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Decomposing the exporter wage gap: Selection or differential returns? 分解出口商工资差距：选择还是收益差异？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102633
Jonas Ehn Bødker , Jonas Maibom , Rune Vejlin
{"title":"Decomposing the exporter wage gap: Selection or differential returns?","authors":"Jonas Ehn Bødker ,&nbsp;Jonas Maibom ,&nbsp;Rune Vejlin","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that the exporter wage gap is driven by workers sorting on comparative advantage rather than firm selection. We start out with an AKM-style wage equation with worker, firm, and residual “match” fixed effects. We show that allowing worker and firm effects to depend on the export status of the firm changes how the exporter wage gap is decomposed. Our results suggest that workers in exporting firms have unobserved traits that are particularly valuable in exporting, resulting in higher wages for workers in those firms. Further, we show that workers make job transitions based on their differential returns. Thus, the exporter wage gap results from workers self-selecting into exporting and non-exporting firms based on their comparative advantage. Finally, we show that the conclusion is robust to relaxing the linearity assumptions of the AKM-style framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102633"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001295/pdfft?md5=6c2624215ceaeb5e2b4f888ccc7dab6e&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001295-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How do firms attain internal and external flexibility of employment? 企业如何实现内部和外部就业灵活性？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102628
Taiyo Fukai , Daiji Kawaguchi , Ayako Kondo , Izumi Yokoyama
{"title":"How do firms attain internal and external flexibility of employment?","authors":"Taiyo Fukai ,&nbsp;Daiji Kawaguchi ,&nbsp;Ayako Kondo ,&nbsp;Izumi Yokoyama","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While firms in many developed countries increasingly rely on workers with nonstandard contracts, the underlying economic factor distinguishing workers on standard contracts from those on nonstandard contracts is poorly understood. Thus, we explore the asymmetric employment and wage adjustments of these two groups to examine whether differences in the importance of firm–worker relation specificity between the two types of workers is a fundamental source of the heterogeneity. We use unique firm-level panel data that records the number of dispatched workers from temporary help agencies, matched with payroll records. Leveraging the exogenous shock that stems from exchange rate fluctuation and heterogeneous trade exposure among firms, we find that firms absorb temporary shocks by adjusting the number of dispatched workers while refraining from changing the employment of in-house workers. Instead, firms opt to change the wages of in-house workers by adjusting their yearly bonuses, rather than their monthly wages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heterogeneous effects of monetary and non-monetary job characteristics on job attractiveness in nursing 金钱和非金钱工作特征对护理工作吸引力的异质性影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102632
Martin Kroczek , Philipp Kugler
{"title":"Heterogeneous effects of monetary and non-monetary job characteristics on job attractiveness in nursing","authors":"Martin Kroczek ,&nbsp;Philipp Kugler","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We apply a novel methodological approach described by Chernozhukov et al. (2018), to analyze preference heterogeneity regarding non-monetary job characteristics and trade-offs between wage and non-monetary job characteristics. Using this approach, we can describe preference heterogeneity more concise than with subgroup analysis. Analyzing data from a self-conducted factorial survey experiment on nurses, we find significant effect heterogeneity regarding non-monetary job characteristics and their trade-off with wages. We also find positive interaction effects between wage and other job characteristics. We further analyze which factors are associated with effect heterogeneity. Working hours and gender appear to be the main drivers of these effects. We also find differences regarding the sources of a nurse’s motivation to initially choose the nursing occupation. Differentiation of job characteristics (job offers) to fit different preferences can therefore be a more effective and efficient way to attract workers than a “one size fits all” solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labour market impacts of the China shock: Why the tide of Globalisation did not lift all boats 中国冲击对劳动力市场的影响：为什么全球化的浪潮没有掀起所有的浪花？
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102629
David Dorn , Peter Levell
{"title":"Labour market impacts of the China shock: Why the tide of Globalisation did not lift all boats","authors":"David Dorn ,&nbsp;Peter Levell","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 1990s and 2000s saw a dramatic expansion in global goods trade. China rapidly emerged as the world's leading exporter while manufacturing employment in many high-income countries plummeted. Guided by textbook models that assumed frictionless labour markets and balanced trade, economists long maintained the view that trade had only modest labour market impacts and was not an important contributor to rising inequalities in high-income countries. We review recent evidence on the impacts of rapidly rising import competition from China on a broad range of outcomes in high-income countries. Import competition led to employment and wage losses that were heavily concentrated among the employees of exposed industries and individuals residing in local labour markets where such industries clustered, while consumer gains from lower goods prices were much more evenly distributed in the population. The disruptive effects of trade were particularly salient in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom where a rapid growth of imports did not coincide with a commensurate expansion of own exports. Local labour markets facing greater import competition also experienced deteriorations in terms of health outcomes, crime, and family structures, and they became more likely to support far right politicians. We discuss several policy options to support the losers from globalisation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The value of commuting time, flexibility, and job security: Evidence from current and recent jobseekers in Flanders 通勤时间、灵活性和工作保障的价值：来自佛兰德当前和近期求职者的证据
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102631
Bert Van Landeghem , Thomas Dohmen , Arne Risa Hole , Annemarie Künn-Nelen
{"title":"The value of commuting time, flexibility, and job security: Evidence from current and recent jobseekers in Flanders","authors":"Bert Van Landeghem ,&nbsp;Thomas Dohmen ,&nbsp;Arne Risa Hole ,&nbsp;Annemarie Künn-Nelen","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines jobseekers’ preferences for a variety of job attributes. It is based on a choice experiment involving 1852 clients of the Flemish Public Employment Service (PES). Respondents value flexibility (e.g., remote work and schedule flexibility), job security and social impact of the job, and require significant compensation for longer commute times. A majority (70%) would need very substantial wage increase beyond their acceptable baseline wage to compensate for less flexibility, job security or social impact. These findings enhance our understanding of labour supply decisions and can inform the design of salary packages and HR policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102631"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001271/pdfft?md5=3d836ad2de36d2be5e1a345eb7b31969&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unemployment effects of the German minimum wage in an equilibrium job search model 均衡求职模型中德国最低工资对失业的影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102626
Maximilian J. Blömer , Nicole Guertzgen , Laura Pohlan , Holger Stichnoth , Gerard J. van den Berg
{"title":"Unemployment effects of the German minimum wage in an equilibrium job search model","authors":"Maximilian J. Blömer ,&nbsp;Nicole Guertzgen ,&nbsp;Laura Pohlan ,&nbsp;Holger Stichnoth ,&nbsp;Gerard J. van den Berg","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We structurally estimate an equilibrium search model using German administrative data and use the model for counterfactual analyses of a uniform minimum wage. The model with worker and firm heterogeneity does not restrict the sign of employment effects a priori; it allows for different job offer arrival rates for the employed and the unemployed and lets firms optimally choose their recruiting intensity. We find that unemployment is a non-monotonic function of the minimum wage level. Effects differ strongly by labor market segment defined by region, skill, and permanent worker ability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001222/pdfft?md5=9ec6a63ee8f6f74252e054f6857fbd33&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pension reforms and couples’ labour supply decisions 养老金改革与夫妇的劳动力供给决策
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102627
Hamed Markazi Moghadam , Patrick A. Puhani , Joanna Tyrowicz
{"title":"Pension reforms and couples’ labour supply decisions","authors":"Hamed Markazi Moghadam ,&nbsp;Patrick A. Puhani ,&nbsp;Joanna Tyrowicz","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines how retirement options for husbands and wives impact their labour supply decisions using a regression discontinuity design. In the context of German pension reforms, which have tightened early retirement possibilities, we find that coordination in retirement decisions between spouses was more prevalent and symmetrical before the reforms, but less so after. This sheds light on the role of early retirement possibilities in shaping couples’ reactions to one spouse’s retirement age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102627"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001234/pdfft?md5=6e5c9c7b4114ecb9ce682cc1f002b231&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conquering Korea for Jesus: Protestant missionaries, local churches, and literacy in Colonial Korea 为耶稣征服朝鲜：殖民地时期朝鲜的新教传教士、地方教会和扫盲工作
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102618
Sascha O. Becker , Cheongyeon Won
{"title":"Conquering Korea for Jesus: Protestant missionaries, local churches, and literacy in Colonial Korea","authors":"Sascha O. Becker ,&nbsp;Cheongyeon Won","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the effect of Protestantism on human capital acquisition using novel data on 234 counties and 2,478 towns in the Korean peninsula in 1930. First, we show that towns with a larger number of native Protestant churches have higher literacy rates throughout colonial Korea. To establish causality, we employ hand-collected data on the exposure to foreign Protestant missionaries as an instrumental variable for the number of native Protestant churches. Furthermore, we study the differential success of different missionary societies, using a spatial RDD that exploits the Comity Agreement of 1909 which geographically divided Korea between missionary societies. We show that Presbyterians, who put more emphasis on empowering local churches, were more successful at attracting members, and fostering literacy, than the Methodists with their more hierarchical structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001143/pdfft?md5=63879278eae05b8b16d19013617b28ac&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001143-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paying (and Paving) my way: Extra-class participation and rent extraction 支付（和铺平）我的道路：课外参与和租金提取
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102616
Quynh Huynh
{"title":"Paying (and Paving) my way: Extra-class participation and rent extraction","authors":"Quynh Huynh","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extra classes, or private tutoring offered by schoolteachers to their pupils, are a widespread phenomenon, particularly in developing countries. This educational arrangement might leave room for distorted incentives. Using data from Vietnam, I find that teachers grant higher school grades to pupils attending extra classes, but extra-class attendance does not yield higher scores on standardized achievement tests. I interpret these results as evidence of opportunistic behavior, whereby teachers exploit their arbitrariness in awarding grades, which count for secondary school admissions, to extract rents. The extent of grade inflation is higher in institutionally underdeveloped settings. Attending extra classes also generates a gap in pupils’ self-concept. These findings provide relevant policy implications to align this informal sector with the country's education system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The long-term effects of job training on labor market and skills outcomes in Chile 智利就业培训对劳动力市场和技能成果的长期影响
IF 2.2 2区 经济学
Labour Economics Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102619
Annabelle Doerr , Rafael Novella
{"title":"The long-term effects of job training on labor market and skills outcomes in Chile","authors":"Annabelle Doerr ,&nbsp;Rafael Novella","doi":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Job training programs can be an effective policy for improving productivity and labor market outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. We report medium- and long-term impacts of a job training program for vulnerable workers in Chile on labor market and skill outcomes using experimental and administrative data. We estimate intention-to-treat effects, accounting for potential non-compliance by training providers in the assignment process, as well as local average treatment effects due to noncompliance with the assigned treatment status. Overall, the program shows limited effectiveness. While we find some positive impacts on labor income, the program fails to improve most labor outcomes. A detailed investigation of heterogenous effects by course-type, training provider and course quality, and gender reveals that the positive income effects are more likely to be realized for males and participants in courses that were offered by high-quality providers. Evidence on mechanisms indicates that the program's limited impact on labor outcomes could, at least partly, be due to its limited effect on workers’ skills.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48153,"journal":{"name":"Labour Economics","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927537124001155/pdfft?md5=ccabd6b69d759f66c8ad75702f430f89&pid=1-s2.0-S0927537124001155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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