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Teaching for happiness: The impact of teachers’ education on student mental health 快乐教学：教师教育对学生心理健康的影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102671
Xuezheng Qin , Jinjie Tan , Haochen Zhang
{"title":"Teaching for happiness: The impact of teachers’ education on student mental health","authors":"Xuezheng Qin ,&nbsp;Jinjie Tan ,&nbsp;Haochen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the effect of teachers’ schooling on student mental health in junior high schools in China. Based on the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) data, we exploit the random nature of class assignment for causal identification. The results show that students taught by head teachers with more years of schooling tend to have better mental health outcomes. This effect is shown to operate through several channels: more educated teachers tend to handle students’ mental health problems in a more scientific manner; they also have more effective communication with parents regarding their children's mental health, which potentially cultivates more responsive parenting styles and a closer parent-child relationship; better-educated head teachers also induce higher peer quality for their students. Among them, teachers’ specific know-how on student mental health problems and the role of parents are identified as primary mechanisms. Subsample analyses show the impact of teachers’ schooling on student mental health is larger for students with less maternal schooling, rural students, and male students. Our findings enrich the literature on the education-health gradient, and contribute to the understanding of the social welfare gains of enhancing schoolteachers’ human capital.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Skill demand versus skill use: Comparing job posts with individual skill use on the job 技能需求与技能使用：比较工作岗位与个人技能在工作中的使用
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102661
Moira Daly , Fane Groes , Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen
{"title":"Skill demand versus skill use: Comparing job posts with individual skill use on the job","authors":"Moira Daly ,&nbsp;Fane Groes ,&nbsp;Mathias Fjællegaard Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Skill requirements in a job post reflect an employer’s “wish list,” but do they also reflect skills used on the job by the hired worker? We compare skill measures derived from the text of online job posts with individual-level data from the Danish Labour Force Survey (LFS) in which participants report their main skills used on the job as free text. By identifying individual workers from the LFS who can be matched to a job post, we validate that the extensive margin skills measures derived from job postings data reflect main skills used on the job. Thus, using job postings data to analyze skill use on the job is generally a valid empirical strategy. However, we also show that heterogeneity in returns to skills is missed if only the extensive margin of skill demand is considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender homophily in job referrals: Evidence from a field study among university students 工作推荐中的性别同一性：来自大学生实地研究的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102662
Karin Hederos , Anna Sandberg , Lukas Kvissberg , Erik Polano
{"title":"Gender homophily in job referrals: Evidence from a field study among university students","authors":"Karin Hederos ,&nbsp;Anna Sandberg ,&nbsp;Lukas Kvissberg ,&nbsp;Erik Polano","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conducted a field study at a Swedish business school to investigate gender homophily in referrer behavior. In the study, 453 participants were asked to refer another student at the school for a real job. We find that both men and women mainly refer candidates of their own gender: 71% of female participants referred a female candidate, and 75% of male participants referred a male candidate. The gender composition of close friendship networks appears to be an important driver of this pattern. Randomizing participants across two job advertisements, we find suggestive evidence that the degree of gender homophily in job referrals is stronger when the job is more consistent with stereotypes associated with the participant’s own gender.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The apple doesn't fall far from the tree: Intergenerational wealth mobility in Taiwan 苹果落在离树不远的地方：台湾的代际财富流动
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102617
Yu-Wei Luke Chu , Ming-Jen Lin , Huici Nian
{"title":"The apple doesn't fall far from the tree: Intergenerational wealth mobility in Taiwan","authors":"Yu-Wei Luke Chu ,&nbsp;Ming-Jen Lin ,&nbsp;Huici Nian","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We estimate intergenerational wealth mobility using administrative records from Taiwan and find strong intergenerational rank correlations in household gross wealth, around 0.40 for sons and 0.30 for daughters. The wealth rank correlations are similar for single and married children, even though married children have greater household wealth and relatively strong assortative mating. The intergenerational wealth correlation is nonlinear and particularly strong for families in the top 10 % of household wealth. Different family sizes and gender compositions do not significantly affect intergenerational wealth mobility, regardless of the children's gender or marital status. Since our sample includes only parents who are still alive, these correlations are not driven by bequests. However, inter vivos transfers appear to play a significant role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Improving children's foundational learning through community-school participation: Experimental evidence from rural India 通过社区-学校参与改善儿童的基础学习：来自印度农村的实验证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102615
Deepak Kumar , Naveen Sunder , Ricardo Sabates Aysa , Wilima Wadhwa
{"title":"Improving children's foundational learning through community-school participation: Experimental evidence from rural India","authors":"Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Naveen Sunder ,&nbsp;Ricardo Sabates Aysa ,&nbsp;Wilima Wadhwa","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to almost-universal enrolment in primary schools, policy focus has shifted towards improving learning outcomes. One important way of doing this is to enhance accountability, especially in the case of public provision of education. In this context, we examine the effectiveness of two different strategies of increasing accountability – one involving only the community, and the other which builds collaboration between the schools and the community. We implement a randomized controlled trial in 400 villages in India, and find: (i) both interventions led to a significant enhancement in children's foundational literacy and numeracy skills, (ii) we observed limited differences between the impacts of the two interventions, and (iii) the community-school intervention exhibited significantly greater effects when parents reported visiting the school, underscoring the vital role of parent-teacher interactions and their shared responsibility in shaping children's learning outcomes. In terms of mechanism, we find that direct learning inputs play a major role in mediating the observed effects of both interventions. Additionally, parent-teacher engagement and children's studying habits outside of the school are potential important channels through which the observed effects operate in the community-school intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142196131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incentive contracts with pay gap and pay equity 薪酬差距和薪酬公平的激励合同
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102651
Jaesoo Kim
{"title":"Incentive contracts with pay gap and pay equity","authors":"Jaesoo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper explores the impact of non-standard work hours on job performance, with a particular focus on the gender pay gap within the principal–agent model. We develop a moral hazard model that introduces a gender-specific dimension, examining the relationship between optimal contracts and performance pay disparities. We explore two distinct scenarios—one featuring different pay and another with equal pay. The situation with different pay enables us to discern the factors contributing to the wage gap between the two workers. Upon examining the scenario where the contract is constrained to equal pay, we identify two noteworthy outcomes within the optimal contract. Firstly, the compensation structure shifts toward dependence on relative performance, departing from the independent performance evaluation observed in scenarios with different pay. Secondly, equal pay decreases the likelihood of having both the glass ceiling and glass cliff phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is sex ratio a valid distribution factor in a collective model? 性别比例在集体模型中是一个有效的分配因子吗？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102647
Yujung Hwang , Toan Nguyen
{"title":"Is sex ratio a valid distribution factor in a collective model?","authors":"Yujung Hwang ,&nbsp;Toan Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A distribution factor generates exogenous variation in household members’ bargaining weights, and therefore, it helps identify a collective model. We derive testable hypotheses of the exogeneity of a single distribution factor in a general collective model. Next, we test whether the local sex ratio – a popular distribution factor in the literature – satisfies the exclusion restriction required of distribution factors using the dual-earner sample in Japanese and Australian data. We reject the exclusion restriction for Japan but not for Australia, which is explained by a dependency between the local sex ratio and local gender norms in Japan. We discuss its implication on the marriage market matching model equilibrium. Next, we conclude by investigating alternative distribution factors, but we find similar endogeneity issues in the Japanese sample, implying that understanding cultural context would be critical when choosing a distribution factor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102647"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Soft-skills, networking, and workforce entry: Impacts of a training program for recent graduates in Rwanda 软技能、网络和就业：卢旺达应届毕业生培训计划的影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102650
Andrew Brudevold-Newman, Diego Ubfal
{"title":"Soft-skills, networking, and workforce entry: Impacts of a training program for recent graduates in Rwanda","authors":"Andrew Brudevold-Newman,&nbsp;Diego Ubfal","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Young adults seeking to enter the labor market often confront a skills mismatch, with employers expressing challenges in recruiting new entrants who possess the necessary soft skills. This paper reports findings from a randomized controlled trial in Rwanda, in which recent tertiary education graduates were randomly selected to participate in a two-week intensive soft skills training program developed and delivered by the staff of the University of Rwanda. Results indicate that the program expedited the graduates’ entry into the job market during a period marked by disruptions due to COVID-19. These effects dissipated over the following year as more jobs became available in the economy, and the employment rate of the control group caught up with that of the treatment group. The faster labor market entry for the training participants seems to be driven by an expansion and more intensive use of their job networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender differences in reservation wages: New evidence for Germany 保留工资的性别差异：德国的新证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102649
Marina Bonaccolto-Töpfer , Sascha Satlukal
{"title":"Gender differences in reservation wages: New evidence for Germany","authors":"Marina Bonaccolto-Töpfer ,&nbsp;Sascha Satlukal","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generally, women set lower reservation wages than men what may translate into substantial gender pay gaps in the labor market. This paper compares both parametric and semiparametric estimators to analyze unexplained gender gaps in reservation wages among non-employed individuals in Germany. We examine these estimators using both conventional and data-driven model specifications. The results suggest substantial unexplained gaps in favor of men (up to 8%). In addition, we show that the gaps are larger at the top of the reservation wage distribution as well as among individuals with children and with a high educational attainment. The estimates are robust across the various estimators and model specifications. These findings imply that pronounced unexplained gender gaps in reservation wages do exist in Germany. As they are likely to result in actual gender pay gaps, gender gaps in reservation wages should be on the political agenda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Equilibrium effects of payroll tax reductions and optimal policy design 薪资税削减的均衡效应和最佳政策设计
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102646
Thomas Breda , Luke Haywood , Haomin Wang
{"title":"Equilibrium effects of payroll tax reductions and optimal policy design","authors":"Thomas Breda ,&nbsp;Luke Haywood ,&nbsp;Haomin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We quantify the unintended effects of a low-wage payroll tax reduction using an equilibrium search model featuring bargaining, worker and firm productivity heterogeneity, labor taxes, and a minimum wage. The decentralized economy is inefficient due to search externalities and labor market policies. We estimate the model using French data and find that a significant reduction in low-wage payroll taxes in 1995 leads to an overall improvement in economic efficiency by increasing employment and correcting existing policy distortions that disincentivize labor force participation. However, the tax reduction, by increasing labor force participation among low-productivity workers and vacancy postings by low-productivity firms, results in negative but minor spillover and reallocation effects due to congestion. We find that the optimal policy mix is a lower minimum wage and lower payroll taxes compared to the policies in place in the early 1990s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102646"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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