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Expanding boundaries: The Impact of kindergarten availability on women's employment in China 扩展边界：幼儿园的普及对中国女性就业的影响
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102542
Guanfu Fang, Liya Miao
{"title":"Expanding boundaries: The Impact of kindergarten availability on women's employment in China","authors":"Guanfu Fang,&nbsp;Liya Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the causal effects of kindergarten availability on female employment outcomes in China. Using a regression discontinuity design based on the eligibility rules for kindergarten attendance, we find that kindergarten eligibility increases the probability of rural mothers working in non-agricultural sectors and their working hours in non-agricultural sectors, mainly by reducing time spent on agricultural and unpaid domestic work. However, we do not find a significant effect for urban mothers, possibly due to the availability of private childcare options. We also show that the impact of kindergarten eligibility on rural mothers' non-agricultural employment is stronger for those from low-income households, nuclear families, and with high exposure to traditional gender norms. Moreover, we provide evidence that kindergarten eligibility increases the non-agricultural employment of co-residing grandmothers in rural areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The effects of minimum wages on employment and prices—Evidence from the hairdressing sector 最低工资对就业和物价的影响--来自美发行业的证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102540
Max Kunaschk
{"title":"The effects of minimum wages on employment and prices—Evidence from the hairdressing sector","authors":"Max Kunaschk","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper provides comprehensive evidence on the labor and product market effects of a high-impact minimum wage introduction in the highly competitive hairdressing sector. Using detailed administrative data, I find negligible overall employment effects, even though the minimum wage substantially increased hourly wages. However, sub-group analyses reveal considerable heterogeneity in the estimated employment effects and suggest shifts away from marginal towards regular employment. Analyses of the price effects suggest that the reform increased output prices considerably, implying that consumers largely paid for the minimum wage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000356/pdfft?md5=1568ff4c7c2035d56575fc5116b84379&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000356-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140605865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Minimum wage and self-employed business owners: Evidence from South Korea 最低工资与自雇企业主：来自韩国的证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102539
Taehyun Ahn
{"title":"Minimum wage and self-employed business owners: Evidence from South Korea","authors":"Taehyun Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the influences of minimum wage on self-employment exits, using recent changes in the minimum wage level in South Korea. Using the cross-industry variation on the impact of the minimum wage—the proportion of workers whose wages are below the minimum wage in the upcoming year—combined with individual longitudinal data, I estimate the model of self-employment exits. Overall, the estimates show that the minimum wage hike has no significant impact on self-employed workers. However, it increases the likelihood of the business closing for the self-employed who hire employees. The results imply that a ten percent increase in the minimum wage raises the exit probability by 2.6 percentage points, which is 30.9 % of the average exit rate for those with employees. Moreover, the exits are significantly associated with the transition to non-employment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140347991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Programs of study and earnings dynamics 学习计划和收入动态
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102532
Philippe d’Astous , Stephen H. Shore
{"title":"Programs of study and earnings dynamics","authors":"Philippe d’Astous ,&nbsp;Stephen H. Shore","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>University programs differ in the subsequent earnings processes of their enrollees, including many features that students might care about to differing degrees such as the level of average earnings, earnings growth, and volatility. Do the earnings features of a university program’s enrollees reflect the causal effect of enrolling in that program or the self-selection of students into that program? Would students experience a different earnings process if they enrolled in a different program of study? To estimate the causal impact of enrolling in a program of study on the enrollees’ future earnings process, we exploit a discontinuity built into the Danish national university admissions system, which provides quasi-random assignment of similar applicants to different programs. We leverage the rich cross-program variation in the enrollees’ future earnings processes to measure the impact of entering a program whose enrollees experience high earnings levels, growth, and volatility on their own subsequent earnings level, growth, and volatility. We find that a student’s subsequent earnings levels and volatility – but not their earnings growth – are caused by entering programs of study whose enrollees have those features.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000228/pdfft?md5=d291487f5e44256dab071ddd9006d1ff&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000228-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140343688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Import Shocks and Gendered Labor Market Responses: Evidence from Mexico 进口冲击与性别劳动力市场反应：墨西哥的证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102536
Pia Heckl
{"title":"Import Shocks and Gendered Labor Market Responses: Evidence from Mexico","authors":"Pia Heckl","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies gender differences in labor market responses of workers in Mexico to trade liberalization with China. To measure exposure to import competition, I exploit variation in the initial industry structure of Mexican local labor markets. I show that aggregate outcomes mask heterogeneous responses based on gender. Both women and men experience lower growth in employment shares but the change in the labor force participation rate is negatively affected for men and positively affected for women. Further analysis shows that women move into self-employment and that informal employment acts as a “buffer” to attenuate negative employment effects, especially for male workers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140180932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discrimination against lesbian and gay job seekers: An artefactual field experiment in urban Ecuador 对男女同性恋求职者的歧视：厄瓜多尔城市的人工实地实验
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102531
Wladimir Zanoni , Hugo Hernández , Omar Zambrano , Gabriel Quiroz
{"title":"Discrimination against lesbian and gay job seekers: An artefactual field experiment in urban Ecuador","authors":"Wladimir Zanoni ,&nbsp;Hugo Hernández ,&nbsp;Omar Zambrano ,&nbsp;Gabriel Quiroz","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the findings of an artefactual field experiment conducted in urban Ecuador to investigate discrimination against individuals self-identifying as lesbian or gay (LG) job seekers in the labor market. Focusing on occupations and sectors that attract the employment interest of both LG and non-LG individuals, the study employed fictitious job applications evaluated by 394 human resource analysts. The results reveal gender-based differential discrimination. Female LG candidates experienced positive discrimination and were more likely to be selected and offered higher wages compared to their heterosexual counterparts. In contrast, male LG candidates experienced negative discrimination, saw no wage differences, and were less likely to be selected. The study finds that female recruiters are especially influential in driving these discriminatory behaviors. These findings contribute to the understanding of the complex dynamics of discrimination towards LG workers in the labor market and of the interaction of that form of discrimination with gender.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140154729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Job search with commuting and unemployment insurance: A look at workers’ strategies in time 带通勤和失业保险的求职：工人的时间策略
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102537
Elisa Guglielminetti , Rafael Lalive , Philippe Ruh , Etienne Wasmer
{"title":"Job search with commuting and unemployment insurance: A look at workers’ strategies in time","authors":"Elisa Guglielminetti ,&nbsp;Rafael Lalive ,&nbsp;Philippe Ruh ,&nbsp;Etienne Wasmer","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unemployed workers search for jobs that ideally offer both high wages and short commutes. But would they accept jobs with lower wages or longer commutes or both as the unemployment spell lengthens? Using a unique panel of Austrian workers, we find that job seekers do indeed accept jobs with significantly lower wages. However, the majority group of job seekers who used to commute to jobs located outside their municipality of residence tend to increasingly accept jobs in their home municipality, and do not necessarily broaden geographically their search. Based on quasi-experimental variations in the duration of unemployment benefits, we find that this evolution of commuting patterns is not linked to the loss of benefits. We explain these findings through the lens of a job search model where flexible parameters such as search costs are allowed to vary across space and time. We estimate that search costs are substantial and increase differently over time for local and non-local jobs, accounting for the patterns found in the data. A counterfactual policy exercise suggests that unemployment insurance does not hinder geographical mobility. Competing mechanisms are discussed and their role is left to future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000320/pdfft?md5=dd91926fe2ba4ffb5d8d8f8ca6b51487&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000320-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140154657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Working more for more and working more for less: Labor supply in the gain and loss domains 多劳多得和少劳少得：收益和损失领域的劳动力供给
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102533
C. Bram Cadsby , Fei Song , Nick Zubanov
{"title":"Working more for more and working more for less: Labor supply in the gain and loss domains","authors":"C. Bram Cadsby ,&nbsp;Fei Song ,&nbsp;Nick Zubanov","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine labor supply responses to piece rate changes relative to the reference piece rate (RR). In experimental conditions without RR, labor supply increases monotonically with the actual piece rate. In conditions with RR, labor supply increases both when the piece rate rises and falls relative to RR. This non-monotonicity in labor supply responses to piece rate changes around RR is consistent with the effects of framing a given level of income as gain or loss relative to the target level induced by RR: loss aversion makes subjects work more at a given piece rate when the implied income is in the loss rather than gain domain. However, the framing effects disappear when the piece rate could both rise or fall relative to RR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000289/pdfft?md5=a97c3e2d22433512bbf047a979e110a2&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labour supply and survivor insurance in the Netherlands 荷兰的劳动力供应和遗属保险
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102527
Simon Rabaté , Julie Tréguier
{"title":"Labour supply and survivor insurance in the Netherlands","authors":"Simon Rabaté ,&nbsp;Julie Tréguier","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the effects of survivor benefits (SB) on the labour supply of widows. Using rich administrative data on the Dutch population and a reform that considerably restricted eligibility to SB, we identify the causal effect of SB on labour supply. Using a regression discontinuity design strategy based on the cohort-based implementation of the reform, we show that labour income after spousal death increased significantly following the reform (+110 euros, +23%). The effects are driven by changes in labour force participation and hours worked by widows. We also find evidence of program substitution, with widows relying more on disability, unemployment and welfare benefits as a result of the reform. This increase in alternative benefits further limits the reduction in total income caused by the reform by an average of 60 euros. Regarding the heterogeneity of the labour supply response, we find that widows with a relatively higher need for self-insurance increase their labour supply relatively more.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distributional effects of education on mental health 教育对心理健康的分布影响
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102528
Yanan Li , Naveen Sunder
{"title":"Distributional effects of education on mental health","authors":"Yanan Li ,&nbsp;Naveen Sunder","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We leverage the exogenous variation in education induced by the implementation of a national compulsory schooling law (CSL) in China in 1986 to study the mean and heterogeneous effects of education on mental health. Regression discontinuity (RD) estimates suggest that on average CSL beneficiaries had better mental health and lower probability of being severely depressed. We combine the RD design with novel distributional analysis methods to demonstrate that this average effect is largely driven by improvements in the top half of the mental health distribution (higher scores indicating worse mental health). These findings not only add to the scant evidence on the effect of education on mental health in low- and middle- income contexts, but also suggest that looking beyond average effects might better inform how policies can be targeted to enhance their benefits. In terms of potential mechanisms, we find that CSL beneficiaries experienced better physical health, labor market outcomes and marital outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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