业
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102581
{"title":"Economic sanctions and informal employment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines how economic sanctions affect the allocation of workers across formal and informal employment. We analyse the case of the unprecedented sanctions imposed on Iran in 2012 and focus on the manufacturing sector. Employing a difference-in-differences approach, we compare the probability of being employed in the informal sector before and after 2012 for workers in industries with different pre-existing exposure to international trade. Our analysis reveals that, following the sanctions, workers in industries with higher trade exposure are significantly more likely to experience informal employment compared to workers in industries with lower trade exposure. These results remain robust when accounting for potential sorting issues by using an instrumental variable approach. Our findings shed light on an important margin of labour market adjustment through which sanctions can affect the economy of the target country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000769/pdfft?md5=066860a9b6f0904bc36a6f10988ea9b5&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000769-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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