Labour Economics最新文献_第10页

The composition of applicants, mismatch, and matching efficiency in the German VET market 德国职业技术培训市场的申请人构成、不匹配和匹配效率

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102755

Bernd Fitzenberger , Anna Heusler , Anna Houštecká , Leonie Wicht

{"title":"The composition of applicants, mismatch, and matching efficiency in the German VET market","authors":"Bernd Fitzenberger , Anna Heusler , Anna Houštecká , Leonie Wicht","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entries into firm-based vocational education and training (VET) stagnated in Germany during the 2010s and decreased by 11% between 2019 and 2020, which is likely to exacerbate future shortages of skilled workers. Against this backdrop, we study the VET market through the lens of a matching function estimated at the occupation by district level between 2013 and 2021. We employ a novel strategy to instrument for applicants and vacancies which draws on differences in local labor market conditions for different occupations. Our estimated matching elasticities for applicants and vacancies are 0.46 and 0.57, respectively. Matching efficiency shows a slight downward trend before Covid and a large drop during Covid. Using our estimates to decompose aggregate trends in matches, we find that while matching efficiency and applicants drove matches down before Covid, the increase in vacancies until 2019 stabilized the VET market. During Covid, the drop in applicants, vacancies, and matching efficiency contributed similarly to the sudden drop of matches. Furthermore, without the increase in migrants applying to VET positions, demographic change alone would have led to an even greater decline in matches already before Covid. Changes in occupational and regional mismatch did little in explaining the overall trend in matches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does a flexible parental leave system stimulate maternal employment? 弹性产假制度会否刺激产妇就业？

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102762

Lennart Ziegler , Omar Bamieh

{"title":"Does a flexible parental leave system stimulate maternal employment?","authors":"Lennart Ziegler , Omar Bamieh","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While many women stop working for an extended period after the birth of a child, well-designed parental leave policies can incentivize mothers to return to the labor market sooner. This study examines the effect of two recent parental leave reforms in Austria that allow parents to choose leave schemes with varying duration. Using a regression discontinuity design, we find that the introduction of more flexible scheme choices led mothers to take, on average, 1–2 months less of leave. This decrease in leave duration, however, was not accompanied by an employment increase of similar magnitude. To understand the absence of labor supply effects, we examine data on work preferences from the Austrian Microcensus. Child care duties are cited as the primary reason for not seeking work but few mothers indicate that they would start working if better access to formal childcare were available. Switching to the more flexible leave system had a minimal effect on the labor market choices of mothers, as the majority continue to prioritize child care responsibilities and do not consider nurseries as a desirable alternative. Our findings suggest that policy efforts to shorten parental leave may not be effective in the presence of strong family norms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What determines the gender pay gap in academia? 是什么决定了学术界的性别薪酬差距？

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102758

Jaan Masso , Jaanika Meriküll , Liis Roosaar , Kärt Rõigas , Tiiu Paas

{"title":"What determines the gender pay gap in academia?","authors":"Jaan Masso , Jaanika Meriküll , Liis Roosaar , Kärt Rõigas , Tiiu Paas","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on two mechanisms that could explain the persistence of the gender pay gap – salary negotiations and child penalty. The academic sector is studied using administrative data from the University of Tartu, the largest university in Estonia. Data on academic staff from 2012 to 2021 have been merged with the population register and web-scraped data from Scopus. The role of negotiations is evaluated by deriving, for each academic field, their outside option earnings using administrative records of graduates, and the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is applied to evaluate whether men and women leverage this outside option differently in their salaries in academia. The child penalty in academia is estimated using a quasi-experimental event-study approach where we exploit the panel dimension of our data. We find that men obtain higher returns than women from the same outside option during salary negotiations. Given that men and women are subject to evaluation and wage negotiations with equal frequency in academia, we assign this gap to women being less effective negotiators. We find the child penalty for women in academia to be short-lived, resulting from a decline in working hours equal to two and a half years of full-time work spread over five years after childbirth. There is no statistically significant child penalty for women in terms of hourly wages, publications, or citations. Men, in contrast, do not experience any penalties related to children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The value of school choice opportunities 择校机会的价值

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102742

Lukas Hörnig , Max Schäfer

引用次数: 0

Job search under changing labour taxes 劳动税变化下的求职

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102750

Alex Bryson , Harald Dale-Olsen

引用次数: 0

Socialism, identity and the well-being of unemployed women 社会主义，身份和失业妇女的福祉

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102752

Tom Günther , Jakob Conradi , Clemens Hetschko

{"title":"Socialism, identity and the well-being of unemployed women","authors":"Tom Günther , Jakob Conradi , Clemens Hetschko","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unemployment influences people’s life satisfaction beyond negative income shocks. A large body of literature investigates these non-pecuniary costs of unemployment and stresses the importance of social norms, especially for men. We add to this literature by showing that norm non-compliance may equally inflate the non-pecuniary loss of well-being for unemployed women. Using German panel data, we use the German division as a natural experiment to compare unemployment-related life satisfaction losses between different cohorts of East and West German women. We hypothesise that being exposed to different legal norms concerning workforce participation and different opportunity cost of working after the division shaped social identities and thus social norms around work for the two German female populations in different ways. East German women were required to work whereas West German women were expected to focus on family care. We find that East German women suffer significantly more from unemployment than West German women. This difference is driven entirely by East German females who were exclusively raised in the former GDR. We do not find such diverging patterns for German men. Our findings imply that women suffer as much as men from unemployment if socialised in the same way.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of team diversity on individual performance and voice: A field experiment of group composition by gender and language 团队多样性对个人绩效和声音的影响：基于性别和语言的团队组成的现场实验

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102763

Valentina Contreras , Chiara Orsini , Berkay Özcan , Johann Koehler

引用次数: 0

Human after all: Occupations at the core of AI adoption 毕竟是人类：人工智能应用的核心职业

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102754

Luca Fontanelli , Flavio Calvino , Chiara Criscuolo , Lionel Nesta , Elena Verdolini

引用次数: 0

Earnings expectations of “First-in Family” university students and their role for major choice “家庭第一”大学生的收入预期及其在专业选择中的作用

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102743

Katharina Adler , Fabian Kosse , Markus Nagler , Johannes Rincke

引用次数: 0

Reducing the child penalty by incentivizing maternal part-time work? 通过鼓励母亲兼职来减少对孩子的惩罚？

IF 2.6 2区经济学

Labour Economics Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102759

Laurenz Baertsch , Malte Sandner

{"title":"Reducing the child penalty by incentivizing maternal part-time work?","authors":"Laurenz Baertsch , Malte Sandner","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2025.102759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Governments worldwide are discussing ways to increase maternal labor market participation and to reduce the child penalty. This study analyzes the long run effects of a paid parental leave reform in Germany, a country characterized by high rates of maternal part-time employment after childbirth. The reform introduced additional financial incentives for mothers to engage in part-time work during the first two years following childbirth. Using German social security records, we exploit the fact that only mothers whose child is born in or after July 2015 are eligible for the new part-time parental leave option in a Difference-in-Differences strategy. We find that the policy increased the probability that high-income mothers return to work during the first year after child birth by 2.1–2.8 percentage points (<span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span> 15%–20%). However, the policy does not affect maternal employment along the extensive or intensive margin (part-time or full-time work) in the long run (i.e. up to 4.5 years after child). This indicates that while the reform successfully encourages early part-time return to work among high-income mothers, it does not significantly reduce the child penalty. However, it does also not trap mothers in part-time employment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 102759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0