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Distributional effects of education on mental health 教育对心理健康的分布影响
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102528
Yanan Li , Naveen Sunder
{"title":"Distributional effects of education on mental health","authors":"Yanan Li ,&nbsp;Naveen Sunder","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We leverage the exogenous variation in education induced by the implementation of a national compulsory schooling law (CSL) in China in 1986 to study the mean and heterogeneous effects of education on mental health. Regression discontinuity (RD) estimates suggest that on average CSL beneficiaries had better mental health and lower probability of being severely depressed. We combine the RD design with novel distributional analysis methods to demonstrate that this average effect is largely driven by improvements in the top half of the mental health distribution (higher scores indicating worse mental health). These findings not only add to the scant evidence on the effect of education on mental health in low- and middle- income contexts, but also suggest that looking beyond average effects might better inform how policies can be targeted to enhance their benefits. In terms of potential mechanisms, we find that CSL beneficiaries experienced better physical health, labor market outcomes and marital outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An intensive, school-based learning camp targeting academic and non-cognitive skills evaluated in a randomized trial 在随机试验中对针对学术和非认知技能的校本强化学习营进行评估
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102535
Charlotte Hvidman , Alexander K. Koch , Julia Nafziger , Søren Albeck Nielsen , Michael Rosholm
{"title":"An intensive, school-based learning camp targeting academic and non-cognitive skills evaluated in a randomized trial","authors":"Charlotte Hvidman ,&nbsp;Alexander K. Koch ,&nbsp;Julia Nafziger ,&nbsp;Søren Albeck Nielsen ,&nbsp;Michael Rosholm","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We evaluate school-based, intensive learning camps for pupils assessed ‘not ready’ for post-compulsory education, using a stratified cluster randomized trial involving 15,559 pupils in 264 schools in Denmark. Next to Danish and mathematics, the main variant targets non-cognitive skills. The alternative variant uses this time for more training in Danish and math. We find some weak evidence for positive short-run effects in the standardized test score in math (effect sizes 0.07–0.17) but not in Danish. We find some evidence of positive long-run effects on the final exams in math in grade 9 and enrolment in post-compulsory education 2.5 years post-intervention. We find no evidence that the camp affects non-cognitive skills. Our results provide a perspective on recent evidence regarding the effects of training non-cognitive skills — by running an intervention with older pupils and in a comparatively high-resource school system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000307/pdfft?md5=c430a6ef749e1b6c7f8cb469a7346d46&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000307-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Job polarization and non-standard work: Evidence from France 工作两极分化和非标准工作：来自法国的证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102534
Olivier Charlot , Idriss Fontaine , Thepthida Sopraseuth
{"title":"Job polarization and non-standard work: Evidence from France","authors":"Olivier Charlot ,&nbsp;Idriss Fontaine ,&nbsp;Thepthida Sopraseuth","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using annual and quarterly data from the French LFS, we investigate the interplay between the extensive and intensive margins of labor adjustment, job polarization, and non-standard work (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>) along the business cycle. We find that the declines in aggregate work hours during economic downturns can primarily be attributed to the reduction in routine standard employment (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>) during past recessions in France. We then study the dynamics of routine standard employment, highlighting several key findings: (i) The primary drivers of <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span> employment are inflows from routine non-standard work (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span>) and unemployment. (ii) Individuals who lose <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span> jobs are more likely to transition to <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>N</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></math></span> positions following a brief period of unemployment. (iii) A majority of transitions within this employment category occur within the same employer, resulting in asymmetric adjustments in individual working hours. This often involves a notable increase in hours following either a contractual upgrade or a change in employer. Finally, we draw a comparative analysis between these findings and the United States, where the dynamics of routine employment appear distinct, despite a similar trend in job polarization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Skill loss during unemployment and the scarring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic 失业期间的技能损失和 COVID-19 大流行病的伤疤效应
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102516
Paul Jackson , Victor Ortego-Marti
{"title":"Skill loss during unemployment and the scarring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Paul Jackson ,&nbsp;Victor Ortego-Marti","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We integrate the SIR epidemiology model into a search and matching framework with skill loss during unemployment. As infections spread, fewer jobs are created, skills deteriorate and TFP declines. The equilibrium is not efficient due to infection and skill composition externalities. Job creation increases infections due to increased interactions among workers. However, lower job creation decreases TFP due to skill loss. A pandemic causes the unemployment rate to increase by 13.4 percentage points and TFP to decline by 0.61%, i.e. nearly 54% of productivity losses in past recessions. We study the efficient allocation given the trade-off between both externalities and show that quantitatively the skill composition externality is sizable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140033844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The cyclicality of on-the-job search 在职求职的周期性
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102517
Felix Bransch , Samreen Malik , Benedikt Mihm
{"title":"The cyclicality of on-the-job search","authors":"Felix Bransch ,&nbsp;Samreen Malik ,&nbsp;Benedikt Mihm","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On-the-job search is increasingly recognized as an important potential driver of labor market dynamics over the business cycle. Using the UK Labor Force Survey, we find robust empirical evidence that on-the-job search is countercyclical and that the cyclical fluctuations have important repercussions for labor market dynamics. We also find that the cyclical pattern is not explained by precautionary search motives but rather appears to be driven by job-ladder-motivated searches. This finding is surprising because, as we confirm, the expected returns to on-the-job search are procyclical. We find evidence that three features of search behavior may contribute to this finding: greater search effort in response to lower job-to-job transition probabilities, a prevalence of non-pecuniary motivated searches that are less affected by lower expected wage gains, and procyclicality in average match quality, which has a significant impact on the search behavior of new hires over the business cycle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000137/pdfft?md5=ffb38ec7278388200549343d7e9b523f&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local employment multiplier: Evidence from relocation of public-sector entities in South Korea 当地就业乘数：韩国公共部门实体搬迁的证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102515
Hwanoong Lee , Changsu Ko , Wookun Kim
{"title":"Local employment multiplier: Evidence from relocation of public-sector entities in South Korea","authors":"Hwanoong Lee ,&nbsp;Changsu Ko ,&nbsp;Wookun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We exploit a series of public-sector entity relocations in South Korea as an exogenous source of variation in public sector employment to estimate the local employment multiplier. We find that the introduction of one public sector employment position increases private sector employment by one unit, primarily driven by the service sector. Consistent with existing literature, we document that the effect of public employment on private employment is highly localized. In addition to changes in private employment, we also discover that the relocations led to a positive net influx of residents into the treated neighborhoods; this effect is also localized. Lastly, by estimating the local employment multiplier for each relocation site, we document the heterogeneity of the local employment multiplier and provide suggestive evidence that this heterogeneity is shaped by the local economic environment’s capacity to accommodate additional general equilibrium responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Search, unemployment, and the Beveridge curve: Experimental evidence 搜索、失业和贝弗里奇曲线：实验证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102518
John Duffy , Brian C. Jenkins
{"title":"Search, unemployment, and the Beveridge curve: Experimental evidence","authors":"John Duffy ,&nbsp;Brian C. Jenkins","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We report on a laboratory experiment testing the predictions of the Diamond–Mortensen–Pissarides (DMP) search-and-matching model, which is a workhorse, decentralized model of unemployment and the labor market. We focus on the job vacancy posting problem that firms face in the DMP model. We explore the model’s comparative statics predictions concerning variations in the separation rate, the vacancy posting cost, and the firm’s surplus earned per employee. Across all treatments, we find strong evidence for an inverse relationship between vacancies and unemployment, consistent with the Beveridge curve. We also find that the results of our various comparative statics exercises are in-line with the predictions of the theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction to the Labour Economics special issue on immigration economics 劳动经济学》移民经济学特刊简介
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102513
Albrecht Glitz , Hillel Rapoport
{"title":"Introduction to the Labour Economics special issue on immigration economics","authors":"Albrecht Glitz ,&nbsp;Hillel Rapoport","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article introduces the <em>Labour Economics</em> Special Issue on Immigration Economics. We summarize the twelve papers that were selected for publication and outline their contributions to the broader migration literature. The articles are grouped into four blocks: citizenship and discrimination, the political economy of refugee integration, labour market effects of immigration, and immigration, skills and education.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000095/pdfft?md5=0a4193ffe4064113f772f20089814145&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000095-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The role of tasks, contractual arrangements, and job composition in explaining the dynamics of wage inequality: Evidence from France 任务、合同安排和工作构成在解释工资不平等动态中的作用：来自法国的证据
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102514
Marta Fana , Luca Giangregorio
{"title":"The role of tasks, contractual arrangements, and job composition in explaining the dynamics of wage inequality: Evidence from France","authors":"Marta Fana ,&nbsp;Luca Giangregorio","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper examines wage differentials in France over time, analysing the impact of various covariates at different points on the wage distribution scale. We simultaneously assess multiple potential explanatory factors, including the tasks performed by workers, organizational methods, contractual arrangements, and individual characteristics. To accomplish this, we utilise a unique worker-level database, the French <em>Enquête Complémentaire Emploi: Conditions de travail</em>, covering the period from 2005 to 2016. Our primary findings support the hypothesis that shifts in wage differentials across the wage distribution can be predominantly attributed to contractual and work arrangements, as opposed to tasks and organizational practices. Job composition and contractual arrangements emerge as pivotal factors in understanding the determinants and patterns of wage inequality among workers. In contrast, tasks' content and organizational methods appear to play a relatively minor role. In sum, the evidence presented in this article suggests that the RBTC hypothesis may not be generalised across countries. It underscores the importance of considering structural and institutional factors, particularly in countries characterised by highly regulated labour markets and a strong tradition of industrial relations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124000101/pdfft?md5=525544da00ff4f65fafbf41724a5f3eb&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124000101-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robots at work in emerging developing countries: How bad could it be? 机器人在新兴发展中国家工作：情况会有多糟？
IF 2.4 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102512
Carlos J. García, Wildo D. González, Tiare Rivera
{"title":"Robots at work in emerging developing countries: How bad could it be?","authors":"Carlos J. García,&nbsp;Wildo D. González,&nbsp;Tiare Rivera","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We address the impact that robots will have on emerging developing economies by using a nonlinear general equilibrium model consistent with the empirical evidence available so far. The impact in the first decades is negative at the aggregate level, which then reverses due to productivity gains. These economies accommodate the rise of robots not only with a fall in the interest rate, but also with a real depreciation in the medium term and a reduction in marginal costs. Despite these adjustments, the labor force loses out and the gap in terms of economic growth with the developed world increases dramatically. We show that the direct production of robots, and thus the existence of human capital to produce them, could trigger a virtuous circle with other sectors in these countries to achieve high growth rates driven by the export sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139694660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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