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Estimating heterogeneous effects: Applications to labor economics 估算异质效应：劳动经济学的应用
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102638
Stéphane Bonhomme , Angela Denis
{"title":"Estimating heterogeneous effects: Applications to labor economics","authors":"Stéphane Bonhomme ,&nbsp;Angela Denis","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing number of applications involve settings where, in order to infer heterogeneous effects, a researcher compares various units. Examples of research designs include children moving between different neighborhoods, workers moving between firms, patients migrating from one city to another, and banks offering loans to different firms. We present a unified framework for these settings, based on a linear model with normal random coefficients and normal errors. Using the model, we discuss how to recover the mean and dispersion of effects, other features of their distribution, and to construct predictors of the effects. We provide moment conditions on the model’s parameters, and outline various estimation strategies. A main objective of the paper is to clarify some of the underlying assumptions by highlighting their economic content, and to discuss and inform some of the key practical choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Golfing CEOs 打高尔夫的首席执行官们
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102639
Yutaro Izumi , Hitoshi Shigeoka , Masayuki Yagasaki
{"title":"Golfing CEOs","authors":"Yutaro Izumi ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Shigeoka ,&nbsp;Masayuki Yagasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Izumi et al. (2023) document the existence of CEO gender homophily in firm-to-firm transactions, where CEOs of the same gender are more likely to trade more than those of the opposite gender, putting female CEOs at a disadvantage in a male-dominated business landscape. In this paper, we examine whether informal networking tools, in particular playing golf as a hobby, mitigate this disadvantage for female CEOs. Using a unique dataset that includes both CEO hobbies and detailed inter-firm networks, we show that playing golf does not benefit female CEOs in finding male business partners, while for male CEOs playing golf is associated with a higher share of trading with male CEOs. This result suggests that women’s participation in traditionally male-dominated socializing activities does not necessarily help them gain access to male business networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mother tongue-based education in a diverse society and the acquisition of foundational skills: Evidence from the Philippines 多元社会中的母语教育与基础技能的掌握：菲律宾的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102641
Takiko Igarashi, Sandy Maulana, Daniel Suryadarma
{"title":"Mother tongue-based education in a diverse society and the acquisition of foundational skills: Evidence from the Philippines","authors":"Takiko Igarashi,&nbsp;Sandy Maulana,&nbsp;Daniel Suryadarma","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Philippines is an ethnolinguistically diverse country with 180 languages spoken. In 2012, the government massively expanded the language of instruction (LoI) options, a shift from a bilingual Filipino-English education to mother tongue-based education using 19 languages targeting students in kindergarten to grade 3. The policy intended to create a closer link between the school instructional language and students’ mother tongue in the early stage of formal schooling, which would improve foundational skills and increase the students’ ability to acquire proficiency in additional languages. We use nationally representative data to evaluate the policy's impact on foundational reading and mathematics skills, exploiting a variation between student cohorts and the variation in the instructional languages before and after the policy. We find that the policy reduced the mean linguistic distance between children's mother tongue and school LoI by between 43 % to 76 %. However, we find a statistically significant and negative effect on foundational reading skills when tested in Filipino or English. The magnitude is not negligible given the Philippines’ flat learning profiles. We find the policy also negatively impacted the foundational mathematics skills of the first cohort fully exposed to the policy. Our findings imply that governments need to reconsider the mother tongue-based education policy as a tool to improve foundational skills in a diverse society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The disability pay gap in the UK: What is the role of the public sector? 英国的残疾人薪酬差距：公共部门的作用是什么？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642
Melanie Jones
{"title":"The disability pay gap in the UK: What is the role of the public sector?","authors":"Melanie Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using data from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey we provide the first evidence on variation in the disability pay gap between the public and private sector. Decomposing the disability pay gap at the mean we find evidence of a sizable unexplained pay gap in both sectors, but this is narrower in the public relative to the private sector, consistent with greater pay equality in the public sector. The unexplained disability pay gap increases across the pay distribution particularly in the private sector, suggesting a ‘glass ceiling’. As such, our evidence suggests the public sector provides relative protection for disabled employees, especially at the top end of the wage distribution. This appears to be driven by the influence for females.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142552015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany 电视与家庭人口：来自东德自然实验的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102640
Sven A. Hartmann
{"title":"Television and family demography: Evidence from a natural experiment in East Germany","authors":"Sven A. Hartmann","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the causal effects of television exposure on individual decisions regarding marriage, divorce, and family planning by utilizing a natural experiment in the German Democratic Republic during the period of German division. I exploit the fact that individuals in some East German areas could not receive Western television due to their place of residence before reunification in 1990. By analyzing survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, my results reveal that exposure to Western TV significantly reduced the likelihood of marriage and childbirth while increasing the probability of divorce among East Germans. Analyzing administrative data at the county level supports these findings. In addition, survey data from the late 1980s indicates that the observed effects are primarily due to changes in attitudes towards relationships and family life, particularly among women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142551872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Short-term labor supply response to the timing of transfer payments: Evidence from the SNAP program 短期劳动力供给对转移支付时间的反应：来自 SNAP 计划的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102636
Mindy Marks , Silvia Prina , Redina Tahaj
{"title":"Short-term labor supply response to the timing of transfer payments: Evidence from the SNAP program","authors":"Mindy Marks ,&nbsp;Silvia Prina ,&nbsp;Redina Tahaj","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the effect of the timing of SNAP payments on weekly labor supply using data from the CPS. We rely on exogenous variation in the fielding of CPS interviews relative to benefit receipt to estimate labor supply of SNAP eligible individuals at the end of their SNAP benefit cycle (i.e. about to receive benefits) compared to individuals at the start of their cycle (i.e. just received benefits). We find that the timing of SNAP benefits impacts labor supply at the intensive margin, while the extensive margin is unaffected. Conditional on being employed, eligible individuals at the end of their SNAP cycle are more likely to be absent from work compared to individuals at the start of their SNAP cycle. They are also less likely to temporarily shift to full time work. Results are more pronounced for individuals with higher predicted benefit amounts. Our findings suggest that a worsening of individuals’ status (e.g. health problems, child care issues) at the end of their SNAP cycle adversely impacts short-term work presence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distribution of vacancies and new hires across employers: Implications for job offers, skill requirements, and employers’ search outcomes 空缺职位和新员工在雇主间的分布：对工作机会、技能要求和雇主搜索结果的影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102637
Vera Brenčič
{"title":"Distribution of vacancies and new hires across employers: Implications for job offers, skill requirements, and employers’ search outcomes","authors":"Vera Brenčič","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use data on the flow of new vacancies and hires in Slovenia to document three findings. First, labour markets are highly concentrated when we use the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) to measure the distribution of either vacancies or hires across employers in markets defined by required occupation, the statistical region of employers’ headquarters, and the year of either vacancy registration or hiring. Second, employers offer less attractive job offers (in terms of offered wages and offered length of employment) and change the set of required skills (by favoring leadership, manual dexterity, and fitness) in markets with a more concentrated labour demand. Third, employers are equally likely to fill their vacancies, require a similar amount of time to fill them, and are less likely to fill vacancies with workers whose education is below the required education in markets with a more concentrated labour demand. These patterns are consistent with a labour market in which a more concentrated labour demand restricts job searchers’ job options, strengthens employers’ bargaining leverage, and results in job vacancies with less attractive job amenities yet an expanded list of required skills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102637"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health information and the timing of social security benefit entitlements 健康信息与社会保障福利权利的时间安排
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102635
Perry Singleton
{"title":"Health information and the timing of social security benefit entitlements","authors":"Perry Singleton","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines whether new health information obtained through medical screening affects entitlements to Social Security benefits. Random assignment of information is derived from a unique feature of the Continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The survey data are matched to administrative data from the Social Security Administration. The results suggest that new health information led to delays in benefit entitlements, particularly among workers near the early entitlement age. The results are consistent with employment lock, whereby workers delay retirement and continue to work to obtain employer-provided health insurance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of board gender quotas: A meta-analysis 董事会性别配额的影响：元分析
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102634
Costanza De Acutis , Andrea Weber , Elisabeth Wurm
{"title":"The effects of board gender quotas: A meta-analysis","authors":"Costanza De Acutis ,&nbsp;Andrea Weber ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Wurm","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use a meta-analysis to summarize the recent literature evaluating effects of the introduction of gender quotas on company boards. We collect data from 51 studies on policies implemented in 11 countries from which we extract 496 estimates. The literature considers the effects of quota policies on a wide range of outcome variables which we group in four categories. The findings of the meta-analysis contribute to the discussion of boardroom quota policies by mitigating some concerns of negative impacts and pointing out areas where more policy action is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The labor market effects of facilitating social security contributions under part-time employment contracts: Evidence from Colombia 非全日制就业合同下社保缴费便利化的劳动力市场效应：来自哥伦比亚的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102630
Brenda Samaniego de la Parra , Andrea Otero-Cortés , Leonardo Fabio Morales
{"title":"The labor market effects of facilitating social security contributions under part-time employment contracts: Evidence from Colombia","authors":"Brenda Samaniego de la Parra ,&nbsp;Andrea Otero-Cortés ,&nbsp;Leonardo Fabio Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine the impact of homogenizing the tax base between part-time and full-time labor contracts in a context with high informality. Using employer–employee matched administrative records and household survey data, we estimate the effects of a reform that eliminated a wedge in regulatory costs across different work schedules in Colombia, reducing the relative costs of formal part-time employment. We find that the reform increased the probability of entering the formal sector for previously informal part-time workers (the target population). Using pre-reform variation in firms’ demand for workers eligible for the policy, we find a 5.5 % increase in formal employment at firms more exposed to the policy. Mean wages at these firms rose by 0.88 % after the reform relative to those at firms that tend to hire fewer workers with no formal sector experience. Firms with more exposure to the reform also experienced higher churn, consistent with the policy creating incentives for firms to rotate across workers at a faster pace.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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